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GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION 1800-1850’s1800-1850’s
Thomas Jefferson-3rd President Thomas Jefferson-3rd President (1800-1808)(1800-1808)
Jeffersonian Jeffersonian DemocracyDemocracy• Simple Simple
government government controlled by controlled by the peoplethe people
Marbury vs. MadisonMarbury vs. Madison18031803
establishes Judicial Reviewestablishes Judicial Review• Courts can declare a law or an Courts can declare a law or an
action unconstitutionalaction unconstitutional
1803 – Louisiana Purchase1803 – Louisiana Purchase
US paid US paid France $15 France $15 million million dollarsdollars
doubled doubled size of the size of the countrycountry
actually actually started started westward westward movementmovement
Sent Lewis and Clark to explore Sent Lewis and Clark to explore and map new territoryand map new territory
Sacajawea, Sacajawea, guide for Lewis and Clark
James Madison - 4th president James Madison - 4th president (1808-1816)(1808-1816)
War of 1812War of 1812 Against England Against England Cause: Cause:
• Impressment,Impressment, forcing U.S. forcing U.S. sailors to serve in sailors to serve in British navyBritish navy
U.S. successful U.S. successful at sea but were a at sea but were a failure on landfailure on land
British capture Washington, D.C. British capture Washington, D.C. and burn public buildingsand burn public buildings
Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,
That our flag was still there..That our flag was still there..
Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,
That our flag was still there..That our flag was still there..
Francis Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled Banner” poemBecomes the National Anthem in 1931
1814-Battle of New Orleans1814-Battle of New Orleans
Only U.S. victory Only U.S. victory on landon land
Army led by Army led by Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson• Unnecessary Unnecessary
battlebattle• War ended 3 War ended 3
weeks earlierweeks earlier
Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent Ends War of 1812Ends War of 1812
• maintains status quomaintains status quo two major results of two major results of
the war:the war:• encouraged encouraged
American American industrializationindustrialization
• confirmed U.S. as a confirmed U.S. as a free and independent free and independent countrycountry
known as the known as the official end of official end of American American RevolutionRevolution
James Monroe-5th President James Monroe-5th President (1816-1824)(1816-1824)
Known for establishing security Known for establishing security & expansion for nation& expansion for nation
Convention of 1818Convention of 1818• U.S.-Canadian U.S.-Canadian
border-49border-49thth parallel parallel• England-U.S. occupy England-U.S. occupy
Oregon TerritoryOregon Territory Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty
• obtained Florida obtained Florida from Spainfrom Spain
• established western established western border between US border between US and Spanish territoryand Spanish territory
Monroe Doctrine-1820Monroe Doctrine-1820• warned European nations to stay out of warned European nations to stay out of
western hemisphere affairswestern hemisphere affairs• no further colonizationno further colonization
Andrew Jackson-6th President Andrew Jackson-6th President (1828-1836)(1828-1836)
Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy• average citizen average citizen
participates in participates in governmentgovernment
““spoils system”spoils system”• appointing people to appointing people to
government positions government positions on basis of Party loyaltyon basis of Party loyalty
Indian Removal Act-1830Indian Removal Act-1830
Relocated Native Relocated Native Americans west of the Americans west of the Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Trail of TearsTrail of Tears• Cherokee forced to Cherokee forced to
leave Georgialeave Georgia• 4,000 died on 116 4,000 died on 116
day trip, Arkansas-day trip, Arkansas-Oklahoma, in Oklahoma, in freezing weatherfreezing weather
Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny - - Belief that America was to Belief that America was to own all the land between the Atlantic and own all the land between the Atlantic and
Pacific OceansPacific Oceans
Americans move west to California Americans move west to California and Oregonand Oregon
Republic of Texas-1836Republic of Texas-1836 achieved achieved
independence in independence in 18361836
refused statehood refused statehood due to being a slave due to being a slave territoryterritory
England showed England showed interest in interest in colonizing Texascolonizing Texas
U.S. admitted Texas U.S. admitted Texas as the 28th State-as the 28th State-18451845
Battle of the AlamoBattle of the Alamo
War with Mexico-1846War with Mexico-1846
Annexation of Annexation of Texas one of Texas one of the causesthe causes• lasted one yearlasted one year• U.S. winsU.S. wins
Treaty of Treaty of Guadalupe Guadalupe HidalgoHidalgo• Ended the warEnded the war• gave U.S. land gave U.S. land
from Texas to from Texas to CaliforniaCalifornia
• U.S. gave U.S. gave Mexico Mexico $15,000,000$15,000,000
California Gold Rush - 1849California Gold Rush - 1849Gold discovered near Sacramento, Sutter’s Mill.Gold discovered near Sacramento, Sutter’s Mill.80,000 people from around the world went to Calif. 80,000 people from around the world went to Calif. By 1850 it became a StateBy 1850 it became a State
Market Revolution (1820-1850)Market Revolution (1820-1850)
Beginning Beginning of the of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution in U.S.in U.S.• new inventions fueled economic growthnew inventions fueled economic growth• changed from hand-made goods (in changed from hand-made goods (in
homes) to machine-made goods (in homes) to machine-made goods (in Factories)Factories)
Free Enterprise systemFree Enterprise system begins begins• private business free to operate for private business free to operate for
profitsprofits• entrepreneurs invest money in new entrepreneurs invest money in new
industriesindustries
InventionsInventions
1793 - Eli 1793 - Eli WhitneyWhitney• invents the invents the
cotton gin cotton gin • separated cotton separated cotton
seeds from the seeds from the fiberfiber
• increased need increased need for more slaves for more slaves to feed cotton ginto feed cotton gin
1837-Samuel Morse invents the 1837-Samuel Morse invents the telegraphtelegraph
morse code morse code • series of series of
dots/dashes that dots/dashes that make up lettersmake up letters
1854-23,000 1854-23,000 miles of wiremiles of wire• Connected people Connected people
of different of different regions of the regions of the countrycountry
1807-steam engine-Robert Fulton1807-steam engine-Robert Fulton
steam powered steam powered transportationtransportation• faster tripsfaster trips• cheaper ratescheaper rates
1830 1830 • over 200 over 200
steamboats steamboats traveling along traveling along the riversthe rivers
Women ReformsWomen Reforms played key role in played key role in
abolitionist movement and abolitionist movement and temperance movement temperance movement • won some won some
improvements in improvements in educationeducation
1848-Seneca Falls 1848-Seneca Falls ConventionConvention • called for equal called for equal
rights/suffragerights/suffrage Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth
(Isabella Baumfree)(Isabella Baumfree) former slave, former slave,
powerful speakerpowerful speaker