Chapter One NotesChapter One NotesExploration and ColonizationExploration and Colonization

What is the joke?

Native AmericansNative Americans

Earliest settlers came over 22-30,000 Earliest settlers came over 22-30,000 years agoyears ago• Hundreds of different tribal groups Hundreds of different tribal groups • Poly-theistic: belief in multiple gods and Poly-theistic: belief in multiple gods and

spiritsspirits Why might this become a problem when the Why might this become a problem when the

Puritans/Spanish come knocking?Puritans/Spanish come knocking?

Tribal Map of North America, pre-colonizationTribal Map of North America, pre-colonization

My House

Europe in the 1400’sEurope in the 1400’s

Social hierarchy existed, Social hierarchy existed, class systemclass system• ReformationReformation begins by begins by

1500, Protestants emerge1500, Protestants emerge• RenaissanceRenaissance spurs interest spurs interest

in science, art, literaturein science, art, literature• People began to question People began to question

traditionstraditionsMartin Luther

I am sooo tired of being

confused with that other guy

Spanish North AmericaSpanish North America

14921492, , Columbus Columbus lands & sparks lands & sparks interest in New interest in New World (Chinese and World (Chinese and Norwegians and Norwegians and millions of Natives millions of Natives were here first…but were here first…but anyhoo)anyhoo)

Treaty of Treaty of TordesillasTordesillas divides New World divides New World between between Spanish/PortugueseSpanish/Portuguese

DYK? I was a businessman, made slaves of Africans AND Native Americans, and used violence to

spread Catholicism? And I get a holiday named after

me!!!

Atrocities Under the Rule of Atrocities Under the Rule of Columbus and the Spanish:Columbus and the Spanish:

Arawak men sent to mines to work, Arawak men sent to mines to work, women to farm, families separated, women to farm, families separated, infants died in scores as mother infants died in scores as mother worked too much to care/feed them.worked too much to care/feed them.

7000 children died in just 3 months 7000 children died in just 3 months as a result of Spanish policiesas a result of Spanish policies

½ of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti ½ of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti were dead in 2 yearswere dead in 2 years• Source: History of the Indies, Bartolome Source: History of the Indies, Bartolome

de las Casasde las Casas

School kids are taught I am a hero?? HA!

Question:Question:

What other events/eras in history are What other events/eras in history are you reminded of when you learn of you reminded of when you learn of the treatment of the Natives in early the treatment of the Natives in early America?America?

Does this formula repeat?Does this formula repeat?

Indians & Indians & DiseaseDisease

Measles and Measles and Smallpox were Smallpox were biggest killers biggest killers

11stst contact contact w/Euro w/Euro diseases diseases decimated decimated IndiansIndians

Exchange & EmpireExchange & Empire Columbian Exchange/Triangular Trade:Columbian Exchange/Triangular Trade:

• transfer of goods between Americas to and from transfer of goods between Americas to and from Europe/AfricaEurope/Africa

Flora, fauna, animals and disease were spread worldwide Flora, fauna, animals and disease were spread worldwide as wellas well

Impact of Columbian ExchangeImpact of Columbian Exchange

Google it!Google it! Horses, pigs, goats, sheep, worms, bees, Horses, pigs, goats, sheep, worms, bees,

cattle, and other ‘new’ plants, bacteria, cattle, and other ‘new’ plants, bacteria, and animals dramatically changed the and animals dramatically changed the ecology of North Americaecology of North America

Europeans began to create landscapes Europeans began to create landscapes that looked like home (fences, that looked like home (fences, settlements, farming fields, etc.)settlements, farming fields, etc.)

Natives struggled to adapt to slow but Natives struggled to adapt to slow but drastic changes to their landdrastic changes to their land

ConquestConquest

ConquistadorsConquistadors and and missionaries spread missionaries spread Catholicism in the New WorldCatholicism in the New World

Came to the Came to the American American SouthwestSouthwest seeking seeking gold/treasuregold/treasure• Cortes, Pineda, De Soto, Cortes, Pineda, De Soto,

and Coronado all and Coronado all explored/claimed land for explored/claimed land for SpainSpain

Spanish Mission SystemSpanish Mission System Goal was to covert Goal was to covert

Natives to Natives to Catholicism, Catholicism, ChristianityChristianity• Most met with Most met with

failure as Natives failure as Natives resistedresisted

• Some Natives Some Natives ‘pretended’ in order ‘pretended’ in order to use Spanishto use Spanish

• San Antonio de San Antonio de Valero mission Valero mission (Alamo), est. 1718 (Alamo), est. 1718 in Texasin Texas

Don’t forget me!