Chapter12
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Transcript of Chapter12
![Page 1: Chapter12](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc9089bb61eb0b2d8b4768/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Juvenile Corrections
Chapter 12
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The Problem of Youth Crime
In a typical year, about… 651 youths under the age of 18 are arrested for
homicide 2,071 for forcible rape 31,265 for aggravated assault
Extremely serious juvenile crime is still rare
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Discussion Question
What is your opinion on juvenile crime statistics in America? Does it seem like an epidemic? What can be done to combat the problem?
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The History of Juvenile Corrections in the United States
The Puritan Period
1646-1824 family is economic unit, symbolic standard of maturity
The Refuge Period
1824-1899 child is helpless and in need of state intervention
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The History of Juvenile Corrections in the United States
The Juvenile Court Period Parens patriae- court acting on behalf of parent Informality- conversational hearings Individualization- each child is unique Intervention- adjustment to law-abiding lifestyle Delinquent, neglected, dependent children
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The History of Juvenile Corrections in the United States
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The History of Juvenile Corrections in the United States
The Juvenile Rights Period 1960-1980 movement to define and protect rights as
well as services to children
The Crime Control Period 1980-2005 system is formal, restrictive, punitive,
police referrals increased, longer incarceration
Evidence-based 2005-present reduced use of confinement and focus
on prevention
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Supreme Court Cases
Kent v. US (1966)- due process
In Re Gault (1967)- notice, hearing, counsel, cross-examination
In Re Winship (1970)- beyond a reasonable doubt
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)- jury trials are not required
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Supreme Court Cases
Breed v. Jones (1975)- waiver to adult court
Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co. (1979)- press
Eddings v. Oklahoma (1982)-age in capital cases
Schall v. Martin (1984)- preventive detention
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Supreme Court Cases
Stanford v. Kentucky (1989)- capital punishment is 16 years old
Roper v. Simmons (2005)- 8th amendment applied to death penalty age 18
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Juvenile Corrections in the US
Why Treat Juveniles and Adults Differently? Juveniles are young and may easily change Juveniles have a high rate of “desistence” Juveniles’ families are an important part of their lives Juveniles are easily influenced by their peers Juveniles have little responsibility for others
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Discussion Question
What is your opinion on policy makers and the juvenile justice system? Do you believe our law-makers are making correct strides to better the system? Why or why not?
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Juvenile Sanctions
Sanctioning Juvenile Offenders Disposition of juvenile offenders Waiver Diversion Correctional programs Detention Adjudication
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Factors in juvenile’s history
Persistent behavior problems Onset of delinquency, aggression, drug use Antisocial parents Antisocial peers, poor school performance,
impulsivity, weak social ties Membership into delinquent gangs Drug dealing
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Juvenile Sanctions
Sanctioning Juvenile Offenders Juvenile probation Working in the schools Intermediate sanctions for juveniles Juvenile community corrections Juvenile incarceration Juvenile aftercare
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Discussion Question
What if you were a straight-A student in a traditionally bad area of the country, in a subpar school system; you are tired of the slackers and trouble-makers making your school appear far from educationally friendly, especially because you are hoping to earn a scholarship to college. How open would you be to school-based programs for juveniles?
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Juvenile Corrections
The Future of Juvenile Justice Public policymakers
Public opinion
Juvenile waiver
Tougher probation
Middle ground
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Discussion Question
What if the future of the juvenile justice system was to get tough on crime, much like the adult system? What repercussions do you predict would occur?