CHAPTERS 4 AND 5

Unit 2- A New Nation-Early America

Bell Work

What is the importance of the Constitution?What kind of government does the U.S. have?What are the roles of our branches of

government?List as many of the ten amendments as you

can?Who is known as ‘The father of the

Constitution’?What does it mean when people say the

Constitution is ‘A living document’?

Without British rule, new governments must be created The Articles of Confeder

ation(1777-1787)

State governments:Draft constitutions with a bill of rightsBi-cameralDirect voteWeak governorsPower to tax, create currency, militia, establish courts

First U.S. governmentUnicameral- CongressEach state gets one voteCould declare warCould make lawsCould make treatiesCreate an army and

navyPostal systemBorrow money

A New Nation, A New Governmentgovernments

A Need for Change

The Articles of Confederation proves to be too weak to govern the states

No power to taxNo authority over the

statesCan’t not enforce the lawNo executive or judicial

branchNo national currencyNo ability to regulate

trade

Problems of the New Nation

Spain-Florida-New Orleans

Debt-France-CitizensBarbary PiratesWestern Land ClaimsState boundary

disputesTalk of secessionShays Rebellion

Constitutional Convention

1787-Philapedia, PA12 of 13 states 55 delegatesThrow out articlesBig vs. little-

economic differences and slavery

Virginia Plan-James Madison

Basis for constitution3 branches

Fight over representationNew Jersey PlanGreat Compromise

Two houses One by pop. One for equal for the

statesSlavery-How will they be

counted?3/5ths compromiseSlave trade would remain

open for next 20 years

A New Government-Big Ideas of the Constitution

The Construction becomes the supreme law of the land

Limited governmentFounded a representative

government-RepublicFederalism- a system which

power is divided between states and federal government

Check and BalancesSeparation of PowersPopular sovereignty- people

choose(not Senate or President)

The Document- A living document?

Page 91 Elastic clause Article

1,section 8, 18 Taxes- Article 1, section 9,

4 Civil unrest- Article 4,

section 4, Supremacy Clause-Article

6, section 2 Slavery- Article 1, section

2, 3 Article 4, section 3

U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION

Preamble: establishes six goals of the U.S. government

To form a more perfect unionEstablish justiceInsure domestic tranquilityProvide for the common defensePromote the general welfareSecure the blessing of liberty to ourselves

and our posterity

U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION

The founding felt the best way to prevent the abuse of power was to divide it.

Federalism: Reserved and Concurrent powers between state and national government

Supremacy Clause: Article VI: states the constitution is the “Supreme law of the land”, national supersedes state law What are 3

powers of the national and state governments? What are 3 shared powers?

U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION

Checks and Balances: System to limit the powers of each branch.

Federalists Anti-Federalists

Support the constitution

Washington, Franklin, Madison, Hamilton, John Jay

Write The Federalist Papers

Patrick Henry, Jefferson, Samuel Adams

Feared a stronger national government

Wanted a clear bill of rights

Debate over Ratification

9 of 13 states are needed to pass the ConstitutionRatification proves to be a difficult process

The Bill of Rights

The Constitution is ratified in 1788 with the guarantee of a bill of rights

James Madison drafts a copyPassed in 1791Refers the first ten- today there are 27Page 102- Copy down the first 10

Voting for President: The Constitution Right that doesn’t exist: Electoral College

The founding fathers feared direct democracy by an uninformed mob

Instead of direct democracy they choose the Electoral College

538 electors vote for President!!

Why do we still have this system?

Arguments For Certainty of Results Discourages 3rd Parties Precludes Possibility of National Re-

Count of Votes Keeps States as Integral Part of

Presidential Selection Process Keeps Small States as Viable

Participants

Arguments Against Can distort popular vote Discourages 3rd parties Disenfranchises Voters in States

Which Support Electoral College Loser

Allows for the "Faithless Elector" It Is Archaic - Based on Political

Considerations No Longer Relevant Gives Undue Power to "Swing States"

Electoral College Essay

Should the Electoral College system of electing President continue or be replaced?

Your answer should include specific reasons to support your position.

Due Friday-20 points

Individual Reports-Key People of the 1800’s

30 points- Content of information, on-time, presentation, picture

Project requirements:Research two key figure during the 1800s (no presidents)Give a brief power point presentation on your people (2

slides minimum, 2 pictures )Provide background information on your person and

explain their role in American History What do they do? Why are they important? What impact to

they have on history?Picture- matted on paper, picture-name, dates, one

paragraph minimum summary of personPresentation start next Tuesday, Pictures due Tuesday

Bell Work

Name the first four Presidents of the United States

List any events you know of in American History from 1789-1815

List two advantages and disadvantages of political parties

George Washington- 1st President 1789-1797

Goals Strengthen Government Strengthen Economy Remain Neutral(expect

Natives)Government

Appoints a cabinet Appoint first Supreme Court- Uses force to put down the

Whiskey Rebellion

Economy Alexander Hamilton Pay all debts in full National Bank Loans to businesses

Neutral French Revolution America neutral(trade

with both) British stop ships,

support Native American attacks

Washington attacks Ohio Valley tribes, surrender Ohio

Birth of Political PartiesFarewell Address: Advice to the Nation

Alliances and foreign wars

Huge national debtOverpowering military

establishmentPolitical PartiesImportance of civic duty,

morality, religionRegional

differences/Secession

George Washington

John Adams-2nd President 1797-1801

FederalistV.P-Jefferson (R)Administration is

marked by political fighting

Alien and Sedition Act- Harder for immigrates

to become citizens, Deportation

Limit freedom of speech and the press-No bad talking the government

Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809

“Revolution of 1800”-peaceful transfer of power

Democratic-Republican(V.P. Aaron Burr)

Less government-Common man

Marbury v. Madison-Judicial Review

Neutral- Embargo of 1807-hurts U.S. economy

The Louisiana Purchase 1803

Purchase from France15 million or 4 cents

an acreDoubles the nationLewis and Clark

Expedition-SacajaweaOpens to door to the

west and sets America’s future path

James Madison-4th President 1809-1817

Democratic – Republican

Guides America through the War of 1812

Reading Assignment

Read Chapter 4 section 3 pages 112-118 and Chapter 5, section pages 130-135

Quiz Wednesday on the reading and the notes from last week(Articles and Constitution)

The War of 1812(1812-1815)

Causes1. Trade restrictions /Impressment2. Native American Conflict3.War Hawks-land (NW TERR/Canada)4. Politics-Madison’s election, dislike Great Britain

5. No Communication!

Events1. Tecumseh is killed2.U.S. invade Canada, burn York3.British burn the White House4. Francis Scott Key writes what will become the National Anthem(Battle of Baltimore)5. Key victory-Battle of New Orleans

Effects1. British and major Indian resistance gone2.A sense of nationalism3. National hero in Andrew Jackson4.Began an era of national expansion and economic growth

Era of Good Feeling 1815-1830

American’s gain a national identity Intense patriotism

Economic growth-westward expansion Opening of westward land for settlement(new states) New inventions, urbanization

Assert ourselves internationally Treaties with Spain Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine 1823

5th President-James Monroe (1817-1825)

Democratic-RepublicanImproves America’s role as

the dominant power of North America

Greatly aided by his Secretary of State-John Quincy Adams(6th President)

Rush-Bagot Treaty(1817)-Disarms the Great Lakes

Adams-Onis Treaty(1819)-Spain cedes Florida to the U.S.

When did America become an international power?

Monroe Doctrine- Closes the western hemisphere to European colonization

Backed by American threat of force

Bell work

In a small group, come up with a list of possible solutions for Native Americans in dealing with the Americans.

Which one would you choose?

Tecumseh and The Shawnee Prophet

Tecumseh is a Shawnee Chief

Goal is to resist American expansion

Create a sovereign Indian Nation in the Ohio/ Great Lakes Region

Attempts to build a unified Native American resistance

His brother preaches a message of cultural revival

Primary Source Reading(class)

Andrew Jackson-7th President

Born poor, rises through the army

Battle of New Orleans/Fights Creeks and Seminoles in Florida(invades)

Loses election of 1824 ‘Corrupt Bargain’

1829-1837 Elected the 7th President of the U.S.(Democrat)

Best known for…….. War Hero Champion of the common man Duals Spoils system Tariff Crisis(Secession) Destroying the National Bank Excessive Presidential Power

Indian Removal Act 1830/Trail of Tears

Pushed by President Jackson, the act gave him the power to negotiate removal treaties of all Native American nations east of the Mississippi River.

Jackson uses the act to force nations to sign over their land in exchange for land in the west(Present day Oklahoma/Kansas)

The Removal Act impacts many nations, mainly “Five Civilized Tribes” Cherokee Choctaw Chickasaw Creek Seminole

The Trail of Tears refers to the suffer and death along the route west

1831-1838-46,000 moved, estimated 5,000-10,000 die

25 million acres of land!

Cherokee Resistance

Fight through the court system

Worchester v. Georgia

Chief Justice John Marshall rules the Cherokee can stay, sovereign nation

Jackson- “Let him enforce it”

Video Questions How do the Americans promote

Native American assimilation? How do the Cherokee assimilate? Why do the Americans want the

Cherokee land?

Video Two Why do the Cherokee believe they have

a good relationship with President Jackson?

Explain the difference between John Ross and Major Ridge opinion’s on how to resist removal.

What was the U.S. governments purpose for the removal?

What does the Indian Removal Act eventually create in the U.S.?

Why is the Indian Removal Act important for every American to know about?

Reading Assignments

Tecumseh1.What does President

Jefferson hope Native Americans will do?

2. How does assimilation impact native tribes?

3. What role does William Henry Harrison play in these events.

4. At what battle does Tecumseh die? What dies with him?

Cherokee Primary sources

Read documents A,B,C,D and answer the questions for each document

Economic Growth-Chapter 5, Section 2 pg. 140-147

Your group will read one section, summarize the key information and share your information with another group.

From Farms to Factories

Transportation Revolution

Politics and the Economy

From Farms to Factories Factory System Lowell Girls

Transportation Revolution Roads-Tolls Erie Canal Steamboats Railroads

Politics and the Economy Henry Clay-American

System Mutual-dependence Regional interests-Conflict

Class Reading

Primary Source-Doing Business in America

Discuss