Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Superior Cheese CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE.
Chapter Twenty-Five
description
Transcript of Chapter Twenty-Five
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE
World War II, 1941–1945
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PART ONE:
Introduction
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Chapter Focus Questions
What events led to Pearl Harbor and the declaration of war?
How were national resources marshaled for war?
What characterized American society during wartime?
How were Americans mobilized into the armed forces?
How was the war pursued in Europe and Asia?
How did the atomic bomb affect diplomacy?
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PART TWO:
Los Alamos, New Mexico
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Los Alamos
The Manhattan Project . Los Alamos. Secrecy from the outside world. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
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PART THREE:
The Coming of World War II
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The Shadows of War
Great Depression Breakdown of political order. Militaristic authoritarian regimes
Japan, Italy, and Germany Manchuria, China. Ethiopia. Czechoslovakia.
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American Opinion on the European War
Media: Gallup Polls
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Isolationism
WWI seen as mistake. College protested war. Neutrality Acts. “America First” FDR: military preparedness
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FIGURE 25.1b Gallup Polls: European War and World War I, 1938–1940
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Roosevelt Readies for War
Poland, 1939. Blitzkrieg :
Denmark Norway Belgium France.
FDR pushed for military money. Third term—expansion.. Atlantic Charter.
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Pearl Harbor
The Japanese threats. FDR cut off trade. Pearl Harbor. War.
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PART FOUR:
Arsenal of Democracy
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Mobilizing for War
Mobilization laws. Office of War Information. New Deal agencies vanished.
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Organizing the Economy
US industrial capacity. Civilian firms converted. Unprecedented economic boom. Western and Southern firms benefit. Farm profited, but small farms disappeared. Chart: Effects of War Spending
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New Workers
Labor demand. Female workers. Workers’ wages went up.
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Wartime Strikes
Prior to war, militant unions struck. During war:
no-strike pledges Increased membership and won benefits
African-American membership doubled. Federal antistrike legislation.
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PART FIVE:
The Home Front
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Families in Wartime
Marriage rates up. Housing shortage. One-parent households. Child-care issues. Juvenile crime. Dropout rates. Public health improved.
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The Internment of Japanese Americans
112,000 Japanese interned; SCOTUS upheld policy. 1988 , Congress voted for reparations
and apologized.
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“Double V”: Victory at Home & Abroad
“Double V”: victory overseas equal rights at home.
FDR banned discrimination in defense industries.
Civil rights organizations emerged, grew. 1 million blacks left South. Violent resistance from local whites.
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Zoot-Suit Riots
Resentment Mexican Americans exploded.
The zoot-suit riots. Mexican Americans served.
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Popular Culture and the “Good War”
Popular culture. Southerners brought musical styles. Entertainment emphasized wartime
spirit.
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PART SIX:
Men and Women in Uniform
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Creating the Armed Forces
Maps: Wartime Army Camps Draft began before war. The officer corps:
Professional Conservative Autocratic.
Junior officers close to troops.
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Women Enter the Military
Women’s divisions. Most women stayed in US. Clerical duties health-related duties Aviation. Sexual activity monitored Racial segregation.
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Old Practices and New Horizons
1 million African Americans served. Segregation at every point. Many racial or ethnic minorities served. In Europe, troops met a mixed
welcome.
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The Medical Corps
The risk of injury was much higher. Battle fatigue. Variety of medical personnel. True heroes: the medics.
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Prisoners of War
POWs in German camps. POWs in Japanese camps. German POWs. Japanese POWs.
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PART SEVEN:
The World at War
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The War in Europe
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Soviets Halt Nazi Drive
1st year, war news “all bad.” Soviets bore brunt. Stalingrad.
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The Allied Offensive
Soviets appealed for “second front”. North Africa, Italy. Casablanca : seek unconditional surrender. Air bombardment:
weakened the economy undermined civilian morale crippled German air force
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The Allied Invasion of Europe
Italy out of the war. D-Day. Paris. Battle of the Bulge. May 8, 1945, Germany surrendered.
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The War in Asia and the Pacific
Map: The War in the Pacific Japanese advances stopped June 1942. Naval battles and island hopping. Philippines, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. Bombing Japanese cities. Stopping Soviets.
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PART EIGHT:
The Last Stages of the
War
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The Holocaust
Nazi’s systematic extermination. War Department vetoed camp attacks.
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The Yalta Conference
The “Big Three”. Atlantic Charter fell. FDR held idealism for global peace. FDR dies, April ‘44.
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The Atomic Bomb
Harry S. Truman. Tough with Soviets. Potsdam. Atomic bombs. Peace with slight policy modification possible. Truman claimed bomb would shorten war.