Chapter One, Section Two: Mesopotamian Civilization
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Transcript of Chapter One, Section Two: Mesopotamian Civilization
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The Rise of SumerSeptember 24, 2012
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Where was Sumer?
• By 3000 B.C., many cities had formed in southern Mesopotamia in a region known as Sumer.
• Sumerian cities were isolated from each other by geography.
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• This terrain made travel and communication difficult.
• Each Sumerian city and the land around it became a separate city-state.
• It had its own government and was not part of any larger unit.
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• City-states often went to war with one another.
• They fought to gain glory and to control more territory.
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• River mud was main building material, so this is what walls around the city-states were made from.
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• The Sumerians believed in many gods. Each was thought to have power over a natural force or a human activity—flooding, for example, or basket weaving.
• Each city-state built a grand temple called a ziggurat. Ziggurat means “mountain of god” or “hill of heaven.”
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• Most people in Sumer farmed. Some however, were artisans—skilled workers.
• Sumerian writing was called cuneiform.
• Those who wrote cuneiform were called scribes, or record keepers.
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• THE FIRST STORY EVER: Epic of Gilgamesh—What happens in this story?
• The Mesopotamians also were advanced in Math and Science. How do you believe this changed the societies to follow?
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Sargon and Hammurabi
• Sargon: The King of the Akkadians
• In 2340 B.C., Sargon conquered all of Mesopotamia and set up the world’s first empire. An empire is a group of many different lands under one ruler. His empire lasted for more than 200 years before falling to invaders.
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Sargon. Doesn’t he look great?
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• In 1800s B.C., a new group of people became powerful in Mesopotamia. They built the city of Babylon by the Euphrates River.
• It quickly became the center of trade.• Beginning in 1792 B.C., the Babylonian king
Hammurabi began conquering cities to the north and south and created the Babylonian Empire.
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Hammurabi
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HAMMURABI’S CODE
Clay tablet------------cuneiform
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“Fair Laws”
• If a judge makes an error through his own fault when trying a case, he must pay a fine, be removed from the judge’s bench, and never judge another case.
• If someone gives something to someone else for safe-keeping, the transaction should be witnessed and a contract made between the two parties.
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“Cruel Laws”
• If a son strikes his father, the son’s hands shall be cut off.
• If someone is caught in the act of robbery, then he shall be put to death.