Chapters 10 & 11 Rocks and Minerals Science, 8 th Grade Rocks and Minerals.
-
Upload
silas-chapman -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of Chapters 10 & 11 Rocks and Minerals Science, 8 th Grade Rocks and Minerals.
Chapters 10 & 11Chapters 10 & 11
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Rocks and Minerals
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Rocks
• Earth’s crust is made of rock.
• Rocks are mixtures of minerals and sometimes other materials.
background image source: http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/7100/world.topo.bathy.200401.3x5400x2700.jpg
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Studying Rocks
• When studying a rock sample, geologists observe the rock’s:– Color
• click here for a rock color chart
– Texture– Chemical Composition
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Color Chart Quiz
image source:http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blgneiss.htm
Click the color on the color chart that best identifies the color of the rock above.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
That is not correct…
• Please click on the “Back” button and try again.
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Excellent!• You have correctly identified the rock on the color chart.
Click on the “Next” button to continue.
Next
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Texture
• Most rocks are made up of grains, particles or minerals, or other rocks.
• Texture is the look that results from:– Size– Shape– Pattern of rock’s grains
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Grains• Coarse-grained: large/easy to see• Fine-grained: small, even microscopic
– Click here for rock identification tables that include information on grain size.
Obsidian – A Fine-grained Rockimage source: http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blobsidian.htm
Sandstone – A Coarse-grained Rockimage source: http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blsandstone.htm
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Grain Pattern
• Grains in rock often form a pattern.– Flat layers (strata)– Wavy, swirling patterns– Rows of beads– Random or no pattern
Example
Example
Example
Example
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Flat Layers (strata)
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Wavy, Swirling Patterns
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Random or No Pattern
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Quick Forming Rocks
• Some rocks have no grain because they cooled too quickly when they formed.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Rock Groups
• There are three groups of rocks:– Igneous– Metamorphic– Sedimentary
• Click on the links above to find the definition of each group of rock. Once you have reviewed these definitions online, click on the arrow to continue.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Igneous Rocks
• Formed from the cooling of molten, or melted, rock
Pumice Granite Basalt
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Metamorphic Rocks• Formed when existing rock is changed by
heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
Gneiss Schist Phyllite
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Sedimentary Rocks• Formed when particles of other rocks,
plants, or animals are cemented together
Sandstone Breccia Siltstone
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
The Rock Cycle
Click here for another illustration of the rock cycle.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Online Rock Cycle Activities• The Rock Cycle
– Click on the image below to access online resources and activities.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Minerals
• A mineral:– Occurs naturally– Is inorganic– Is Solid– Has a crystal structure– Has a definite chemical composition
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Minerals
• There are three thousand (3000) minerals.
• One hundred (100) minerals are common.
• Twenty (20) minerals make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust (rock-forming minerals).
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Mineral Formation
• Minerals form through:– Crystallization of melted materials.– Crystallization of materials dissolved in
water.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Crystals
• Repeating patterns of a mineral’s particles that form a solid.– Click here for a
crystal experiment from National Geographic.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Mineral Composition• All minerals contain certain elements in
definite amounts.• Most minerals are compounds (two or
more elements).• Silver and gold are considered minerals.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Mohs Hardness Scale• The Mohs Hardness Scale ranks ten
minerals from softest to hardest.
source: http://www.amfed.org/t_mohs.htm
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Ranking Minerals
• Minerals are ranked according to:• Click on the word below for more information.
– Color– Streak– Luster– Density– Cleavage– Fracture
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Streak
• Streak is the color of a mineral’s powder.
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Luster
• Luster is how shiny a mineral is.
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Density
• Density is mass per unit volume (specific gravity).
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Cleavage
• Cleavage is the breaking of a mineral along a regular line.
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Fracture• Fracture is the irregular breaking of a mineral.
Back
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Fluorescence
• Fluorescence refers to minerals that glow under ultraviolet light.
Rocks and Minerals Rocks and Minerals • Science, 8• Science, 8thth Grade Grade
Magnetism
• Magnetism occurs naturally in some minerals, such as magnetite.