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Transcript of Chapter Seven Updating and Upgrading Hardware. © 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Strata...
Chapter Seven
Updating and Upgrading Hardware
© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Strata Objectives Covered
1.6 (1.2 FC0-U11 U.K.) Identify the risks associated with upgrading the following technologies and equipment:–PC speed/storage capability–Compatibility issues–Upgrade issues–Bus differences–Hardware failure
2.1 (2.1 FC0-U21 U.K.) Identify basic compatibility issues between:–Processor performance–RAM memory–USB (1.1, 2.0)–FireWire–PS/2
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Evaluating a Computer for Upgrades
• What components are fine as-is?• Which components are obsolete,
failing, or weaker than the others?• What components may benefit from
a new driver?• What components can’t be replaced
at all?
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Benefits of Updating Device Drivers
• Fix operational or compatibility problems with the device
• Improve device performance• Add minor new features or
configuration options
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Checking a Device Driver Version
• Open Device Manager in Windows
• View the device’s Properties
• Click the Driver tab• Read version number• Check manufacturer’s
web site for newer version
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Analyzing Current System Performance
• Windows Experience Index
• Third-party utilities– Windows: iBench– Mac: Xbench
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When to Upgrade
• Slow screen repaint: display adapter• Slowed performance when running
multiple applications: RAM• Disk full warning: hard drive
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Processor Upgrades
• Not usually possible or economical• Motherboards accept only a narrow
range of models and speeds
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RAM Upgrades
• Check motherboard docs to get the right kind of RAM
• Check for available slots
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RAM Upgrades
• If all slots are full, some RAM must be replaced with higher-capacity RAM
• On some systems, RAM slots are paired, and must have identical RAM in them
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Hard Disk Upgrades
• Replace, or Add Another?– Notebook: usually must replace– Desktop: can replace or add
• Check for internal power connectors available– SATA power (for SATA)– Molex connector (for PATA)
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Hard Disk Upgrades
• Check types of drive connectors available– Internal:
• PATA• SATA• SCSI
– External:• USB• FireWire• SCSI
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Buying Decisions for Hard Drives
• Mechanical vs. solid state• Capacity• Internal or external• Interface • Size (3.5” for desktop, 2.5” for
notebook)• RPM/rotational speed
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Display Adapter Upgrades
• Desktop PCs only; most notebooks cannot accept display adapter upgrade
• Replace or add additional (for multiple monitors)
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Display Adapter Upgrades
• Check available expansion slot types– PCIe 16x– PCIe 4x– AGP– PCI
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Buying Decisions for Display Adapters
• Amount of memory – more is better• Memory speed – faster is better• Cooling – active or passive• Output ports – VGA, DVI• Maximum resolution – larger is better• Core clock speed – faster is better
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Upgrading or Adding External Devices
• Port type– USB (1.1, 2.0, 3.0)– FireWire– Legacy parallel (old printers)– Legacy serial (old or specialized
devices)– ExpressCard– PS/2– 3.5mm jack
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Assessing Hardware Upgrade Risks
• Physical compatibility• System compatibility• OS compatibility• Compatibility with existing
applications• Compatibility with anticipated future
applications and OSes
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Common Hardware Issues
• USB hubs: If unpowered, can support only a few devices with adequate power
• Power supply: Can become overloaded many devices installed, especially drives
• System resource conflicts may occur (IRQs, DMA channels, memory addreses, I/O addreses)
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Personal Safety Considerations
• Wear short sleeves, or roll up your sleeves to avoid tearing clothing if it gets caught
• Remove jewelry to avoid getting snagged
• Don’t open a power supply or a CRT because of shock from capacitors
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ESD Prevention Guidelines
• Ground yourself• Wear an antistatic wrist strap• Use an antistatic mat
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ESD Prevention Guidelines
• Wear natural fibers• Keep item inside antistatic bag until
ready to install
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Other Hardware-Handling Guidelines
• Disconnect power before opening the case
• Handle circuit boards only by the edges
• Be as gentle as possible the cables and connectors
• Don’t bend or crimp a cable unnecessarily
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Installing Memory
• Remove cover to expose slot(s)• Remove old memory if needed• Firmly press new memory into slot
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Installing an Internal Disk Drive
• Set jumpers on drive if needed (PATA or SCSI only)
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Chart describing jumper settings
Jumper
© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Installing an Internal Disk Drive
• Connect drive connector from motherboard
• Connect power connector from power supply
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Installing an Internal Disk Drive
• Partition and format drive– Disk Management in Windows– Third-party disk utility program
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Installing a Circuit Board
• Remove old board if needed
• Remove metal backplate behind slot if needed
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© 2006-2011 Wiley, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Installing a Circuit Board
• Identify the slot to use• Remove old board if needed• Remove metal backplate behind slot
if needed• Firmly press circuit board straight
down into slot• Secure board with screw or other
retaining method
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