Chapter Six Section 1 SG
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Transcript of Chapter Six Section 1 SG
Chapter Six:Chapter Six:Early IndiaEarly India
Section OneSection One
India’s First CivilizationsIndia’s First Civilizations
VocabularyVocabulary
AryansAryansPart of a group called Indo-Part of a group called Indo-
Europeans,Europeans,
The Aryans lived in central Asia andThe Aryans lived in central Asia and
were good warriors, expert horse were good warriors, expert horse ridersriders
and hunters.and hunters.
VocabularyVocabulary
BrahmansBrahmansThe priests in Indian society, The priests in Indian society,
BrahmansBrahmans
were the only ones who could were the only ones who could performperform
religious ceremonies.religious ceremonies.
VocabularyVocabulary
subcontinent: subcontinent: A large landmass that is part of a A large landmass that is part of a
continentcontinent
but distinct from it.but distinct from it.
subcontinentsubcontinent
VocabularyVocabulary
monsoonmonsoonA strong wind that blows one directionA strong wind that blows one direction
during the summer and the oppositeduring the summer and the opposite
direction during the winter. direction during the winter.
VocabularyVocabulary
raja:raja:A prince who led an Aryan tribe in A prince who led an Aryan tribe in
IndiaIndia
and ran their own small kingdoms that and ran their own small kingdoms that
often fought against one another.often fought against one another.
VocabularyVocabulary
caste:caste:A social group that began in Ancient India, A social group that began in Ancient India,
wherewhere
a person is born into a position and cannota person is born into a position and cannot
change.change.
Vocabulary Vocabulary
guru:guru:A religious leader and spiritual A religious leader and spiritual
guide inguide in
HinduismHinduism
Vocabulary Vocabulary
drought:drought:An extended period without rainAn extended period without rain
Vocabulary Vocabulary
Sanskrit:Sanskrit:Written language developed by Written language developed by
thethe
AryansAryans
SanskritSanskrit
Example of Sanskrit Writing
1-1. What natural features of India 1-1. What natural features of India influenced where civilization first began influenced where civilization first began there? there? *What effect(s) did they have on these *What effect(s) did they have on these people?people?
The Indus River valley consisted of rich The Indus River valley consisted of rich fertile soil from fertile soil from two rivers: the Indus two rivers: the Indus and the Ganges.and the Ganges. South of the river South of the river valleys was the dry and hilly Deccan valleys was the dry and hilly Deccan Plateau. Plateau.
The river valleys and the eastern andThe river valleys and the eastern and
western coasts of India were lush fertilewestern coasts of India were lush fertile
plains, suitable for farming. plains, suitable for farming.
1-2. When did India’s first 1-2. When did India’s first civilization, Harappa exist? civilization, Harappa exist?
It existed from about It existed from about 3000 B.C.E. to 1500 B.C.E.3000 B.C.E. to 1500 B.C.E.
1-3. List and describe the 1-3. List and describe the two major cities of this two major cities of this
civilization.civilization.Harappa and Mohenjo-DaroHarappa and Mohenjo-Daro were large, were large,
well-planned cities. Each city containedwell-planned cities. Each city contained
a fortress, wide main streets, small sidea fortress, wide main streets, small side
streets, and walls that surrounded eachstreets, and walls that surrounded each
neighborhood. They also had differentneighborhood. They also had different
types of houses and wells, indoortypes of houses and wells, indoor
bathrooms, and a city garbage system.bathrooms, and a city garbage system.
1-4. Why is so little known about the 1-4. Why is so little known about the Harappans? What do historians think Harappans? What do historians think happened to them?happened to them?
*The Harappans left no written records *The Harappans left no written records
so we know little about them.so we know little about them.
*Historians think that earthquakes and*Historians think that earthquakes and
floods damaged the area and then thefloods damaged the area and then the
Indus River changed course, killingIndus River changed course, killing
some and forcing others to leave.some and forcing others to leave.
1-6. How did the economic activity of the 1-6. How did the economic activity of the Aryans change when they migrated into the Aryans change when they migrated into the Indian subcontinent? What crops were Indian subcontinent? What crops were grown by the Aryans?grown by the Aryans?
They were no longer nomads, but They were no longer nomads, but
became farmers, inventing iron tools tobecame farmers, inventing iron tools to
improve farming.improve farming.
Their crops included:Their crops included:
Wheat, barley, millet, rice and spicesWheat, barley, millet, rice and spices
such as pepper, ginger, and cinnamon. such as pepper, ginger, and cinnamon.
1-7. What new ideas did the 1-7. What new ideas did the Aryans introduce to the Aryans introduce to the
area?area?
The Aryans brought new ideas The Aryans brought new ideas such assuch as
the caste system and Sanskrit. the caste system and Sanskrit.
1-8. How were the 1-8. How were the Aryan kingdoms of India Aryan kingdoms of India
ruled?ruled?They were ruled by the Ksatriyas, They were ruled by the Ksatriyas,
thethe
warrior and ruler class that was warrior and ruler class that was belowbelow
The priestly class, the Brahmans. The priestly class, the Brahmans.
1-9. Draw a diagram of 1-9. Draw a diagram of India’s early social India’s early social system.system.
Brahmans (priests)Brahmans (priests)
Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers)Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers)
Vaisyas (common people)Vaisyas (common people)
Sudras (unskilled labors and Sudras (unskilled labors and servants)servants)
Pariahs (untouchables)Pariahs (untouchables)
1-10. Compare the role of 1-10. Compare the role of women and that of men in women and that of men in
Indian society.Indian society.Men had more rights. Only menMen had more rights. Only mencould______.could______.
• inherit propertyinherit property• go to schoolgo to school• become priestsbecome priests• marry again, if his wife did not marry again, if his wife did not
have childrenhave children (continued)(continued)
1-10 Continued Women’s 1-10 Continued Women’s rightsrights
Women had little rights, and wereWomen had little rights, and were
treated much like property. treated much like property.
For example, During “suttee” when aFor example, During “suttee” when a
man from a prominent family died andman from a prominent family died and
was being cremated, the woman had towas being cremated, the woman had to
leap into the fire, killing herself. leap into the fire, killing herself.
If she didn’t, then she was shamed fromIf she didn’t, then she was shamed from
society.society.