CHAPTER ONE Safety and Shop Practices. Objectives You should be able to: Explain what OSHA does....
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Transcript of CHAPTER ONE Safety and Shop Practices. Objectives You should be able to: Explain what OSHA does....
![Page 1: CHAPTER ONE Safety and Shop Practices. Objectives You should be able to: Explain what OSHA does. List shop hazards. Describe personal protective items.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56649e2b5503460f94b190d4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER ONE
Safety and Shop Practices
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ObjectivesYou should be able to:
• Explain what OSHA does.
• List shop hazards.
• Describe personal protective items that must be worn in the shop.
• List important safety practices that must be followed in the shop.
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Objectives (Cont’d)• Explain how to use cleaning and
compressed air equipment safely.
• Describe the procedures for safely raising a vehicle on a lift or jack stands.
• Demonstrate how to lift heavy objects.
• Describe safe hand, power, hydraulic, and electric tool operating procedures.
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Objectives (Cont’d)• Describe safe engine lift practices.
• Explain how to safely operate a vehicle in the shop.
• Demonstrate how to use special engine tools safely.
• Identify hazardous materials and explain the Right-to-Know Laws.
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Objectives (Cont’d)• Describe proper handling and disposal
techniques for hazardous materials.
• Explain how to use shop safety equipment.
• Demonstrate gasoline handling and electrical safety procedures.
• Explain how to extinguish a fire.
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Objectives (Cont’d)• Describe the different types of fire
extinguishers available.
• List employee and employer obligations in the shop.
• Describe the ASE certification and testing process.
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OSHA• The Occupational Safety and Health Act
(OSHA) regulates working conditions in the United States.
• It provides research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health.
• OSHA was passed in 1970.
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Shop HazardsShop hazards include:
• flammable liquids and materials
• batteries
• loose drain covers
• caustic liquids
• high-pressure air
• frayed cords on electrical equipment
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Shop Hazards (Cont’d)• hazardous waste material
• carbon monoxide
• loose clothing, jewelry, or long hair
• dust and vapors generated during repairs
• high noise levels
• oil, grease, water, or parts cleaning solution on floors
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Personal Safety• Always wear proper eye protection in the
shop.
• Always wear ear protection in noisy environments.
• Avoid long hair, torn clothing, neckties, or dangling jewelry.
• Properly store all tools and parts.
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Personal Safety (Cont’d)• Always wear leather shoes or steel-toed
boots in the shop.
• Always wear heavy work gloves when grinding, welding, or handling high-temperature components.
• Always wear approved gloves when handling caustic chemicals.
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Personal Safety (Cont’d)• Always take proper precautions with
asbestos or toxic substances.
• Never smoke while working on a vehicle or working with machines/equipment.
• Avoid horseplay in the shop.
• Beware of hot metal parts.
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Safety in the Automotive ShopTo avoid shop hazards, follow all rules with regard to:
• personal protection
• smoking, alcohol, and drugs in the shop
• electrical and gasoline safety
• general shop and housekeeping safety
• fire safety
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Compressed Air Equipment Safety• Pneumatic tools use compressed air.
• Never direct high-pressure air against any part of the human body; do not use compressed air to blow off hair or clothing.
• Do not clean the work bench or floor with compressed air.
• Always operate pneumatic tools according to manufacturers’ instructions.
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Compressed Air Equipment Safety (Cont’d)
• Always wear eye protection when using compressed air.
• Always wear ear protection when using compressed air.
• Maintain air line fittings and hoses in good condition.
• Never spin bearings with compressed air.
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Vehicle Lift Safety• Be sure the vehicle doors, hood, and trunk
lid are closed before raising the vehicle.
• Do not raise a vehicle with people inside.
• Be sure the lift pads are contacting the specified vehicle lift points
• Check the lift pad to lift point contact after raising the vehicle a short distance.
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Vehicle Lift Safety (Cont’d)
• Be sure the lift locking mechanism is in place when the lift is at the desired height
• Before lowering a vehicle, be sure there is no person, equipment or tools underneath.
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Lifting and CarryingWhen lifting or carrying a heavy object:
• Always use a back protection device.
• Always lift and work within your ability.
• Ask others for help if you are not sure you can handle the size/weight of the object.
• Be sure your path is free from loose parts or tools.
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Lifting and Carrying (Cont’d)• Place your feet close to the object and
position them to maintain good balance.
• Keep your back and elbows straight.
• Bend your knees, so you can get a strong grip on the object.
• Firmly grasp the object, and do not change your grip as you move the load.
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Lifting and Carrying (Cont’d)• Keep the object close to your body and lift
it up by straightening your legs.
• Use your leg muscles, not your back muscles.
• To change direction, do not twist your body. Instead, turn your whole body, including your feet.
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Lifting and Carrying (Cont’d)• When placing the object on a shelf/counter,
do not bend forward. Place the edge of the load on the shelf and slide it forward, being careful not to pinch your fingers.
• To set down a load, bend your knees and keep your back straight -- do not bend forward.
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Hand Tool Safety• Keep tools clean and in good condition.
• Use the proper tool for the job.
• Be careful when using sharp or pointed tools.
• Tool tips that are intended to be sharp should be kept sharp.
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Power Tool Safety• Power tools are operated by an outside
source of power, such as electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure.
• Always wear safety glasses when using power tools.
• Make sure electrically-powered tools are properly grounded.
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Power Tool Safety (Cont’d)• Before use, check wiring for cracks in
insulation and for bare wires.
• Never use electric power tools when standing on a wet or damp floor.
• Disconnect the power source before performing any service on a power tool.
• Be sure the power switch is off before plugging in the tool.
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Jack and Jack Stand Safety
• Be sure the hydraulic jack is lifting on the specified vehicle lift point.
• Be sure the jack lift pad is securely positioned on the lift point.
• Always lower the vehicle securely onto jack stands before working under the vehicle.
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Engine Lift Safety• Be sure the lifting sling is securely attached
to the engine.
• Be sure the lifting sling attachment bolts are strong enough to lift the engine.
• Be sure the lifting sling attachment bolts are threaded far enough into the engine.
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Engine Lift Safety (Cont’d)
• Be sure the lift legs and lift boom are properly adjusted to prevent lift tipping.
• Stand clear of the engine when lifting or lowering the engine.
• When the engine is out of the vehicle, lower it to the floor, or install it on an engine stand.
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Vehicle OperationWhen moving a vehicle into the shop:
• First, check the brakes.
• Next, put on your safety belt.
• Finally, drive carefully in and around the shop, making sure no one is near and that your path is clear.
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Vehicle Operation (Cont’d)When road-testing a vehicle:
• Always obey all traffic laws.
• Drive only as far as is necessary to check the vehicle.
If the engine must be running while working on the vehicle:
• Block the wheels to prevent movement.
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Vehicle Operation (Cont’d)• Place transmission in park (automatic
transmissions) or neutral (manual transmissions).
• Set the emergency brake.
• Never stand directly in front of or behind the vehicle.
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Vehicle Operation (Cont’d)
• Run the engine only in a well-ventilated area to avoid carbon monoxide.– Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas.
• Use an exhaust ventilation system or use a hose and direct the exhaust out of the shop.
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Cleaning Equipment SafetySome cleaning solutions are caustic, so avoid skin or eye contact with these solutions by:
• Always wearing eye protection and face shields when using cleaning equipment.
• Always wearing protective gloves when using cleaning equipment.
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Cleaning Equipment Safety (Cont’d)
• To prevent accidents, walk carefully in the cleaning equipment area, and keep the floors clean.
• Follow the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations when cleaning aluminum components in caustic solutions.
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Cleaning Equipment Safety (Cont’d)
• Used cleaning solution is considered a hazardous waste and must be handled according to environmental regulations.
• The four basic categories of automotive parts cleaning are:– chemical, thermal, abrasive, steam
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Engine Rebuilding Safety Concerns
• Use proper procedures for lifting heavy objects.
• Keep the work area clean.
• Use an engine hoist to lift the engine out of the vehicle.
• Do not get under the engine, and do not place arms or legs under the engine.
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Engine Rebuilding Safety Concerns (Cont’d)
• Do not pour gas into the carburetor or throttle body -- use a squirt can for priming.
• If the engine comes loose, get out of the way and let it fall.
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Engine Rebuilding Safety Concerns (Cont’d)
• Prior to starting an engine, make sure all fuel lines, electrical connectors, and belts are properly connected.
• Have a fire extinguisher next to the vehicle.
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Hazardous Materials• Be familiar with hazardous materials in the
shop.
• A material is hazardous if it is:– on the EPA list– reactive– corrosive– toxic– ignitable
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Hazardous Materials (Cont’d)• The EPA publishes a list of hazardous
materials.
• Follow all federal and state laws with regard to safe handling and disposal of hazardous materials.
• Be familiar with the Right-to-Know Laws and the RCRA
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Hazardous Materials (Cont’d)• Know where the Material Safety Data
Sheets (or the WHIMS) are located in the shop.
• Examples of hazardous waste include:– used oil– used batteries– used brake and transmission fluids
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Hazardous Materials (Cont’d)• Be familiar with the proper way to handle
environmental emergencies.
• Never pour anything down a drain without ensuring it is safe and legal to do so.
• Never throw anything in the trash without ensuring it is safe and legal to do so.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment
• Keep the work area clean and safe.
• Wipe up water immediately and maintain good ventilation in the shop.
• Keep emergency numbers and first aid kits handy.
• Have an eyewash fountain in your shop.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
• Gasoline is very volatile and must be stored in approved containers.
• Never use a welder or grinder near flammable liquids or materials.
• Keep spark sources away from batteries that are being charged.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
• Solvents are flammable and must be handled with care and properly stored in an approved container.
• Oily, greasy, or paint-soaked rags must be stored in an approved container and not thrown in the trash.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
Types of fires:
• Class A: ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, clothing, or textiles.
• Class B: flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, paint, solvents, or grease.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
• Class C: electrical equipment such as wires, motors, and switches.
• Class D: metal chips, turnings, and shavings
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
Fire extinguisher selection:
• Foam-type fire extinguishers
- Use on class A or B fires.
- Do not use on class C fires.
- Direct stream into the burning liquid.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
• Carbon dioxide-type fire extinguisher– Use on class B or C fires.– Do not use on class A fires.– Direct stream as close as possible to the fire.– Direct stream at the edge of the flames, and
gradually move stream forward and upward.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
• Multi-purpose dry chemical-type extinguisher– Use on class A, B, or C fires.– Direct stream at the base of the flames with a
rapid left-to-right motion.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
• Soda-acid-type extinguisher– Use on class A fires.– Do not use on class B or C fires.
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Work Area Safety and Shop Safety Equipment (Cont’d)
Using a fire extinguisher:
• Pull the pin from the handle.
• Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, or as required by the class of fire.
• Squeeze the handle.
• Discharge the extinguisher stream as required by the class of fire.
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Employer Obligations• Employer responsibilities include
providing:– Wages and fringe benefits– A clean, safe place to work – Instruction, supervision, and training– Opportunity– Fair treatment
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Employee Obligations• Employee responsibilities include:
– Productivity and quality– Teamwork and positive attitude– Honesty and loyalty– Responsibility, punctuality, and regular
attendance– Adherence to directions, and federal and state
regulations
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ASE Certification
• There are eight basic areas of certification.
• Each certification test contains 40 to 80 questions.
• Two years of relevant work experience are also required.– Schooling can be substituted for some of the
experience requirement.
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Summary• OSHA provides safe and healthful working
conditions for employees.
• Shop hazards must be avoided.
• Personal protective items must be worn in the shop to prevent personal injury.
• All important safety practices must be followed in the shop.
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Summary (Cont’d)• All instructions and safety guidelines must
be followed when using cleaning and compressed air equipment.
• All procedures for safely raising a vehicle on a lift or jack stands must be followed.
• Always use the proper procedure for lifting heavy objects.
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Summary (Cont’d)• Always follow safe operating procedures
for power, hydraulic, electric, and special engine tools.
• Always follow safe engine lift and vehicle operation procedures.
• Be sure to identify hazardous materials and understand the Right-to-Know Laws.
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Summary (Cont’d)• Always handle and dispose of hazardous
materials properly.
• Be sure to understand how to use shop safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers.
• Always follow all gasoline handling and electrical safety procedures.