Chapter VI - Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses...
Transcript of Chapter VI - Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses...
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Chapter VI
GPWSC: Contribution, Problems and Intervention
This chapter intended to explore the evaluation of activities responded by
beneficiaries as also problems and constraints faced by Gram Panchayat Water
Supply and Sanitation Committee members.
Since the establishment of the GPWSCs at the village level on the whole has
largely failed to achieve proper drinking water supply to the community people. It is
conveniently accepted that the GPWSCs have not been able to curve a niche for
themselves at the village level due to many problems of technical aspects of the
project. The main reason at the back was lack of proper trainings on the subject of,
technical aspects of project, invitation of bids, selection of venders, selection of
quality products, report writing etc. Some of the problems have been identified in this
section and intervention strategies also discussed. For better understanding about the
knowledge of goals of Punjab rural water supply and sanitation project and activities
of gram panchayat rural water supply and sanitation committee have been discussed
in the previous chapter. The present chapter for proper explanation and interpretation
has divided into four sub sections namely below:
• 6.1 Evaluations of activities
• 6.2 Problems and constraints faced by the GPWSC’s
• 6.3 Suggestions given by respondents
• 6.4 Intervention strategies
6.1 The Activities Done by GPWSC’s Members and Evaluated by the
Beneficiaries
The evaluation of activities is the one of the objectives of the study. The emphasis
has been given on the views collected by the beneficiaries in the form of data. The
evaluation of the activities, which were performed by the members of Gram
Panchayat Water Supply and Sanitation Committee during the implementation of the
project at village level scheme, the data of 200 respondents has been collected, from
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the beneficiaries to evaluate the activities done by GPWSC members, which is as
follows.
6.1.1 Beneficiaries Satisfaction about the GPWSC’s Performance
In this section, it has been attempted to know the extent of satisfaction of
beneficiaries. Five point scales has been used i.e. good, very good, satisfactory,
unsatisfactory and don’t know. The mentioned data in tables has been divided
between the five blocks i.e. Ropar, Morinda, Nurpur bedi, Anandpur Sahib and
Chamkaur Sahib. The purpose behind the split of data was to explore the block wise
trends to understand the level of understanding.
To explore the selected aspects of the working of GPWSCs some questions
have been asked from the beneficiaries, which include important activities performed
by the committee and those questions are as follows.
(i) Collection of beneficiaries’ shares.
(ii) Help to insure quality of products.
(iii) Maintaining ledger book and records as per World Bank norms.
(iv) To provide time to time information to the village people about the progress in
project.
(v) Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology.
(vi) Finalizing water supply bills in consultation with the community members.
(vii) Collection of water bills from beneficiaries.
(viii) Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines.
(ix) Carry out time to time survey of water quality.
The scale has been used to the beneficiaries in another section of the interview
schedule has been presented in Tables 6.1 to 6.6.
6.1.2 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Ropar
The Ropar block is also centre of the PRWSS project for district Ropar. Being
the centre of project numbers of advantages were still there like DPMC office, RWSS
department district office and all the administration offices are situated nearby. Before
the analysis of data, it’s presumed that the situation of the Ropar block in level of
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satisfaction of beneficiaries could be better comparative to the other four blocks. For
the purpose of analysis data has been presented in table 4.17 for block Ropar.
Table 6.1 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in
Block Ropar
Block Ropar Responses
Beneficiaries (N=40) Very good
Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Don’t Know
Total
Collection of beneficiaries’ shares 4 (10)
4 (10)
8 (20)
4 (10)
20 (50)
40 (100)
Help to ensure quality of products 2 (5)
6 (15)
8 (20)
2 (5)
22 (55)
40 (100)
Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank norms
2 (5)
4 (10)
10 (25)
4 (10)
20 (50)
40 (100)
To provide time to time information to the village people about the bank account balance
2 (5)
6 (15)
8 (20)
4 (10)
20 (50)
40 (100)
Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology
4 (10)
4 (10)
4 (10)
2 (5)
26 (65)
40 (100)
finalizing water supply bills in consultation of community
members
4 (10)
4 (10)
6 (15)
4 (10)
22 (55)
40 (100)
Collection of water bills from the beneficiaries
2 (5)
2 (5)
8 (20)
2 (5)
26 (65)
40 (100)
Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines
2 (5)
4 (10)
4 (10)
4 (10)
26 (65)
40 (100)
Carry out time to time survey of water quality
4 (10)
2 (5)
2 (5)
2 (5)
30 (75)
40 (100)
Total 26 (7.23)
36 (10)
58 (16.12)
28 (7.77)
212 (58.88)
360 (100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
From the analysis of the table it was found that mainstream of the respondents
58.88 percent (N-212) do not have knowledge about the activities of the GPWSC. On
the other hand only 16.12 percent (N-58) respondents chose satisfactory at the
performance of the GPWSC. Simultaneously less than one tenth (only 7.23 percent)
(N-26) responded and expressed that performance of GPWSC was very good,
strangely nearby same figure 7.77 percent thought that performance of GPWSC was
unsatisfactory. The analysis of the table presents the clear cut picture about the
performance of the GPWSC members and also shows the interest of the Beneficiaries.
Despite from the advantages like DPMC office and other co-departments the situation
of the Ropar block was very pathetic. The data also present the analysis of the
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DPMCs performance because it was the duty of the DPMC staff to make aware about
the GPWSC activities and train the GPWSC members.
6.1.3 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Morinda.
Morinda is the block of Ropar district, from the geographic point of view it’s
very near to the capital of Punjab means Chandigarh. The State Program Management
Cell (SPMC) state levels headquarter of the project is just 20 kilometers from the
Morinda block so like Ropar block the Morinda block also has number of advantages
concern to the project. To know the satisfaction level of the beneficiaries of the
Morinda block the table 4.18 review the data.
Table 6.2 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in
Block Morinda
Block Morinda Responses
Beneficiaries (N=40)
Very good
Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Don’t Know
Total
Collection of beneficiaries’ shares
9 (22.5)
7 (17.5)
6 (15)
3 (7.5)
15 (37.5)
40 (100)
Help to ensure quality of products
6 (15)
5 (12.5)
3 (7.5)
4 (10)
22 (55)
40 (100)
Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank
norms
5 (12.5)
3 (7.5)
2 (5)
5 (12.5)
25 (62.5)
40 (100)
To provide time to time information to the village people about the bank account balance
7 (17.5)
3 (7.5)
1 (2.5)
7 (17.5)
22 (55)
40 (100)
Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology
3 (7.5)
2 (5)
3 (7.5)
4 (10)
28 (70)
40 (100)
finalizing water supply bills in consultation of community
members
4 (10)
1 (2.5)
2 (5)
6 (15)
27 (67.5)
40 (100)
Collection of water bills from the beneficiaries
4 (10)
1 (2.5)
2 (5)
7 (17.5)
26 (65)
40 (100)
Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines
2 (5)
1 (2.5)
1 (2.5)
9 (22.5)
27 (67.5)
40 (100)
Carry out time to time survey of water quality
1 (10)
1 (2.5)
2 (5)
10 (25)
26 (65)
40 (100)
Total 41 (11.38)
24 (6.66)
22 (6.12)
55 (15.28)
218 (60.56)
360 (100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
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The data revealed that performance of the GPWSC members in Morinda block
have similar situation to the Ropar block. The majority more than fifty that is 60.56
percent (N-218) respondent not even heard about these activities. The 15.28 percent
respondents were unsatisfied from the performance of the GPWSC. On the other hand
only 11.38 percent respondents (N-41) felt that performance of GPWSC were very
good. The data shows that situation in terms of performance of the GPWSC of the
Morinda block was not reasonable.
6.1.4 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Nurpur Bedi.
The block Nurpur Bedi is smallest block of District Ropar so far as the
population is concerned. The Nurpur Bedi is located at the edge of the Shivalik
mountain range. So the villages are located in the semi mountain areas. In some of the
villages house to house distance is above 100 meters so the working of the GPWSCs
at this Block was a very challenging task. But during the field visit the researcher
observed that the community members of this block are keener to get safe drinking
water comparative to the others, due to non availability of safe drinking water. To
analysis the performance of the GPWSC table 4.19 shows the trends below.
Table 6.3 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in
Block Nurpur Bedi
Block Nurpur Bedi
Responses
Beneficiaries (N=40)
Very good
Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Don’t Know
Total
Collection of beneficiaries’ shares
8
(20)
10
(25)
4
(10)
1
(2.5)
17
(42.5)
40 (100)
Help to ensure quality of products
6
(15)
6
(15)
3
(7.5)
2
(5)
23
(57.5)
40 (100)
Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank
norms
5
(12.5)
7
(17.5)
4
(10)
1
(2.5)
23
(57.5)
40 (100)
To provide time to time information to the village
people about the bank account balance
4
(10)
5
(12.5)
3
(7.5)
1
(2.5)
27
(67.5)
40 (100)
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Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology
4
(10)
9
(22.5)
4
(10)
3
(7.5)
20
(50)
40 (100)
finalizing water supply bills in consultation of community
members
3
(7.5)
8
(20)
1
(2.5)
3
(7.5)
25
(62.5)
40 (100)
Collection of water bills from the beneficiaries
3
(7.5)
6
(15)
5
(12.5)
5
(12.5)
21
(52.5)
40 (100)
Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines
2
(5)
4
(10)
8
(20)
2
(5)
24
(60)
40 (100)
Carry out time to time survey of water quality
4
(10)
5
(12.5)
8
(20)
1
(2.5)
22
(55)
40 (100)
Total 39
(10.83)
60
(16.67)
40
(11.11)
19
(5.28)
202
(56.11)
360
(100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
The data from the table indicates that again majority of the respondents that is
56.11percent don’t know about the activities of the GPWSC. So they were not able to
judge the performance of the GPWSC. Despite this the unsatisfactory respondents
were few in numbers i.e. only 5.28 percent (N-19). The very good performance rated
by respondents 10.83 percent and 16.67 percent respondents’ rated good performance.
In spite of the fact about constraint of geographical area the performance of the
GPWSCs is better, proportionally to recent data.
6.1.5 Level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Block Anandpur
Sahib
The Anandpur Sahib block has a respectful position in Sikh history. The
establishment of Khalsa Panth was held at Anandpur Sahib in April 13, 1699 by tenth
guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Gobind Singh. The geographical area of the Anandpur Sahib
block is same as Nurpur Bedi block and same problems occurred at this place also. To
know the accurate position about the performance of the GPWSC about Anandpur
block the analysis has been presented in table 4.20.
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Table 6.4 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance
Block Anandpur Sahib Responses
Beneficiaries (N=40)
Very good
Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Don’t Know
Total
Collection of beneficiaries’ shares 2 (5)
4 (10)
5 (12.5)
7 (17.5)
22 (55)
40 (100)
Help to ensure quality of products 3 (7.5)
3 (7.5)
7 (17.5)
7 (17.5)
20 (50)
40 (100)
Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank norms
2 (5)
4 (10)
3 (7.5)
5 (12.5)
26 (65.5)
40 (100)
To provide time to time information to the village people about the bank account balance
1 (2.5)
2 (5)
3 (7.5)
6 (15)
28 (70)
40 (100)
Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology
3 (7.5)
1 (2.5)
2 (5)
4 (10)
30 (75)
40 (100)
finalizing water supply bills in consultation of community
members
3 (7.5)
1 (2.5)
1 (2.5)
5 (12.5)
30 (75)
40 (100)
Collection of water bills from the beneficiaries
2 (5)
3 (7.5)
4 (10)
6 (15)
25 (62.5)
40 (100)
Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines
1 (2.5)
2 (5)
4 (10)
7 (17.5)
26 (65.5)
40 (100)
Carry out time to time survey of water quality
1 (2.5)
1 (2.5)
1 (2.5)
7 (17.5)
30 (75)
40 (100)
Total 18 (5)
21 (5.83)
30 (8.33)
54 (15)
237 (65.84)
360 (100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
The analysis of the table indicates that situation of Anandpur Sahib was same
as other blocks of the Ropar district. The majority of the respondents 65.84 percent
have same opinion that they have no knowledge about activities of the project. The
positive opinion about the performance of GPWSCs only 5 percent respondents chose
to vote very good and same 5.83 percent in favour of good. Other side 15 percent
respondents reject the efforts of GPWSC and mentioned unsatisfactory.
6.1.6 Level of satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance at Block Chamkaur
Sahib
The Chamkaur Sahib block is another block of Ropar district where the Punjab
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation chose the villages for providing safe drinking
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water scheme. To understand the performance of GPWSCs at Chamkour Sahib block,
data in table 4.21 presents the real picture.
Table 6.5 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in
Chamkaur Sahib
Block Chamkaur Sahib Responses
Beneficiaries (N=40)
Very good
Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Don’t Know
Total
Collection of beneficiaries’ shares
4 (10)
3 (7.5)
2 (5)
6 (15)
25 (62.5)
40 (100)
Help to ensure quality of products 4 (10)
3 (7.5)
4 (10)
5 (12.5)
24 (50)
40 (100)
Maintaining ledger books and records as per World Bank norms
3 (7.5)
2 (5)
5 (12.5)
6 (15)
24 (60)
40 (100)
To provide time to time information to the village people about the bank account balance
3 (7.5)
3 (7.5)
3 (7.5)
4 (10)
27 (67.5)
40 (100)
Help to choose feasible and cost effecting technology
2 (5)
2 (5)
5 (12.5)
2 (5)
29 (72.5)
40 (100)
finalizing water supply bills in consultation of community
members
2 (5)
1 (2.5)
4 (10)
2 (5)
31 (77.5)
40 (100)
Collection of water bills from the beneficiaries
1 (2.5)
4 (10)
3 (7.5)
3 (7.5)
29 (72.5)
40 (100)
Time to time repair of machines or pipe lines
3 (7.5)
1 (2.5)
2 (5)
1 (2.5)
33 (82.5)
40 (100)
Carry out time to time survey of water quality
2 (5)
3 (7.5)
1 (2.5)
3 (7.5)
31 (77.5)
200 (100)
Total 24 (6.68)
22 (6.12)
29 (8.05)
32 (8.88)
253 (70.27)
360 (100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
The data from the table indicates worst situation in the entire district. Merely
70.27 percent (N-253) respondents were unaware about the activities of the GPWSCs.
The 6.68 percent respondents chose the very good option and the same 6.12 percent
says good. On the other hand 8.88 percent respondents’ opinions were unsatisfactory
about the working of the GPWSCs, which was more than good and very good options.
It is evident from the table that the working of the GPWSCs was not up to the mark as
required and expected for the fruitful completion of the project.
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6.1.7 Level of satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance in Ropar District.
To get better understanding and the satisfaction level about the working of
GPWSCs in the entire Ropar district, the data has been compiled from all the other
blocks. The data from the table helps to understand the overall performance of the
GPWSCs in the whole Ropar District. The data also reflects the efforts made by the
Government apparatus for capacity building of the GPWSCs. The table 4.22 below
shows the beneficiaries satisfaction about the performance of the GPWSCs.
Table 6.6 Beneficiaries level of Satisfaction about GPWSCs Performance of
Ropar District.
(Ropar District) Blocks
Beneficiaries (N=40 each block) Very good
Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Don’t Know
Total
Ropar 26 (7.23)
36 (10)
58 (16.12)
28 (7.77)
212 (58.88)
360 (100)
Morinda 41 (11.38)
24 (6.66)
22 (6.12)
55 (15.28)
218 (60.56)
360 (100)
Nurpur Bedi 39 (10.83)
60 (16.67)
40 (11.11)
19 (5.28)
202 (56.11)
360 (100)
Anandpur Sahib 18 (5)
21 (5.83)
30 (8.33)
54 (15)
237 (65.84)
360 (100)
Chamkaur Sahib 24 (6.68)
22 (6.12)
29 (8.05)
32 (8.88)
253 (70.27)
360 (100)
Total 148 (8.22)
163 (9.06)
179 (9.94)
188 (10.44)
1122 (62.34)
1800 (100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
The analysis of the table presents the obvious picture of GPWSC’s
performance in the entire Ropar District. The figure 62.34 percent respondents say
they can’t judge the performance of the GPWSCs because they don’t even have
knowledge about the functions of the GPWSCs. This also shows the seriousness level
of the members of the GPWSCs. The data also gives the unenthusiastic reflection
about the efforts made by District Program Management Cell. The only 8.22 percent
respondents’ caste their opinion ‘very good’ which is lowest percentage in the whole
table after that 9.06 percent chose the ‘good’ options to rate the performance which is
second lowest percentage in the scale. On the other side 10.44 percent respondents
gave their negative opinion that means ‘unsatisfactory’ and this is the second highest
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percentage of the table. From the analysis of the table it’s proved that working of the
GPWSCs in the entire district was not up to the mark as much it’s required in the
successfully completion of the project.
6.2 Problems and Constraints faced by GPWSC’s
6.2.1 The Problems of the GPWSC’s as Perceived by the Members
Ideally speaking the GPWSCs has been created at the village level for the
participation of each and every section of the community and make them self reliant
in the cause of safe drinking water. But ironically, these committees instead of
helping to provide safe drinking water and participation of the large population of the
community becomes the source of panchayat politics at the village level, which
creates the problem of low interest of the committee members and leads to less
participation in the meetings, group-ism in the committee. To collect the exact
information from the GPWSCs members three point scale has been used i.e. low, high
and moderate and asked some important questions regarding the problems of
committee members which is mentioned in the Table 4.18.
Table 6.7 The Problems of the GPWSCs Perceived By GPWSC’s.
Responses GPWSCs Members (N=100)
Low Moderate High Total Lack of interest of the members in the functioning of the GPWSCs 12
(12) 10
(10) 78
(78) 100
(100) Members do not attend the meetings 20
(20) 17
(17) 63
(63) 100
(100) Election process of the members not sufficient 27
(27) 12
(12) 61
(61) 100
(100) Only chairman is the overall authority of the committee 8
(8) 25
(25) 67
(67) 100
(100) No incentives to the members 40
(40) 40
(40) 20
(20) 100
(100) Don’t have knowledge about the functioning of committee 5
(5) 10
(10) 85
(85) 100
(100) Group-ism among the village people 12
(12) 23
(23) 65
(65) 100
(100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
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The present analysis provides the clear cut picture about the problem within
the committee members. The scale used in present table i.e. low, moderate and high
helps to make out the real feeling of the members about the problems of the
committee. The majority 78 percent of the GPWSC’s members respond high in
response of lack of the interest of the members about the functioning of GPWSC’s,
only 10 percent respond moderate and 12 percent low. This shows that the members
of committee are always busy in their day to day activities and did not take it serious
about the role and responsibilities of the committee. The members do not attend the
meetings 63 percent respond high, 17 percent moderate and 20 percent respond low;
again from this analysis it shows that due to lack of interest in the activities of the
GPWSC committee members do not attend the meetings. The responses about the
selection process of the committee members’ 61 percent respondents were high. Its
shows that the members of the committee are also not satisfied about the procedure
which was followed to select the committee members. It can be the main reason why
the members did not participate in the activities of the committee. The present
sarpanch of the community is the chairman of the committee and the chairman is the
overall authority of the committee 67 percent responds are high in this concern, 12
percent moderate and 27 percent low. Other important aspect, which can be a
motivation for the committee members is no incentive given to the members
surprisingly only 20 percent respond high in this matter rest is 40 percent moderate
and again 40 percent is low. It makes clear that the committee members are not
bothered about the honorarium. The analysis also present the shocking figures that the
committee members do not have knowledge about the functioning of the committee
majority 85 percent respond high, 10 percent moderate and only 5 percent low. The
analysis also raises the figure about the functioning of the DPMC (District Program
Management Cell), which is reliable to train the committee members about the role
and responsibilities of the members. The analysis about the groupism in the village
people shows that 65 percent respond high, 23 percent moderate and only 12 percent
is low. It is the major reason behind the local people divided in political groups
between the ruling party and opposition party and the main aim of safe drinking water
is nobody’s concern. It is none of both party’s agenda.
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6.2.2 The Technical Problems Faced by the GPWSC’s
This section provides the imperative knowledge about the problem faced by
GPWSCs due to non technical knowledge of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Project. The lack of technical knowledge about the project is one of the
major obstacles for non proper functioning of this project. The project has provision
for distribution of technical manual for the committee members which is not sufficient
for better functioning of this project. So they also have provision of technical training
to the committee members on very sensitive matters like invitation of bids, evaluation
of bids and award of bids for the vendors. The others technical problems are like
joining and laying of pipes, quality of the products, standards of material for
construction of water storage tank etc. The technical training to the committee
members has been provided as per the project guidelines. The Table 4.18 shows the
analysis of the training and its impact on the committee members. The response “Yes”
considered that training has been given on such topic and “No” for no training has
been given on that topic.
Table 6.8 The Technical Problems Faced by the GPWSCs.
Responses GPWSCs Members (N=100)
Yes No Total Invitation of Bids 5
(5) 95
(95) 100
(100) Evaluation of Bids 2
(2) 98
(98) 100
(100) Award of Bids 2
(2) 98
(98) 100
(100) Joining and laying of pipes 3
(3) 97
(97) 100
(100) Providing private house hold connections 5
(5) 95
(95) 100
(100) Repairs of pipes 3
(3) 97
(97) 100
(100) Quality of the products 1
(1) 99
(99) 100
(100) Standards of material for construction 1
(1) 99
(99) 100
(100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
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Against this scenario, an attempt has been made in this section to explore the
problems faced by the GPWSCs members due to lack of technical knowledge and
designed curriculum of training fails to make dent on the knowledge of the committee
members. The Table 4.18 shows the responses of the GPWSC members about
whether training of such topics has been given or not. The calling of tenders is one of
the difficult and technical tasks for the respondents. About the invitation of bids
majority 95 percent say no response, only 5 percent say yes and some are the
responses on evaluation of bids. 98 percent say no training has been given on such
task. The response like awards of bids same as evaluation of bids. 98 percent say no
training has been given on it. The joining and laying of the pipes is also a technical
task 97 percent response is negative regarding training on these aspects.
The project also has the task for GPWSCs members for providing house hold
water supply connections, 95 percent say they did not get training in this regard.
Concerning the repairs of pipes only 3 percent gave positive response, rest 97 percent
gave negative response. Quality of the product which could be procured from the
different vendor’s (99 percent) respondents says no, they did not get any training in
this regard. The minimum and maximum standards of the material which could be
used during the construction of water supply tank, 99 percent, had same negative
response. The majority of the GPWSCs members have no knowledge about the
technical aspects of the project and the reason behind were that the DPMC and SPMC
did not provide any training to the members which lead to technical problems faced
by the committee members.
6.2.3 The Finance Related Problems faced by the GPMSC’s
This section emphasizes on finance related problems faced by the GPMSCs.
Finance is the other essential aspect of this project and one of the difficult task
performed by the GPWSCs. The memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed
between the district program management cell (DPMC) and GPWSC make clear cut
instructions that some of the financial tasks will be performed by the committees so
that community development and self reliance to the community people at the village
level can be done. There are some following financial related activities and problems
faced by the GPWSCs.
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1. Collecting of Beneficiaries shares.
2. Maintaining Financial Register.
3. Follow up Financial Manual.
4. Preparing Financial Report.
5. Maintaining Bank Account.
To get the appropriate result three point scale has been used in the table i.e.
yes fully matter, somewhat matter and not at all the Table 4.19 shows the result of this
section
Table 6.9 The Finance Related Problems Faced by the GPWSC’s.
Problems GPWSCs Members (N=100)
Yes fully matter Somewhat matter Not at all Total
Collecting of Beneficiaries shares 60
(60)
20
(20)
20
(20)
100
(100)
Maintaining Financial Register 80
(80)
14
(14)
6
(6)
100
(100)
Follow up Financial Manual 85
(85)
13
(13)
2
(2)
100
(100)
Preparing Financial Report 75
(75)
15
(15)
10
(10)
100
(100)
Maintaining Bank Accounts 60
(60)
25
(25)
15
(15)
100
(100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
It is clear from the analysis from Table 4.19 that the major focus is on the
financial problem faced by the GPWSCs. The very first problem collection of
beneficiaries’ shares shows that respondent 60 percent respondents say that this
problem is fully matter, 20 percent somewhat and 20 percent not at all. The other
important aspects of the financial tasks i.e. maintaining financial register 80 percent
cast yes fully matter another 14 percent says somewhat matter and only 20 percent
respond not at all.
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The financial manual of the project is well drafted professionally but the
language that is used in it can be understood only by the person who is trained in
finance related activities or academically qualifies in finance related subject. But the
GPWSCs members are not as much professionally qualified as required to understand
and follow that financial manual so the follow up and the financial manual becomes a
problem for the GPWSCs, 85 percent responded that its fully matter, other 13percent
respond somewhat matter and only 2 percent respond not at all.
Preparing financial report by the GPWSCs members is another important task
as well problem for the GPWSCs members because preparing report is another
professionally qualified task and no training has been so designed that the committee
members could perform this task easily. For that matter majority 75 percent respond
that it’s fully matter, 15 percent respond somewhat and only 10 percent respond not at
all.
Last but not the least problem faced by the GPWSCs is maintaining bank
account in the name of GPWSC, 60 percent respond fully matter, 25 percent respond
somewhat matter and 15 percent respond not at all.
6.2.4 Co-operation Relating Problems Faced by the GPWSC’s
The project is designed to self reliant the community people in issue of safe
drinking water. The formation of GPWSC provides a platform to every section of the
village to work under one roof so that the community development through
community participation can be done. Thus the co-operation of the community
people, GPWSC members, rural water supply department and District program
management cell is very significant for effective working of the GPWSCs, but when
the co-operation from these bodies is not well as required then it becomes a problem
for the GPWSCs members. This section provides the transparent response from the
respondents in Table 4.20.
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Table 6.10 Co-operation Relating Problems Faced by the GPWSCs.
GPWSCs Members (N=100) Co-operation of the village people
Problems Fully cooperated
Somewhat Cooperated
Not at all
Total
Collection of beneficiaries Shares 5 (5)
10 (10)
85 (85)
100 (100)
Selection of land for Scheme 20 (20)
32 (32)
48 (48)
100 (100)
Providing House hold connection 39 (39)
21 (21)
40 (40)
100 (100)
Deciding monthly bills water supply 11 (11)
19 (19)
70 (70)
100 (100)
Co-operation from Rural water supply and sanitation department (RWSS) Selection of Scheme 75
(75) 15
(15) 10
(10) 100
(100) Technical aspects of project 15
(15) 25
(25) 60
(60) 100
(100) Training on Technical aspects 13
(13) 15
(15) 72
(72) 100
(100) Use of appropriate technology 25
(25) 21
(21) 54
(54) 100
(100) Co-operation from District Program Management Cell (DPMC)
Awareness about project to community
59 (59)
20 (20)
21 (21)
100 (100)
Collection of Beneficiaries Shares 9 (9)
11 (11)
80 (80)
100 (100)
Maintaining liaison between GPWSC, RWSS and SPMC
77 (77)
13 (13)
10 (10)
100 (100)
Co-operation from fellow GPWSC Members Collection of beneficiaries Shares 27
(27) 43
(43) 30
(30) 100
(100) Selection of land for Scheme 68
(68) 29
(29) 33
(33) 100
(100) Providing House hold connection 70
(70) 19
(19) 11
(11) 100
(100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
The analysis of the problems relating to the cooperation from the different
bodies associates with this project has been done in this section. Community is the
beneficiaries of this project and project is designed for the participation of people
through the working body of GPWSC therefore the cooperation of the community
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people is well required. During the collection of beneficiaries shares cooperation by
the village people has been assessed through the scale respondents only 5 percent
fully cooperated that’s means less cooperation from the village people, 10 respond
somewhat cooperated and majority 85 percent respond not at all. Selection of land for
scheme is matter well because water supply tank will be constructed on that place so
consent of village people for common place is matter but the cooperation on that
aspect only 20 percent fully cooperated, 32 percent somewhat cooperated and
majority 48 percent not at all.
Providing house hold connection is an important task of the GPWSC. It’s a
matter on the quality and pressure level water supply for every house hold. Therefore,
full cooperation is required but the result only 39 percent respond full cooperation, 21
percent somewhat and large proportion 40 percent not at all. Deciding the rates of
monthly bills is the task that effects every section of the community as a result the
cooperation of village people required and respondent only 11 percent respond to full
cooperation. The 19 percent respondents say somewhat cooperated and majority 70
percent not at all. That means in this aspects village community has reduced amount
of cooperation given to the GPWSC, which results in problem to GPWSC.
The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department (RWSS) is one of the
important parts of the project. RWSS department is closely associated to the GPWSCs
especially the task related to technical aspects; consequently the large amount of the
cooperation is required from the department. Selection of the schemes is important
aspects. All the schemes under this project is tube well based so there are no other
options on that aspect and 75 percent respond fully cooperated, 15 percent somewhat
cooperated and only 10 percent not at all. In technical aspects of the project only 15
percent respondents, 25 percent somewhat cooperated and majority 60 percent
responded not at all. So far as training on technical aspects of the project is concerned
just 13 percent fully cooperated, 15 percent somewhat cooperated and mainstream 72
percent respond not at all. Use of appropriate technology merely 25 percent fully
cooperated, 21 percent somewhat cooperated and 54 percent widely held for not at all.
District program management cell is the most important part after the GPWSCs in this
project. The DPMC is the only body in the project, which is fully equipped with all
the resources relating to achieving the desired goals of the project. For that reason
145
cooperation is required from the DPMC. Awareness about the project to community
majority 59 percent responded fully cooperated, 20 percent somewhat and 21 percent
not at all responded. Collection of beneficiaries’ shares is overturned only 9 percent
respond fully cooperated, 11 percent somewhat cooperated and large number of
respondent 80 percent respond not at all. Maintaining liaison between GPWSC,
RWSS, SPMC analysis brings positive response 77 percent responded fully
cooperated and 13 percent somewhat cooperated and only 10 percent respond not at
all.
As it has been mentioned already mention that the GPWSC is the most
important part of the project. Thus the cooperation of fellow members is required to
achieve the desired goals of the project. The functions relating to collection of
beneficiaries, shares analysis provide the mixed response 27 percent respond fully
cooperated, 43 percent somewhat cooperated and 30 percent not at all. Selection of
land for the scheme large number of respondents 68 percent responded fully
cooperated, 29 percent responded somewhat cooperated and 33 percent not at all.
Providing the house hold connection majority 70 percent responded fully cooperated
and 19 percent somewhat cooperated and only 11 percent responded not at all.
6.3 Suggestions Furnished By the GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries.
6.3.1 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the
DPMC, SPMC and RWSS Department
This section mainly emphases on the suggestions given by the GPWSCs
member and beneficiaries of the project. The Punjab Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Project aims to provide safe drinking water with the participation of the
community people or beneficiaries. The beneficiaries play crucial part in this project,
so it is the duty of GPWSC to take suggestion through meetings and implement the
appropriate suggestions. As also the GPWSCs members can give suggestions to
DPMC and again it’s the responsibility of the DPMC to understand and take
appropriate action. The beneficiaries and GPWSC members both have grass route
level knowledge of their villages so the suggestions given by both make dent for
development of the project. The Table 4.21 shows the suggestions given by the
GPWSC members and beneficiaries to the DPMC, SPMC, and RWSS Department.
146
Table 6.11 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the
DPMC, SPMC and RWSS Department.
Suggestions GPWSC Members
Beneficiaries Total
Should aware to people about important of PRWSS Project
11 (11)
43 (21.5)
54 (18)
Technical Knowledge should be given to Beneficiaries/ GPWSC Members
11 (11)
42 (21)
53 (17.67)
Technical Manual should be provided to each GPWSC member
39 (39)
16 (8)
55 (18.33)
Training should be given to financial Management 4 (4)
26 (13)
30 (10)
Technical assistance should be provided on Operation and Management of Scheme
35 (35)
73 (36.5)
108 (36)
Total 100 (100)
200 (100)
300 (100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
In this chapter, an effort has been made to present the overall analysis of the
empirical data. The section has provided the figure about the suggestion given by the
GPWSCs members and beneficiaries of the project on the important aspects of the
project. The section firstly suggests relating to the awareness to people about
important of PRWSS Project 54 (18 percent) respondents have given priority to it. 53
(17.67 percent) responded that technical knowledge should be given to the
beneficiaries and GPWSC members. The analysis shows the data about the 55 (18.33)
technical manual should be provided to each GPWSC member. The other important
aspects 30 (10 percent) responded to that the training should be given to financial
management. Last but not the least 108 (36) technical assistance should be provided
on operation and management of Scheme.
6.3.2 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the
NGOs, World Bank and Government
As we discussed in earlier chapter regarding the suggestion that it played
crucial role in this project so, this section is targeting the suggestion given by the
GPWSCs members and beneficiaries of the project to the NGOs, World Bank and
government as well. The appropriate suggestions have been shortlisted and response
has been taken through the three point scale i.e. fully agreed, somewhat agreed, don’t
know. The Table 4.21 has been divided in to three parts the first on e represents the
suggestions given for NGOs and second part shows the suggestions given to World
147
Bank and the last part shows the suggestions given to the government. The data in the
Table 4.21 provides the overall information.
Table 6.12 Suggestions Given By GPWSC’s Members and Beneficiaries to the
NGOs, World Bank and Government.
(Part I) Suggestions Given to NGO,s
GPWSC Members Beneficiaries Total
Suggestions Fully Agreed
Some what
Agreed
Don’t know
Total Fully Agreed
Some what
Agreed
Don’t Know
Total Fully Agreed
Somewhat Agreed
Don’t know
Total
Should make people aware
about important of safe drinking
water
85 (85)
10 (10)
5 (5)
100 (100)
136 (68)
44 (22)
20 (10)
200 (100)
221 (73.67)
54 (18)
25 (8.33)
300 (100)
Should make people aware
about harm of wasting water
66 (66)
32 (32)
2 (2)
100 (100)
99 (49.5)
40 (20)
61 (30.5)
200 (100)
165 (55)
72 (24)
63 (21)
300 (100)
Should make people aware
about important of Participation in PRWSS
Project
75 (75)
21 (21)
4 (4)
100 (100)
144 (72)
40 (20)
16 (8)
200 (100)
219 (73)
61 (20.33)
20 (6.67)
300 (100)
(Part II) Suggestions given to World Bank Committee should be
given more powers
75 (75)
15 (15)
10 (10)
100 (100)
44 (22)
140 (70)
16 (8)
200 (100)
119 (39.67)
155 (51.67)
26 (8.67)
300 (100)
IEC should be more effective
at village Level
60 (60)
25 (25)
15 (15)
100 (100)
170 (85)
20 (10)
10 (5)
200 (100)
230 (76.67)
45 (15)
25 (8.33)
300 (100)
All IEC material
should be in local language
72 (72)
15 (15)
13 (13)
100 (100)
156 (78)
25 (12.5)
19 (9.5)
200 (100)
228 (76)
40 (13.33)
32 (10.67)
300 (100)
Technical trainings should be given to
Committee members
82 (82)
12 (12)
6 (6)
100 (100)
70 (35)
40 (20)
90 (45)
200 (100)
152 (50.67)
52 (17.33)
96 (32)
300 (100)
Visit tour to successful scheme
74 (74)
21 (21)
5 (5)
100 (100)
60 (30)
30 (15)
110 (55)
200 (100)
134 (44.67)
51 (17)
115 (38.33)
300 (100)
(Part III) Suggestions Given to Government GWSC
Members should be
given Honorarium
59 (59)
20 (20)
21 (21)
100 (100)
40 (20)
40 (20)
120 (60)
200 (100)
99 (33)
60 (20)
141 (47)
300 (100)
District Administration
should pay more attention to this Project
80 (80)
11 (11)
9 (9)
100 (100)
190 (95)
5 (2.5)
5 (2.5)
200 (100)
270 (90)
16 (5.33)
14 (4.67)
300 (100)
• Figures in brackets show percentage.
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Table represents the suggestions given by the GPWSC and beneficiaries of the
project. These suggestions have been given to the various important bodies like
NGOs, World Bank and Government. The data divide it in to mainly three parts
according to the suggestions given by respondents. In the (Part I) suggestions given to
the NGOs that the NGOs should make people aware to about the important of safe
drinking water greater part N=221 (73.67 percent) fully agreed, 18 percent somewhat
agreed and only 8.33 percent don’t have any information about it. N=165 (55 percent)
fully agreed about that NGOs should make people aware about harms of wasting
water, 24 percent respond somewhat agreed and 21 percent respond don’t know.
Another suggestion to the NGOs that NGOs should aware to peoples about
importance of Participation in PRWSS Project, majority of the respondents N=219
(73 percent) fully agreed, 20.33 percent responded somewhat agreed and very little
part of respondents 6.67 percent responded don’t know.
The Part II represents the suggestion given to the world bank and the first
suggestion given by respondent that the committees should be given more powers and
majority of the respondents N=155 (51.27 percent) somewhat agreed, 39.67 percent
respondents fully agreed and only 8.67 percent responded don’t know. The other
suggestion that the Information, Education, Communication should be more effective
at village Level N=230 (7667) fully agreed, 15 percent respondents somewhat agreed
and only 8.33 percent responded don’t know. The another suggestion that is given to
the World Bank is all the IEC (information, education and communication) material
should be in local language the large number of respondents N=228 (76 percent)
fully agreed, 45 percent respondents somewhat agreed and 10.67 percent respond
don’t know. The suggestions regarding that the technical training should be given to
committee members N=152 (50.67 percent) fully agreed, 17.33 percent responded
somewhat agreed and 10.67 percent responded don’t know. The important suggestion
the visit tour to the successful scheme N=134 (44.67 percent) responded fully agreed,
17 percent somewhat agreed and 38.33 percent responded don’t know.
Part III presents the analysis of the suggestions given to the government and
the first suggestion is GPWSCs members should be given honorarium. There was
contradiction has been analysis in this part is 59 percent fully agreed respondents
represent the GPWSCs and only 20 percent beneficiaries agreed with this statement
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and total majority N=141 (47 percent) don’t know respond and 60 percent somewhat
agreed and only 33 percent fully agreed. The last but important suggestion given to
the government that district administration should pay more attention to this project
majority N=270 (90 percent) respondents fully agreed and 5.33 percent respondents
somewhat agreed and only 4.67 percent did not know.
6.4 Social Work Intervention
Social work profession provides various intervention strategies to individuals,
families and groups in order to assist them with their day to day needs and issues.
Interventions are intended to aid clients in alleviating problems impeding their well-
being. The interventions used by social work professionals are those that are
identified as potentially helpful on the basis of the social work profession ongoing
assessment of the client or problem. Social work researcher, work in many different
types of settings like community organization, community participation including
rural water supply and sanitation. Professional social work now involved in the field
of drinking rural water supply and sanitation. The trend of rural water supply and
sanitation has been changed in India, since the malfunctioning of many projects
initiative by government and other partner’s. The community participation in field of
rural water supply and sanitation has been emerged in last decade thus the need of
social work intervention felt in the same. The Punjab Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Project depended on community participation, which cannot be achievable
without community participation. To achieve this objective, social work intervention
has been carried on below aspects of the Role of Gram Panchayat Rural Water Supply
and Sanitation in Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project.
1. Social Work Intervention on technical aspects.
2. Social Work Intervention to improve the level of awareness of GPWSC members
and beneficiaries.
6.4.1 Social Work Intervention on Technical Aspects
Social work professionals can use numerous techniques and methods for
improving the knowledge base of GPWSC members on various technical aspects of
150
Punjab Rural water Supply and Sanitation Project. The social work intervention has
been framed for below mention issues regarding the technical aspects of the project.
1. Knowledge about technical aspect given to GPWSC Members
2. Trained NGO staff.
3. To understand technical manual provided to GPWSC members.
4. Training given on Financial Management to GPWSC members.
5. Training given on Operation and Management to GPWSC members.
6. To generate awareness among community members about importance of water.
A. Knowledge about Technical Aspect Given to GPWSC Members
There are various issues regarding the technical aspects of Punjab Rural Water
supply and Sanitation. There is immediate need for social work intervention on
different technical issues of the project. The researcher during the research found that
awareness level regarding the technical aspects of the GPWSC members was of very
little especially in terms of invitation of bids, award of bids, jointing and lying of
pipes, providing private house hold connections, repairs of pipes. The social work
professionals can use the techniques as a motivator, educator, and mediator. The
members of GPWSC are taking every section of the community and they have their
own occupations and busy to their routine house hold works. It is very difficult to
spare time for various jobs under the project. The social worker has required
knowledge about values, traditions and customs specially occupation of the
community. The social worker can motivate the community members with their skill
to gather for taking technical training from the DPMC (District Program Management
Cell). There is another problem of liasoning between DPMC staff and GPWSC
members being the social work professional it is very much possible with their skill,
liaison can made between GPWSC members and DPMC staff. The social worker also
can work as educator because the technical staff of the DPMC cannot be departing
knowledge in local language. The social worker can make understand technical
aspects to the GPWSC members in local language. So the problem of technical
aspects can be resolved with social work intervention.
151
B. Skill Development of NGO’s Staff
The Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project especially designed to
provide safe drinking water to rural communities, where a small number of NGO’s
(Non Government Organization) working. The need of qualified NGO’s and skilled
NGO staff felt in these communities. Through the social work intervention skilled
NGO staff can be prepared as an educator for better functioning of GPWSC.
C. To Understand the Financial Management Manual to GPWSC Members
The Financial Management Manual (FMM) has been designed with a view to
build on and modernizes the current accounting system to meet the requirement of the
project. The social work intervention also required to understand financial
management to Gram Panchayat, GPWSC members for the fulfillment of this
objective social work intervention can be done through the joint group discussion
between the members of GPWSC and technical staff of the DPMC. A special training
could be organized for the members of GPWSC where all the technical aspects of the
financial management manual can be resolved.
D. Intervention required in Operation and Management (O&M) to GPWSC
members.
Operation and Management is another important issue for triumphant
functioning of the GPWSC. Operation and management is specially premeditated to
smooth functioning of the scheme, which includes the caretaking of the machine and
pump, caretaking of water storage tank and building, salary for staff, electricity bills
etc. social work intervention can be done through the special training with the help of
DPMC technical staff. The group discussion can be hold between the technical staff
panchayat members and GPWSC members to resolve the complicated aspect of the
operation and management.
2. Social Work Intervention to improve the level of awareness of GPWSC
members and beneficiaries of the PRWSS project.
The core objective of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project
was to made rural population self reliant in field of water supply and sanitation. The
152
project was brilliantly designed to implement in rural areas of Punjab. During the field
work for the purpose of data collection the researcher found that the implementation
of the project in communities was not up to mark. The awareness level of about the
activities of project and role of GPWSC members and importance of beneficiaries’
participation was below average. The need of social work intervention required to
improve the level of awareness among the GPWSC members and beneficiaries about
the role of GPWSC and importance of beneficiaries’ participation in the project. The
social work intervention was arranged at multiple levels as following.
A. To generate awareness among the GPWSC members and beneficiaries
about the importance of drinking water.
Social work intervention is required to a great extent about generating
awareness among the GPWSC members on the importance of drinking water on
aspects like improving the availability of drinking water, water quality and
contamination including diarrhea and other major diseases and water safety indicators
and treatment. The professional social worker intervention can be done through
following methods.
i. Educational Groups
ii. Advocacy
iii. Demonstration
iv. Tours to model village
I. Educational Groups
The social work intervention through the educational groups can be dent the
carelessness in relation to safe drinking water. During the research the researcher
found that the level of awareness of GPWSC members and community was incredibly
low down. The educational groups can be formed two typed, first the school level
educational groups and second youth clubs as an educational group. The first type of
educational groups can be formed with the students of elementary level the group will
be trained and educated about the importance of water. These groups can spread the
awareness to their families and neighbourhood. Second typed educational groups
youth club members from the concern communities can be motivated and trained
153
about the important aspects of water and they will spread the awareness to the other
communities’ members.
II. Advocacy
Social work intervention can be done about the issue of importance of
drinking water. The professional social worker can use the informal leader of the
community and can be made conscious about the issue of importance of safe drinking
water. The informal leaders like retired employees, ex- army persons and numberdar,
these people have great grip on the whole community. The social worker will aware
about the issue related to water and these people can do advocacy to the whole
community.
III. Demonstrations
The professional social worker can intervene about the issue of importance of
drinking water through the demonstration. The demonstrations fair can be organized
with the help of DPMC and SPMC. The audio video material can be used to sensitize
the community members and model of successful project can be shown to these
people. The students from the all nearby schools can be visit.
IV. Tours to Model Villages
The Social work intervention can be done through tour to the model villages.
The professional social worker with the financial help from the DPMC and SPMC
visit tour to the model village can be organized. The members of GPWSC and Gram
Panchayat can be sensitizing to the visit to model village. There could be discussion
on good practices from the community members of the model village.
B. To Generate Awareness among the GPWSC Members and Beneficiaries
about the Importance of PRWSS Project in General
The researcher during the research found the evident about the GPWSC
members and community members have less knowledge about the project in general
such as the activities of the project, role and functions of GPWSC, importance of
community participation. The GPWSC plays the very important role in this project so
154
it’s become very important that the GPWSC members and community members
should have knowledge of the role and functions of the project. To improve the
awareness, transparency of financial activities, coordination between the GPWSC
members and beneficiaries of the project is required. To achieve the purpose joint
discussion meetings has been organized between the GPWSC members and
beneficiaries of the project. The focused group discussion also organized with help of
information education and communication specialist from district program
management cell. To sensitize the community member researcher motivated the youth
club members to organized rally with help of schools children. The rally made dent to
community members and which help to create interest to participate in project.
C. Motivate the Community Members to Participate in Water Management.
Water management at village level another important challenge because the
rural water supply and sanitation project only emphases to provide house hold water
tab connections but there is no any provision in project to motivate the community
members to save the water or proper use of water. During the field visit the researcher
found that community people save no knowledge about the water management and
importance of safe water. The wastage of water by the community members were at
large level. The immoral practices of using water like water connection without tab
which waste the water. The cattle washing with tab water also another practice of
wastage water.
Conclusion
The present chapter, throw the light upon the evaluation of activities by
beneficiaries and problems and constraints faced by GPWSC. The facts from the
evaluation of performance of the GPWSC present the clear cut picture about the real
situation at village level in concern to safe drinking water. Collections of the facts in
this section, present the real pictures to know the extent of satisfaction of beneficiaries
for the purpose five point scales has been used, i.e. good, very good, satisfactory,
unsatisfactory and don’t know. To compare the result of different blocks the data has
been divided between the five blocks i.e. Ropar, Morinda, Nurpur bedi, Anandpur
Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib.
155
The analysis from the data presents the pathetic picture about the working of
the GPWSCs in Ropar district. The majority 62.34 percent respondents say they
cannot judge the performance of the GPWSCs because they were unaware about the
functions of the GPWSCs. The data also revealed the unenthusiastic sign about the
efforts made by District Program Management Cell and other government machinery.
The beneficiaries also have clear cut opinion about the performance of the GPWSC
that the reason only 8.22 percent respondents caste their opinion ‘very good’ which is
lowest percentage in whole table after that 9.06 percent chose the ‘good’ options to
rate the performance which is second lowest percentage in scale. On the other side
10.44 percent respondents gave their negative opinion means ‘unsatisfactory’ and this
is second highest percentage of the table. From the analysis of the table it’s proved
that working of the GPWSCs in entire district was not up to the mark as is required in
successfully completion of the project.