Chapter two
-
Upload
cooper-irwin -
Category
Documents
-
view
29 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Chapter two
![Page 1: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter two
Early Societies in Southwest Asia and
Early African Societies
![Page 2: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I- The Quest for Order
•A. Mesopotamia: the land between the rivers”
1. Valleys of the Tigris and
Euphrates
![Page 3: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2. Little rain so area needs irrigation3. Food supplies increase a. human population increases b. migrants to the area
increase, especially Semites
c. Sumer (in south) becomes population center
![Page 4: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Genesis 10:10 And in the beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech
and Accad and Calneh in the land of Shinar (Sumer)…
![Page 5: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
4. First cities emerge, 4000 B.C.E.
a. between 3200 and 2350 B.C.E. , they
involve into city-states (control of
surrounding region) b. governments sponsor building projects and irrigation
![Page 6: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
d. Kingships evolve with cooperation of
noble families
c. attacks by others led to wall building and military development
![Page 7: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
B. The course of empire
1. Sargon of Akkad (2370-2315 B.C.E)a. coup against King of Kish
b. seizes trade routes and natural resources
c. gradually empire weakens and collapses about 2000 B.C.E.
![Page 8: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. Hammarabi
• Centralizes the bureaucracy and regulates taxation
• Capital is Babylon• Law Code: law of
retribution and importance of social status
• Hitte assault and empire crumbles 1595 B.C.E.
![Page 9: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
c. The later Mesopotamia empires
1. Assyrians (northern Mesopotamia),
about 1300-625 B.C.E.
a. cities: Assur and Ninevahb. powerful army: professional officers (merit), chariots, archers, iron weaponsc. unpopular rule leads to rebellions; ends 612 B.C.E
![Page 10: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
chariots
![Page 11: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. New Babylonian empire, 600-550 B.C.E.
a. Nebuchadnezzar (605 – 552 B.C.E.)
![Page 12: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
a. Hanging gardens of palace shows wealth and
luxury
![Page 13: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
II- The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions
A. Economic specialization and trade 1. Bronze (made from
copper and tin) used in
weapons and later agricultural tools
2. Iron (about 1000 B.C.E.) cheaper and more widely available; used in weapons and tools
![Page 14: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. Wheel (about 3000B.C.E.) helps trade; carts can carry more goods further4. Shipbuilding: maritime trade increases in all directions, network develops
![Page 15: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
•Social classes
Cities:provide moreopportunityto accumulatewealth
![Page 16: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Standard of Ur (shows social classes)
Ziggurat
![Page 17: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Kings: (hereditary)and nobles (royal family and supporters) arehighest class
Priests and priestesses ruletemple communities with large incomes and staff
![Page 18: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Free commoners (peasants), dependant clients (no property), pay taxes and labor on building projects
![Page 19: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Slaves (POW’s, criminals, debt servitude): mostly domestic servants
![Page 20: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Patriarchy 1. Hammurabi’s code: men are head of household
2. Women get fewer rights after 2000 B.C.E.; by 1500 B.C.E. are
wearing veils
![Page 21: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• The development of written cultural traditions
- Reed stylus (wedge shaped) pressed in clay then baked
- mostly commercial and tax documents
![Page 22: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Education: vocation to be scribe or government official
![Page 23: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Literature: astronomy, mathematics, abstract (religious and literary like Gilgamesh)
![Page 24: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
III- The broader influence of Mesopotamian society
• Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews 1. Early Hebrews are pastoral nomads between Mesopotamia and Egypt (second millennium B.C.E.)
![Page 25: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
- settle in cities - Abraham leads group to Palestine 1850 B.C.E.
- Descendents borrow law of
retribution and flood story from Mesopotamia
![Page 26: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Some migrate to Egypt in eighteenth
century B.C.E.
- 12 tribes become
Israelites - Mesopotamia style monarchs with Jerusalem as its capital - David (1000-970 B.C.E.) then Solomon (970-930 B.C.E.)
![Page 27: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Moses and monotheism
Ten Commandments: moral and ethical standards for followers
Compilation of teachings into Torah (1000-400 B.C.E.)
![Page 28: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
- Deportees return to Judea; become known as Jews (586 B.C.E.)
- Prophets in this period increase devotion to people
- Build distinct Jewish community in Judea with strong group identity
![Page 29: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Phoenicians
- First settlers about 3000 B.C.E. ; develop
kingdoms of independent city states
![Page 30: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Little agriculture, live on trade and communication networks
- Overland trade to Mesopotamia; influence on
culture
- Sea trade most important, get raw materials, trade for manufactured goods
![Page 31: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Have early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E. )
![Page 32: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
- Linguists discover similarities between many languages; they must be related
- Originate in steppes of Central Asia: pastoral people, 4500-2500 B.C.E.
- Domesticate horses; learn to ride; use horses with carts, then chariots
![Page 33: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
IV- Indo-European migrations
•Indo-European origins
![Page 34: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Indo-European expansion and its effects
• Indo-European society breaks up about 3000 B.C.E.; peoples gradually migrate
•Hittites settle in central Anatolia about 2000 B.C.E.
- build powerful kingdoms - conquer Babylonian empire
1595B.C.E.- dissolve by about 1200 B.C.E.
![Page 35: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Technology:
• Light horse drawn chariots (spokes) and iron metallurgy
![Page 36: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
- Some migrate into central Asia by 2000 B.C.E.- Other migrations: Greece, Italy,
central Europe, western Europe, Britain - all pastoral agriculturalists - all speak related languages and worship similar deities
- later wave of migrations to Iran
and India (Aryan)
![Page 37: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Egypt – northeastern Africa
![Page 38: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
A View of Egypt by Satellite
A View of Egypt by Satellite
![Page 40: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Fertile Nile Valley
The Fertile Nile Valley
![Page 41: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
![Page 42: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
![Page 43: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ancient Egyptian History
Ancient Egyptian HistoryPeriods Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
3900 B. C. E.
Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
![Page 44: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?c. 3050
B. C. E. ?
![Page 45: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ancient Egyptian Housing
Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class
HomesMiddle Class Homes
Peasant Homes
Peasant Homes
![Page 46: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
![Page 47: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
![Page 48: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Making Ancient Egyptian WineMaking Ancient Egyptian Wine
![Page 49: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
PerfumePerfume
WhigsWhigs
MirrorMirror
![Page 50: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
![Page 51: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
![Page 52: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Egyptian NobilityEgyptian Nobility
![Page 53: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Egyptian Priestly ClassEgyptian Priestly Class
![Page 54: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Egyptian ScribeEgyptian Scribe
![Page 55: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Papyrus PaperPapyrus Paper
Papyrus PlantPapyrus Plant
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Hieratic Scroll Piece
![Page 56: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
11 1010 100100 10001000 10,00010,000 100,000100,000 1,000,0001,000,000
What number is this?
What number is this?
![Page 57: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
![Page 58: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
![Page 59: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols
![Page 60: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Egyptian Creation Myth
Egyptian Creation Myth
The Goddess Nut The Goddess Nut
![Page 61: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris Isis Horus Osiris Isis Horus
![Page 62: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Preparations for the Underworld
Preparations for the Underworld
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
![Page 63: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Materials Used in Mummification
Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin
10.Frankinsense
1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin
10.Frankinsense
![Page 64: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Preparation for the Afterlife
Preparation for the Afterlife
![Page 65: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.Queen Tiye,
wife of Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
![Page 66: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Journey to the Underworld
Journey to the Underworld
A boat for the journey is
provided for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
A boat for the journey is
provided for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
![Page 67: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Egyptian Book of the Dead
Egyptian Book of the Dead
![Page 68: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
The Final JudgementThe Final Judgement
Anubis Horus Osiris Anubis Horus Osiris
![Page 69: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
![Page 70: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
![Page 71: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
![Page 72: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Giza Pyramid ComplexGiza Pyramid Complex
![Page 73: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
![Page 74: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
The Valley of the KingsThe Valley of the Kings
![Page 75: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
![Page 76: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
![Page 77: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
1336-1327 B. C. E.
![Page 78: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
King TutankhamonKing Tutankhamon
![Page 79: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
![Page 80: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
![Page 81: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
The Valley of the Queens
The Valley of the Queens
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
1473-1458 B. C. E.
1473-1458 B. C. E.
![Page 82: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
1352-1336 B. C. E.
![Page 83: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
The Ankh – The “Cross” of LifeThe Ankh – The “Cross” of Life
![Page 84: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
QueenNefertitiQueen
Nefertiti
![Page 85: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II
Abu Simbel:Monument to Ramses II
1279-1213 B.
C. E.
1279-1213 B.
C. E.
![Page 86: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Who Are These Strange People?
Who Are These Strange People?
![Page 87: Chapter two](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56813588550346895d9cea9b/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Routes of the “Sea Peoples”
Routes of the “Sea Peoples”
The end of the Bronze Age!The end of the Bronze Age!