Chapter1-Basic Concepts of Measurements
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Transcript of Chapter1-Basic Concepts of Measurements
EEB 5223/EAB4223EEB 5223/EAB4223Industrial Automation and Control Industrial Automation and Control SystemsSystemsyy• Process/Industrial Instrumentation and
Measurements• Automation• DCS and Fieldbus
Dr. Rosdiazli IbrahimDepartment of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS22.03.22Email: [email protected]
Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 11EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems
p yTel: 05-368 7821
1. Basic Concepts of Measurement System
Topics-Part 1: TopicsTopics--Part 2:Part 2:1. PLC: Featuresp y
2. Calibration3. Temperature Measurements4. Pressure Measurements
2. PLC programming languages: IEC1131
3. Sequential/batch/ 5. Flow rate Measurements6. Level Measurements7. Loop drawing/connections TopicsTopics--Part 3:Part 3:
continuous processes
p g/1. DCS2. Fieldbus
Assessments:
•50% - Final examination
•20% - Test (10% X 2).
•10 % - Assignments (5% x 2).
•15% - Lab reports: Each from Part 1 & 2
Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 22EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems
•15% - Lab reports: Each from Part 1 & 2.
•5% - Quizzes
The course syllabus is designed to provide students in the key and base areas of industrial automation, using mixed-mode delivery comprises of lecture-tutorial-lab activities that covers the technical, theory and practical.
This course cover topics related to measurements (PLTF) d t ti i th i d t Th i l d
SynopsisSynopsis Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes
h d d hi f(PLTF) and automation in the process industry. These include a study on industrial sensors and actuators, industrial controllers such as computer-based control, PLC, DCS and FF.
that students are expected to achieve after successfully completing the course
The learning outcomes related to Industrial instruments and
The learning outcomes related to Automation and the implementation of
The learning outcomes related to DCS and Foundation Fieldbus use
Process , Industrial Instr.& Meas.Process , Industrial Instr.& Meas. AutomationAutomation DCS and Foundation FieldbusDCS and Foundation Fieldbus
Measurements
• Have knowledge and understanding of the various process industry instruments, concept of measurements, calibration and
Programmable logic controller
• Have knowledge and understanding of the PLC architecture and its i t i t ti
in process industries.
• Have knowledge and understanding of a DCS and its
i i d t i d th,configuration requirements and their applications.
• Be able to design and develop a control loop consisting the process instruments based on a prescribed
importance in automation.
• Be able to develop a PLC program to perform sequential, and batch control.
use in process industries, and the features and architecture of a Foundation Fieldbus system, and its improvement over the conventional DCS.
Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 33EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems
instruments, based on a prescribed requirement.
Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesTo achieve the following Learning Outcomes:
Have knowledge and understanding of the various process
Assessment CriteriaAssessment Criteria
Assessment criteria:• Have knowledge and understanding of the various process
industry instruments, the concept of measurements, calibration and configuration requirements and their applications.
• Be able to design and develop a control loop consisting the i t t b d ib d i t
To demonstrate student has achieved the learning outcomes
• Describe the measuring principles, calibration and configuration requirements of different process industry instruments and their applications.
process instruments, based on a prescribed requirement.
.• Design and develop a control loop using the relevant
instruments to meet specifications
Assessment criteria:• Basic concepts of measurements
Lab experiences• Calibration,
fi i f
Assessment criteria:• Signal Conditioning
Process , Industrial Instrumentation & MeasurementProcess , Industrial Instrumentation & Measurement
• Process control terminologies
• Calibration
configuration of transmitters, controllers, recorders and other peripherals, wiring, selection
• P,T,L,F to mA, V
• V-V,V-mA,mA-V
and installation.
• Design and implementation of a simple control loop.
Assessment criteria:• Applications and selections of sensors and actuators
used in industries
• Pressure Level Temperature Flow
Assessment criteria:• Design and implement a simple control
loop.
Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 44EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems
Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesTo achieve the following Learning Outcomes:
Have knowledge and understanding of the PLC architecture
Assessment CriteriaAssessment CriteriaAssessment criteria:To demonstrate student has achieved the learning• Have knowledge and understanding of the PLC architecture
and its importance in automation.
• Be able to develop a PLC program to perform a sequential, and a batch control.
To demonstrate student has achieved the learning outcomes
• Describe and discuss the architecture and input-output features of a PLC, and its importance in automation.
• Develop, design, and use the appropriate instructions t it t f ifi t k i ti l
.
.
to write a program to perform specific task in particular sequential process in automation/process plant, and a batch process.
Hardware structure of a PLC
• PLC architecture: CPU, I/O modules, peripheral i
Lab experiences• Sequential control,
l i
Sensors and actuators for automation
AutomationAutomation
equipments.
• Review PLC internal architecture: Timers, counters, arithmetic function, and logical operation.
• Advanced instruction sets.
electropneumatic systems, conveyor belt systems.
• Design and implementation of PLC system in
• Applications and selections of sensors and actuators used in industries
PLC system in automation/process control.Software structure of a PLC
• PLC internal architecture: Timers, counters, arithmetic function, and logical operation.
Ad anced inst ction sets
Programming
• Programming sequence function charts and Grafcet.
• Implementation of PLCs for
Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 55EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems
• Advanced instruction sets. Implementation of PLCs for sequential/batch control
Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesTo achieve the following Learning Outcomes:
Assessment CriteriaAssessment CriteriaAssessment criteria:To demonstrate student has achieved the learning
• Have knowledge and understanding of a DCS and its use in process industries, and the features and architecture of a Fieldbus system, and its improvement over the conventional DCS
To demonstrate student has achieved the learning outcomes
• Explain the structure of a DCS and its use in process industries, its benefits and limitations.
• Describe the various components of a typical fieldbus hit t th t l fi ti d it
.
.
architecture, the control configurations and its improvement over the conventional DCS architecture.
DCS & Foundation FieldbusDCS & Foundation Fieldbus
MMI
• Explain the man-machine interface and the features of a control room.
DCS
• Describe the structure of a DCS and its use in process plant and other industries.
Fieldbus
• Describe the overall layout of a fieldbus system used in industry.
control room. plant and other industries.
• FF Topologies
• Interoperability, Reliability
• CIF
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• Simple implementation example
References:
h ” lCurtis D. Johnson,”Process Control Instrumentation Technology”, Pearson.
D ll Ril & M C ll “I t t ti f Dally, Riley & Mc Connell, “Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements”, Wiley
E O Doebelin “Measurement Systems Application E. O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems Application and Design”, Mc Graw Hill.
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Lab Part 1 (week 2- 7):Lab Part 1 (week 2- 7):•Process Instrumentation for T,P,L,F, using single station controller, recorder, transmitter etc.station controller, recorder, transmitter etc.
•Design and implementation of a simple control loop
Lab Part 2 (week 8 11):Lab Part 2 (week 8- 11):•PLC for sequential control – conveyor belt system, electropneumatic actuatorselectropneumatic actuators.
•Design and implementation of PLC in automation
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Emphasize learning through the accessibility to lab-based activities using real instruments, formal reports and continuous assessments...
Calibration of transmitters (T)
Electro-pneumatic
Conveyor belt system
& PLC
Lab Briefing & Grouping
Calibration of transmitters
(P L F)
Configuration of Controller &
Recorder
LOOP design & interconnection
pneumatic actuators & PLC
Grouping (P, L, F) interconnection
1 w
eek
1 w
eek
3 w
eeks
2 w
eeks
2 w
eeks
TEST 1 TEST 2
ASSIGNMENT 1 ASSIGNMENT 2
Formal Lab Report Formal Lab Report
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Calibration, Configuration
and Loop design
Formal Lab Report PLC and
Electropneumatic systems
Concepts of MeasurementsConcepts of Measurements
Basic Concepts of Measurement Systems
Obj i f• Objective of measurements
To establish the value or the tendency of someTo establish the value or the tendency of some variable based on the value or the tendency suggested by the measurement device.
• General Measurement SystemA measurement assigns a specific value to a physical variable measured variables
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variable, measured variables.
A Measurement System
Sensor Stage
TransducerStage
SignalConditioning
Control Stage
ProcessOutputStage
Process
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A general template for a measurement system
Components for Measurements
• Sensor
Components for Measurements
– Sensor is a physical element that uses some natural phenomenon to sense the variable being measured
– Sensor selection, placement, and installation are , p ,particularly important, because the input to the measurement system is the information sensed by the sensor
– The interpretation of all information passed through and indicated by the system depends on that which is actually sensed by the sensor
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Components for Measurements
Transducer– The transducer converts the sensed information into
a detectable signal form, such as electrical, g , ,mechanical, optical or otherwise
– Convert the sensed information into a form that can be easily quantifiedy q
– The term “transducer” often used in reference to a packaged device, may contain a sensor, transducer, and even some signal conditioning elementsg g
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Components for MeasurementsComponents for Measurements
• Signal Conditioning– It will take the transducer signal and modifies it to a desired
form– This optional intermediate stage might be used to perform
task such as• to increase the magnitude of the signal through g g g
amplification• to remove some portions of the signal through some
filtering techniqueg q• to provide mechanical/optical linkage between transducer
and output stage
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Components for Measurements
• Output stage– This stage provides an indication of the value of the g p
measurement. – The equipment might be a simple readout display or a marked
scale or it might contain a device that can record the signal for g glater analysis.
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Components for Measurements
• Control stage– This stage contains a controller that interprets the measured
signal and makes a decisions regarding the control of the process.
– This decision results in a change in a process parameter that effects the magnitude of the sensed value
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In process controlIn process control …
• Puts emphasis on the four (4) major control variables in process control, P,L,F,T needed for implementation of automatic control.implementation of automatic control.
• Allows the application of transmitters, controller, and recorders in the control loop to achieve a required
lcontrol.• Allows investigation on the limitations of
instruments for process control and the importance instruments for process control, and the importance of correct measurements, in a control system.
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Signal conditioning : Digital I/OsSignal conditioning : Digital I/OsSignal conditioning : Digital I/OsSignal conditioning : Digital I/Os
Output terminal4-20mA
DCS
Output terminalblock
To clientPC
24VDC
Digital output fromDCS
24VDC
alve Open command
Digital inputto DCS
24VDC
Input terminalblock
24VDC24VDC
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Signal conditioning : Analog I/OsSignal conditioning : Analog I/Os
DCS
Signalconditioner
Input terminalblock
To clientPC
4-20mA
Pressure transmitter
0-10V4-20mA
Flow transmitter
4-20mA
SignalO t t t i l
Temperature transmitter
4-20mA
DCS
Signalconditioner
Output terminalblock
To clientPC
0-10V4-20mA
4-20mA
Control valve 14-20mA
Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 1919EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control SystemsControl valve 2
S l i f P ISelection of Process Instruments
The influential factors that determine the selection of process instruments
• Size or Range
pfor process plant
• Certification by Government A i• Operating Conditions
• Cost• Compatibility
Agencies• Maintenance Capability• Confidence, Known Past
P fp y
• Standardisation• Delivery• Life Expectancy
Performance• Design Features• Supplier Backup. Credibility
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p y
End of Lecture notes on Basic Concepts of Measurements
Questions?Questions?
Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 2121EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems