1

Chapters 23 & 24

PLANTS

PLANTS

1. Evolutionary Advancement:a. Plants are thought to have evolved

from ___________________

2.Key characteristics of plants:

green algae

a.The most diverse group of organisms on Earth.

b.Most are photosynthetic.c.They are all multicellular.d.Absorb nutrients from their environment.

Plants

3. Coming onto Land a. Cuticle - ______coating that covers the plant to create a water tight covering. b. Stomata – Microscopic ______ in the leaf’s ____________ that regulates _________and gas __________. c. Transpiration – the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata.

waxy

porescuticle

water exchange

Plants

4. Four Categories of Plants

1. __________________(Example: Moss)

2. ___________________(Example: Fern)

3. ____________________(Example: Pine Tree)

4. ____________________(Example: Day Lily)

Nonvascular

Seedless vascular

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Plants

CATEGORY 1 – Nonvascular Plants – EXAMPLE: MOSSa. nonvascular – lack the tubes to move water and nutrients throughout the plant.b. Have root structures called

__________that anchor plant. No real roots, stems or leaves.c. Water and nutrients move through the plant by ________________________d. They require water for reproduction.

rhizoids

osmosis and diffusion

Plants

CATEGORY 2 – SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS – EXAMPLE: FERN

a. Evolutionary advancement: Vascular system: This system includes:

1. Xylem – tubes that carry water in a plant2. Phloem – tubes that carry food in the plant

b. Enables plants to grow ________ nonvascular plants.

c. They can reproduce with ___________- NOT SEEDS.

They are found on the underside of leaves. This allows them to reproduce when it is dry / or there is drought.d. In order for them to reproduce sexually, they require ______ (in or on soil)

largerspores

water

Plants

Plants

CATEGORY 3 – Gymnosperm – Example: Pine Treea. Evolutionary advancement: _____________The seeds in these plants do not develop in a sealed container called a ______.b. They are the most successful plants because they can reproduce by seeds: 1. Seeds contain: ____________________ - baby plant _______________________ - nutrients for the plant to grow ____________________ - to protect the seed until conditions are favorable to grow.2. Seeds only need ______ to germinate. They have also evolved very light seed coats so they can __________________.

seeds

fruit

embryostored food - cotyledon

seed coat

water

blow in the air

Plants

CATEGORY 3 – Gymnosperm – Example: Pine Tree continued

4. They also have male and female gametophytes. ________is the male gametophytes and the female are protected in ____________________.5. Reproduction does not happen in the water, it occurs through the ______.C._________are the most familiar successful

gymnosperms.1. They have needle-like scales or leaves to reduce water loss.

pollenstructures in seeds.

airConifers

Plants

CATEGORY 4 – ANGIOSPERMS – Example: DAY LILY

a. Evolutionary Advancement - _________________The specialized case is called a ________

b. The case can be different forms:1. __________- The male and female

gametophytes develop within the flower and promote pollination and fertilization.

2. _____ - They develop from flowers and their purpose is seed

distribution.

(animals eat the fruit and poop the seed out away from the parent plant so there is no

competition for resources)

flowers

fruit

flowers

fruits

Plants

sepal

filament

antherstamen

petals

stigma

style

ovary

pistil

stemOvule/egg

CATEGORY 4 – ANGIOSPERMS – Example: DAY LILY_________Continued

3. Angiosperms are the most successful group and

_________of plants are in this category.4. Angiosperms are broken down into two categories. 1. _______________ - Produce seeds with one leaf (iris, lily, tulips, corn, grass) 2. ______- Produce seeds with two leaves (sunflowers, broccoli, peanuts, roses, apples, tomatoes)5. Humans use angiosperms for food, wood, medicines and fibers.

90%

monocot

dicot