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Chemistry

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Bonding in Metals

You have probably seen decorative fences, railings, or weathervanes made of a metal called wrought iron. In this section, you will learn how metallic properties derive from the way that metal ions form bonds with one another.

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Bonding in Metals >

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Metallic Bonds and Metallic Properties

Metallic Bonds and Metallic Properties

How can you model the valence electrons of metal atoms?

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Bonding in Metals > Metallic Bonds and Metallic Properties

The valence electrons of metal atoms can be modeled as a sea of electrons.

The valence electrons are mobile and can drift freely from one part of the metal to another.

Metallic bonds consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions.

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Bonding in Metals > Metallic Bonds and Metallic Properties

Metals are ductile—that is, they can be drawn into wires.

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Bonding in Metals > Metallic Bonds and Metallic Properties

A force can change the shape of a metal. A force can shatter an ionic crystal.

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Bonding in Metals > Animation 9

Animation 9 See how metallic bonding explains some physical properties of metals.

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Bonding in Metals >

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Crystalline Structure of Metals

Crystalline Structure of Metals

How are metal atoms arranged?

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Bonding in Metals > Crystalline Structure of Metals

These tomatoes have a closed-packed arrangement. Similar arrangements can be found in the crystalline structure of metals.

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Bonding in Metals > Crystalline Structure of Metals

Metal atoms are arranged in very compact and orderly patterns.

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Bonding in Metals >

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Alloys

Alloys

Why are alloys important?

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Bonding in Metals > Alloys

Alloys are mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.

Alloys are important because their properties are often superior to those of their component elements.

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Bonding in Metals > Alloys

Bicycle frames are often made of titanium alloys that contain aluminum and vanadium.

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Bonding in Metals > Alloys

The most important alloys today are steels. Steels have a wide range of useful properties, such as corrosion resistance, ductility, hardness, and toughness.

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