Chapter 1staff without background...Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer...

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Chapter 1

Parts of

Speech

1-2© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer

Why “Business” English?

In business, the more professional you appear, the more likely you are to succeed. A businessperson’s perception of you includes the way you communicate orally and in written form.

We don’t do poetry here; we just concentrate on those things that will make you appear professional in your business communications. These include:

Grammar Number styleSpelling CapitalizationVocabulary PunctuationUsage

1-3

You can become an expert by

learning where to find answers. You

will need these books:

• A current college-levelor desk dictionary

• A good office reference manual-Gregg Reference Manual

• Your textbook

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer

Interjections

Conjunctions

Prepositions

Adverbs

Adjectives

Verbs

Pronouns

Nouns

The Eight

Parts of

Speech


Nouns name persons, places, things, qualities, feelings, concepts, activities, and measures.

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Persons Ryan, Angelica, employees

Places San Francisco, Hawaii, Europe

Things pizza, popcorn, surfboard

Qualities reliability, flexibility, patience

Feelings happiness, anger, confusion

Concepts communication, productivity

Activities working, snowboarding, dancing

Measures day, week, inch, kilometer


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To test for a noun,

use the word with

the verb is or are.

Try these nouns with is or are.

• Laurie is . . . .

• Managers are . . . .

• Initiative is . . . .


Pronouns replace nouns. Use them for efficiency and variety.

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• Without pronouns, sentences sound like

this:

Matt said that Matt must find Matt’s keys

before Matt can leave for work.

• How would this sentence sound with

pronouns?

Matt said that he must find his keys before

he can leave for work.


Verbs express an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.

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• Kim drove her car to work. (Action)

• Kim has a bicycle too. (Occurrence)

• Her bicycle is white. (State of being)

• Three kinds of verbs:

• Action verbs

• Linking verbs

• Helping verbs


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Action

Verb

Tells what the subject does;

includes physical and

mental action

EXAMPLES

dances,

decides,

works, praises

Linking

Verb

Joins to the

sentence words that

describe the subject

of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

is, are, was, were,

am, appears,

seems, feels,

smells, tastes, looks


Linking

Verb

Joins to the

sentence words that

describe the subject

of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

(forms of to be)is, are, was, were, am

(perceptions)

appears, seems, feels,

smells, tastes, looks

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Helping

VerbUsed to create verb

phrases

EXAMPLES

is, are, was,

were, am, could,

would, should,

do, does


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To test for a verb, try

the word with a noun.

Try several action and linking verbs

with this expression.

The manager(s) _________________.

Make sense?

The manager speaks, the manager

decides, and so forth.


Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. They answer the questions What kind? How many?

and Which one?

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• A good student submitted excellent work.

(What kind?)

• Our manager bought two laptops and one

printer. (How many?)

• This printer is expensive. (Which one?)

The words a, an, and the form a special

group of adjectives called articles.


Adverbs describe or limit verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They answer such questions as

When? How? Where? and To what extent?

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• Yesterday the printer jammed

repeatedly. (When and how?)

• The restaurant is over there. (Where?)

• We were served very quickly. (How and

to what extent?)

To help you remember the function of an adverb, think of its two syllables: ad meaning

to add to or amplify the meaning of a verb.


Prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in sentences. For example,

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The truck was driven

by Kim.

for Kim.

to Kim.

with Kim.

around Kim.

over Kim.

Notice how prepositions change the

relationship between Kim and the verb. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Business English, 11e, by Mary Ellen Guffey and Carolyn Seefer

1-16

How many

prepositions do you

see in the following

sentence?

After the accident Kim went to

Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.


Conjunctions connect words or groups of words. The coordinating conjunctions are:

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Pizza and tacos are Kim’s

favorites, but she also enjoys

gyros. Kim left the café, for

she didn’t like the food.

• and

• or

• nor

• but

• so (used casually)

• yet (used occasionally)

• for ( little old fashioned,

takes place of “because”)


Interjections show surprise, disbelief, or strong feeling.

1-18

Oops, I can’t believe I forgot

the attachment again!

Wow! Did you feel that tremor?


TIP

1-19

The same word can function as different

parts of speech depending on how it is

used in a sentence. Consider the word

service.

• We received good servicehere. (Noun)

• He operates a service station. (Adjective)

• Did you service your car? (Verb)


NamersNouns Name things

Pronouns Rename things

Performers VerbsShow action or link words

Describers

AdjectivesDescribe nouns and

pronouns

AdverbsDescribe verbs, adjectives,

adverbs

ConnectorsPrepositions

Join nouns, pronouns to

sentence

Conjunctions Connect words

Exclaimers Interjections Show strong feeling


1-21

Identify the

part of speech

for each word

in the following

sentence.

TRY YOUR SKILL

1. Kim becomes angry

when she receives

spam messages.

Kim (noun)

becomes (verb)

angry (adjective)

when (conjunction)

she (pronoun)

receives (verb)

spam (adjective)

messages (noun)


1-22

TRY YOUR SKILL

2. Ryan was upset, but he

quickly solved the

problem.

Ryan (noun)

was (verb)

upset (adjective)

but (conjunction)

he (pronoun)

quickly (adverb)

solved (verb)

the (article-adjective)

problem (noun)

Identify the

part of speech

for each word

in the following

sentence.


1-23

TRY YOUR SKILL

3. They worked carefully

on a big project.

They (pronoun)

work (verb)

carefully (adverb)

on (preposition)

a (article-adjective)

big (adjective)

project (noun)

Identify the

part of speech

for each word

in the following

sentence.


1-24

TRY YOUR SKILL

4. Kim and Ryan

prepared two

persuasive proposals.

Kim (noun)

and (conjunction)

Ryan (noun)

prepared (verb)

two (adjective)

persuasive (adjective)

proposals (noun)

Identify the

part of speech

for each word

in the following

sentence.


2-25

TRY YOUR SKILL

5. Wow! The work for the

project is very hard.

Wow! (interjection)

The (adjective–article)

work (noun)

for (preposition)

the (adjective-article)

project (noun)

is (verb)

very (adverb)

hard (adjective)

Identify the

part of speech

for each word

in the following

sentence.


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