Chapter 19: China’s Contacts with the Outside World

CH 18 PREVIEWCH 18 PREVIEW

Review the directions with them. Assign half of the Review the directions with them. Assign half of the students to complete each side of the T-chart. When students to complete each side of the T-chart. When students have completed their lists, direct them to students have completed their lists, direct them to find someone who has argued the opposite point of find someone who has argued the opposite point of view and to add that person’s arguments to the otherview and to add that person’s arguments to the other side of their T-charts. side of their T-charts. Then explain that in this lesson, they will learn that throughout China’s history there has been an argument about whether to have an open- or closed-door policy toward foreigners. Sometimes China opened its doors to foreign trade and visitors. At other times it slammed them shut and tried to isolate itself from the rest of the world..

19.2 Foreign Contacts Under the Tang Dynasty 206-7

The influences of Traders and Visitorso Chang’an – China’s capitalo Silk road unsafe at firsto Tang’s made it safer by controlling much of

Central Asia

o Arabs, Turks, Persians, Tibetans, Indians, Jews, Koreans, and Japanese came to visit

o New ideas and products arrivedo They even started to sit in chairso Buddhism became a major part of Chinese life

Changing Attitudes o Toward end of tang dynasty foreigners and

beliefs became less welcomeo Foreign merchants became unwelcomeo Buddhist monasteries became too wealthyo By the en of the dynasty trade shifted from the

Silk Road to the seas (compass + shipbuilding)

19.3 Foreign Contacts Under the Mongols 208-209

KUBLAI KHAN 1ST Mongolian EMPEROREmpire stretched across AsiaTravel and trade expanded as never before Thriving Trade and Cultural Exchange

o Mongols encouraged cultural exchangeo Silk road safer and easier to travelo Sea trade flourished

Diamonds from India Ginger, cotton from Ceylon

o Dadu their capital is today’s Beijing

o Jamal al-Din Persian astronomer intro better instruments

The Role of Foreigners in Chinao Foreigners enjoyed high status

Did not have to pay taxeso Foreigners were named to rule Chineseo Marco Polo took 3½ years and 5,000 miles to

arrive in Dadu He wrote about his experiences

o Chinese were at bottom of social ordero Foreign Gov. officials were harsh + dishonest

19.4 Foreign Contacts under the Ming Dynasty 210-211 THE MING dynasty rebelled against Mongols and ruled

form 1368 to 1644They tried to isolate China Tributaries and Maritime Expeditions

China the oldest, largest, most civilized and the most important

Tributaries had to kowtow ( 3 times) In return for tribute officials received gifts Zheng He – “Admiral of the Western Seas”

7 expeditions from 1405 to 1433 300 ships, 27,000 men, enough food Largest – 4 decks, 9 masts w/ 12 sails + 12

watertight compartments 30 of the places became tributaries

Turning Inward

Zheng He died in 1434, new Emperor Mongols were attempting invasion again

Expeditions were stopped Money diverted to repel Mongols

New trade and travel restrictions imposed Scholar-officials created a complex government

bureaucracy – very rigid