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AP Biology: Chapter 8Metabolism and Enzymes

Before you come to class:- Read the textbook pages that have been assigned on your calendar- Complete the chapter reading guide questions that correspond to

those pages- Be prepared to take a quiz at the beginning of class. You may use your

homework on the quizzes.

1. Define the following terms:a. Catabolic pathway

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b. Anabolic pathway

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c. Kinetic energy

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d. Potential energy ____________________________-

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2. The First Law of Thermodynamics is the principle of…

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3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics involves changes in…

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4. What is meant by a change in free energy?

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5. Compare reactions that are…a. Exergonic

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b. Endergonic

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6. Sketch the ATP cycle:

7. How does ATP “couple reactions”?

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8. Sketch the profile of an exergonic reaction.

9. How do enzymes affect the energy profile?

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10. Define activation energy.

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11. Why are enzymes said to be specific?

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12. List factors that influence the rate of enzyme reactions.

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13. Label the diagram of the catalytic enzyme cycle.

14. How do competitive and

noncompetitive inhibitors

differ in their enzyme

interactions?

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15. What happens during allosteric regulation?

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16. Describe feedback inhibition.

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17. Define enzyme cooperativity.

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CHAPTER 9: RESPIRATION

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1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP.

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2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule.

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3. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules?______________

4. Define each of the following:a. Oxidation

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b. Reduction

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5. What is the role of NAD+ & FAD+2 in respiration?

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6. Explain why respiration is considered exergonic.

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7. Glycolysis starts with _____________________ and produces ________________

8. The Kreb’s cycle takes place in the: _____________________________________

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9. Pyruvate is converted to ___________________________________ before the Krebs cycle.

10. The Electron Transport Chain is located in the: ___________________________

11. Describe the role of the Electron Transport Chain. What happens to

the electrons and H+?

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12. What is chemiomosis and how is it generated?________________________________________________________________________

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13. How does the mitochondrion generate ATP?________________________________________________________________________

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14. Label the diagram.Include: CO2, organic compounds, O2, H2O, respiration, photosynthesis, light, heat, ATP

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15. What happens to most of the energy released during cell

respiration?

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16. Alcoholic fermentation converts glucose to ______________________________

17. Alcoholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? ____________________

18. Lactic acid fermentation converts glucose to______________________________

19. Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? ___________________

20. Identify examples of each of the following feedback mechanismsa. Negative feedback

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b. Positive feedback

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21. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration:

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a. Where did the glucose come from?

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b. Where did the O2 come from?

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c. Where did the CO2 come from?

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d. Where did the H2O come from?

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e. Where did the ATP come from?

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f. What else is produced that is not listed in this equation?

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22. What was the evolutionary advantage of the proto-eukaryotes that

engulfed aerobic bacteria but did not digest them?

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23. Why do we eat?

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24. Why do we breathe?

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CHAPTER 10: PHOTOSYNTHESIS1. What role do autotrophs fill in the biosphere?

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2. Indicate the role of each structure within the leaf:a. stomates

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b. mesophyll cells

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c. thylakoid membranes

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d. stroma

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3. What is the source of oxygen released from photosynthesis?

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4. In the overview of photosynthesis, indicate the most significant

function of:

a. Light reaction

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b. Calvin cycle __________________________________________________________

5. Light is a form of energy known as

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and visible light has a wavelength range of ________________________________ .

6. Plant light receptors absorb _________________________________________

wavelengths of light and reflect

________________________________wavelengths of light.

7. The porphyrin ring of chlorophyll contains the element

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and the role of the ring is to

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8. What does chlorophyll do when excited by photons?

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9. Label the diagram and explain the difference between Photosystem I and Photosystem II.

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10. With 2 different colored pencils, follow the energy paths of both noncyclic and cyclic electron flow in the diagram.

11. How does cyclic differ from noncyclic photophosphorylation?

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12. To generate ATP, chloroplasts rely on the ETC to

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and ATP is synthesized when:

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13. Within the thylakoid membrane and stroma, indicate what happens to each of the following:a. water

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b. high energy electrons

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c. H+

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d. oxygen

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e. NADP+

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f. ADP _________________________________________________________________

14. Where in the chloroplast is the H+ concentration highest?

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15. What happens during carbon fixation?

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16. List the materials the plant uses during the Calvin cycle and the

source of the materials.

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17. The products of the Calvin cycle are

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18. What environmental and internal challenges have forced both C4

and CAM plants to evolve alternatives to the photosynthesis system

used by other plants?

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19. Why do high oxygen levels inhibit photosynthesis?

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20. What happens during photorespiration and why is it considered bad for plants?________________________________________________________________________

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21. What evolutionary adaptations to the Calvin cycle are seen in C4 plants like sugar cane?________________________________________________________________________

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22. Draw a diagram to show the anatomical adaptations seen in C4 plants to accommodate their variation on the Calvin cycle.

23. What evolutionary adaptation to the Calvin cycle is seen in CAM plants like cacti?___________________________________________________________________________________________________

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