Chapter Wise Jan 2008 July2010

8/6/2019 Chapter Wise Jan 2008 July2010

1/9

1

1. Graphics Hardware

January-2008 [12]1.a) What are frame buffers? What are its applications? [4]e) Differentiate between the two graphics standard GKS and PHIGS. [4]7.b) Explain what is interlacing? [4]

July-2008 [5]2.a) Describe briefly the construction of a colour monitor. [5]

January-2009 [14]1.d) Describe the use of anti-aliasing in raster display devices. [4]f) Explain, why RGB color model is used for display? [4]6.c) What is interlacing? Explain the utility of interlacing in display systems. [6]July-2009 [0]

January-2010 [10]1.d) Compare and contrast Random Scan Display to Raster Scan Display. [4]7. Write short notes ona) Flat panel displays [6]

July-2010 [4]

1.b) Describe what is meant by aliasing in computer graphics. What does antialiasing

mean? [4]

2. Transformation and Projections

January-2008 [28]1.c) Prove that distance between two point-objects is invariant with respect to reflection and

translation transformations. [4]2.a) Illustrate the general Brasenhams algorithm to plot a line from (0, 0) to (-8, -4). [10]b) Compute the points at infinity for the following parallel lines:

x + y = 1 x + y = 0 [4]c) Explain orthographic projection of a slashed cube on x = 0, y = 0 and z = 0. [4]6.b) Explain the process of anti-alliasing in display graphics. [6]

July-2008 [25]1.


2/9

2

a) What do you mean by homogeneous co-ordinates? How has it simplified 2Dtransformations? [4]

2.b) Give the pixel positions of the line joining the ports (3, 4) and (10, 9). [7]c) Derive the transformation matrix for the operations performed in the given sequence,

translation, rotation, scaling. [6]

3.a) What do you mean by perspective projection? How are vanishing points generated? [5]b) Write the transformation matrices for rotation about origin in 3D. [3]

January-2009 [28]1.a) What are homogeneous co-ordinates and what are its merits and demerits as related to

computer graphics? [4]2.a) Explain the integer Bresenhams line draw algorithm in two dimensions. Plot the trace of

the line joining the following end points (-8, -4) and (6, 9). [8]c) Show that mid point of a line is invariant with scaling transformation. [6]3.a) Describe parallel projection. Show all parallel projection of cube of unit side. [6]c) Derive the transformation matrix for reflection about x-axis.6.b) Describe oblique projections and display different type of oblique projections with

examples. [4]

July-2009 [23]1.a) What is the relationship between the rotations R, R- and R

-1? [4]

c) Distinguish between the perspective projection and the parallel projection. [4]2.a) What steps are needed to draw a line whose slope is between 0 and 45

using

Bresenhams algorithm.

b) Consider a rectangle ABCD in the figure given below. Apply the following transformationson rectangle ABCD:i) Rotate the rectangle ABCD with 90 degree in clockwise direction with respect to

the point (2,2).ii) Magnify the rotated figure twice to its size in X-direction and half to its size in Y-

direction keeping point A (2,2) as fixed point.

D(2,6)

B(8,2)

C(8,6)

A(2,2)

X

Y


3/9


4/9

4

1.b) How are codes of the regions assigned in the Cohen-Sutherland algorithm? [4]3.c) Explain the Cyrus-Beck algorithm for clipping a line with respect to a rectangular

window. [10]

January-2009 [14]1.g) What is clipping? Differentiate it from windowing. [4]2.b) How is clipping done in three dimensional domains? [4]4.b) Differentiate Cohen Sutherland algorithm with Cyrus-beck algorithm. [6]

July-2009 [4]1.g) How is Cyrus-Beck algorithm better than Cohen-Sutherland algorithm? [4]

January-2010 [6]6.

c) Enumerate the region codes for visibility of an object with respect to a two-dimensionalclipping window. [6]

July-2010 [9]3.b) Consider a window (XL, XR, YB, YT) = (-1,2,-2,-2), clip the line segment joining two points

P1 =(-3/2, 1/2) and P2 =(1,5/2) using the Cohen-Sutherland algorithm. [9]

4. Hidden Line and Surface Removal

January-2008 [16]5.

c) Describe the steps of computations of hidden surface by using Area subdivision method.[6]

7.a) Illustrate the process of Z- buffer algorithm for the following:

The rectangle with corner coordinates P1(10,5,10), P2(10,25,10), P3(25,25,10) andP4(25,5, 10) and the triangle with vertices P5(15,15,15), P6(25,25,5) and P7(30,10,5).

[10]July-2008 [0]

January-2009 [16]4.a) What are hidden lines and surface? Explain the mechanism of removing hidden

surfaces. [6]

7.c) Explain z-buffer algorithm, apply it for following:

Rectangle with corner points p1(10, 5, 10), p2(10, 25, 10), p3(25, 25, 10) andp4(25, 5, 10) and the triangle with corner points p5(15, 15, 15), p6(25, 25, 5)and p7(30, 10, 5). [10]

July-2009 [14]3.a) Explain the Z-buffer algorithm for removing hidden surfaces. [8]7. Write short notes on any three of the following:


5/9

5

a) Depth-Sorting Method [6]

January-2010 [22]1.d) Mention advantages and disadvantages of Z-buffer algorithm. [4]5.a) Describe the Z-buffer algorithm. For what types of scenarios Z-buffer does not perform

well. [9]b) Describe how hidden surface removal and projection are integrated into ray tracing

process. [9]

July-2010 [6]4.b) Write the painters algorithm for the hidden surface removal. What difficulties are

encountered in implementing the painters algorithm? [6]

5. Curves and Surface

January-2008 [22]1.d) What is a spline curve? Explain the role of blending function to plot a spline curve. [4]5.a) What is Bezier surface? Plot a cubic Bezier surface with seven control points. [6]b) Explain the role of surface revolution. [6]6.c) Describe the role of geometric curves in Font generation. [6]

July-2008 [10]1.e) Why is parametric curve preferred over other forms of curves, in computer graphics? [4]4.a) What do you mean by B-spline? Give its properties. [6]

January-2009 [17]5.b) Derive the equation for a cubic form of Bezier curve. How are B-spline curves different

from Bezier curves? [9]6.a) Explain the algorithm to plot the circle and represent the steps to plot a circle of radius 20

and centre (0, 0). [8]

July-2009 [20]1.f) What is the difference between B-Spline Curve and Bezier Curve? [4]3.

b) Show that the Bezier form of the curve segment isQ(t) = (1-t)

3P1 + 3t(1-t)

2P2 + 3t

2(1-t)P3 + t

3P4

where the coefficients are Bernstein polynomials. [10]7. Write short notes on any three of the following:b) B-Spline Curves and Surfaces [6]

January-2010 [6]6.a) What is Bezier surface? Plot a cubic Bezier surface with seven control points. [6]


6/9

6

July-2010 [14]6.a) Derive the basis matrix for Bezier curves and hence give the blending functions. [8]b) What do you mean by B-Sphere curve? What are its advantages over Bezier curves? [6]

6. Light and Shading Models

January-2008 [18]3.a) Describe different models used for illumination. How do you design surface normal

vector. Explain its importance. [6]c) Explain Phong shading model, how it overcomes the problem of Gouraud shading

problem. [6]6.a) Compute the illumination of specular model for following:

n =j , L= -i +2j k , S= i +3/2 j + 1/2 k [6]

July-2008 [14]1.c) Explain flat shading model. What are its short comings? [4]d) Describe briefly ray tracing technique for rendering an object. [4]4.b) What do you mean by shading model? Explain Phong shading model. [6]

January-2009 [13]5.a) What is rendering? Describe Phong shading model for rendering polygon surface. How is

it superior to Gouraud shading model? [9]7.a) What is illumination? Explain the model used for illumination. [4]

July-2009 [16]4.c) Describe the Phong Shading model for rendering polygon surface. How is it better than

Gouraud shading model? How can you enhance the speed of Phong Shading model?[10]

7. Write short notes on any three of the following:d) Interpolated Shading. [6]

January-2010 [20]1.b) Discuss the problems with interpolated shading techniques. [4]g) Explain the steps used in the process of smooth shading. [4]4.

a) Describe Gouraud shading model for rendering a polygon surface. [6]6.b) Describe different models used for illumination. How do you design surface normal

vector. Explain its importance [6]

July-2010 [8]1.e) Explain the difference between Phong Shading and Gouraud Shading. [4]f) Why is backward ray tracing preferred over forward ray tracing for computer image

rendering algorithms? [4]


7/9

7

7. Graphics Standards Open GL

January-2008 [0]

July-2008 [28]1.g) OpenGL provides three basic commands for manipulating image data, explain each

briefly. [4]4.c) Define point, line and polygon w.r.t. OpenGL [6]5.a) Explain briefly the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT). [6]b) Describe the commands in OpenGL for translation, rotation and scaling. [6]c) Explain RGBA mode of OpenGL. [6]

July-2010 [8]

7.b) In OpenGL programming, explain how you can specify lines with different widths and

lines that are stippled in various ways-dotted, dashed, drawn with alternating dots anddashes. [8]

8. Multimedia

January-2008 [34]1.b) Explain the Image morphing used in graphics animation? [4]f) Explain how MIDI files are created and what are their applications in multimedia

applications? [4]g) Why data compression is need for multimedia? [4]4.a) Describe video compression methods, what are the steps to optimize video files CD-

ROM. [6]b) Describe the JPEG compression scheme? [8]c) What is a Hypertext? Explain how it helps in presentation and use of information? [4]7.c) Explain briefly the role of multimedia authority systems? [4]

July-2008 [40]1.f) Explain briefly JPEG compression technique. [4]

6.a) Define multimedia. What are the hardware components required for multimedia? [4]b) What do you mean by hypertext? Explain its utility. [4]c) How can we simulate acceleration in animation? Give the expressions for acceleration

and de-acceleration. [10]

7.a) What do you mean by morphing? What are the requirements for performing this

operation? [4]


8/9

8

b) Explain tweening and tweaking processes as employed in computer graphics. [6]c) Describe in brief multimedia authoring system. [8]

January-2009 [28]1.b) List the use of data compression to multimedia systems. [4]c) Explain, how MIDI files are created and what are their roles in multimedia applications?

[4]e) What are the multimedia authoring tools, describe their applications. [4]

3.b) What is a hypertext? Explain the use of hypertext in presentation of information. [6]

4.c) Explain the major characteristics of digital audio. [6]

7.b) What is JPEG? How it is different from BMP and GIF files? [4]

July-2009 [56]1.b) Explain the term computer animation. What are the checks required when an animation is

loaded on the web? [4]d) What is meant by twinning and morphing? [4]e) Why data compression is needed for multimedia? What is the difference between lossy

and lossless compression? [4]

4.a) What is a Hypertext? Explain how it helps in presentation and use for information. [4]b) Explain the various types of images used for video encoding in MPEG. [4]

5.

a) The following character string is to be transmitted using Huffman encoding:ABACADABACADABACABAB

i) Derive the Huffman code treeii) Determine the savings in transmission bandwidth over the normal ASCII and

binary coding. [12]b) Describe the principles of TIFF and its application domain. [6]

6.a) Identify the main features of the MIDI standard and its associated messages. [6]b) Identify and explain the meaning of the key parameters associated with application QoS.

[6]c) Explain why most data networks operate in a pocket mode. Hence explain why services

involving audio and video are supported. [6]

January-2010 [32]1.e) What is Kinematics and Dynamics in terms of animation? [4]f) Describe the importance of compression in multimedia system. Compare and contrast

JPEG and MPEG techniques. [4]3.


9/9

9

a) What do you mean by digital audio? Synchronization of audio and video streams isimportant for multimedia communication? Why? What is the method for suchsynchronization? [6]

b) What is RAID technology and what advantages does it offer as a medium for storage anddelivery of multimedia related data? [6]

c) Define multimedia, hypertext and hypermedia. How are these related? [6]

7. Write short notes onb) Morphing [6]

July-2010 [36]1.d) How large would the 24-bit TIFF file of an 8.5 x 11 inch 300 dpi scanned image be? [4]g) What are the disadvantages of MIDI over digital audio? What are the audio file formats

for the internet? [4]

4.c) What is Hypertext? Explain how information is represented using hypertext. [6]

5.

a) Discuss the role of keyframes in the tweening process. What compromises are inevitablyinvolved? What type of animation is particularly appropriate for tweening? In what casesis it inappropriate? [8]

b) How can we simulate acceleration in animation? Give the expression for acceleration anddeacceleration. [10]

7.c) What do you mean by multimedia authoring tools? [4]

Chapter Wise Jan 2008 July2010

Documents

Transcript of Chapter Wise Jan 2008 July2010