Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of...
Transcript of Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of...
Chapter One – Introduction to Computers
What is Computer Literacy?Knowledge and understanding of computers
and the usage.Computer is everyway.
Discussion – is there any computer system around you?
What is a Computer?A collection of electronic devices that links
together for data processing.A computer is a programmable machine
that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.
Information processing cycleInput ProcessOutputStorageCommunication
InputProces
s
Storage
Output
INPUT
Data – Raw facts, figures, symbols
PROCESS
Data are organized into meaningful, useful format.
Process data into Information
OUTPUT
Display/present the outcomes of
process (INFORMATION)
to user
PROCEDURES & STORES RESULTS
Components of a ComputerInput Devices –
Hardware devices used for entering data and instructions into the Computer.
Examples - Keyboard, Microphone, Mouse, Scanner, trackball, joystick, touch screen, paddle, motion sensing , light pen, webcam, scanner, bar code reader, laser rangefinder etc…
Components of a ComputerOutput device is any
piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world
Examples – Screen(Monitor), Speaker, Headphones, projector, printer, etc…
Components of a ComputerSystem unit, also
known as a base unit, is the main body of a desktop computer, typically consisting of a plastic enclosure containing the motherboard, power supply, cooling fans, internal disk drives, and the memory modules and expansion cards that are plugged into the motherboard, such as video and network cards.
Components of a ComputerTwo main
components on motherboardCentral Processing
Unit (CPU)Memory
Components of a ComputerCentral Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Also known as ProcessorElectronics components
that interprets and carries out the instructions(programs) that operates the computer.
Is the primary element that carry out computer functions.
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.
Random Access Memory (RAM)Also known as Main
Memory or Primary Storage
Example: SDRAM
Components of a ComputerComputer Data StorageOften called storage or memory, Recording media that retain digital data used
for computing.Information retention. Note:
Memory usually refers to random-access memory(RAM) and sometimes other forms of fast but temporary storage.
Storage commonly refers to mass storage — optical discs, hard disk drives, and other types slower than RAM, but of a more permanent nature.
Components of a ComputerMain Memory StoragePrimary Storage,
Internal MemoryVolatileRAM, SDRAM
Secondary Storage, External Memory
Non-volatileHard disk drive, CD,
DVD, flash memory (e.g. USB flash drives), floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punched cards, and Iomega Zip drives.
Components of a ComputerCommunication Media
Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instruction and information.
Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular phone, satellite and other transmission media.
Advantages and Disadvantages of using ComputerAdvantages
Speed Faster data transferReliabilityConsistencyStorageCommunication
DisadvantagesViolation of PrivacyImpact on labor force
Use of robotics technology in factory, mines
Health Risk Carpal tunnel syndrome other repetititive strain
disorders Eye strain
Impact on Environment anti-social behavior and
depression.
Networks and InternetA computer network, often simply referred to
as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with other users.
Share Resources Hardware devicesSoftware (programs, application)DataInformation
To save time and money
Networks and InternetServer
Manage the resources on the network.
Client access the recourses from the server.
A computer system that provides essential services across a network.
Networks and InternetInternet
Worldwide collections of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educations institutions and individuals.
Inter-operability is the ability to communicate with a computer even if it is a different brand or model
Networks and InternetWhy do people use the Internet?
ShoppingEducationCommunicationInstant MessagingE-mailBankingInvestmentEntertainmentData Transfer
Networks and InternetWeb Site
A Web site is a collection of related Web documents that are made available to the public
The index page, or home page, is the first page of a Web site
Web pages are individual Web documents
Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video and links (hyperlink) to other web pages.
Intranet?An intranet is a private computer network
that uses Internet Protocol technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information or network operating system within that organization.
Computer Software•All the programs that give the computer its instructions.•Two categories of software:
Programs that control and maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
Programs that perform specific tasks for users.
System Software Application Software
Computer SoftwareSystem Software
1. Operating System Is a set of programs
that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software.
2. Utility Program Allow the user to
perform maintenance-type task usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs.
Computer SoftwareGraphical User Interface
(GUI)Allow users to interact with
the software using graphics and icons.
Controls how user enter data and how the screen displays information.
A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation to fully represent the information and actions available to a user.
Computer SoftwareProgram
A sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer.
ProgrammerSomeone who writes
computer software. Also refer to a
specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.
#include <stdio.h>int main(void){
puts("Hello world!");return 0;
}
Categories of ComputersPersonal Computers
Deskstop (IBM)iMac (Machitosh)
Mobile devices (computer)Notebook(Laptop)Tablet PCPersonal Digital
Assistant (PDA)
Categories of Computers Midrange server
(Minicomputer) Powerful, large computer
that support up to few thousands computers.
handle the computing for small corporations
Mainframe Very powerful, supports
thousands of computers. Supercomputer
Fastest, most powerful, most expensive,
Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculation. (NASA)
Embedded Computer
Categories of ComputersEmbedded ComputerA special-purpose
computer that function as a component in a large product.
It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts
Designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions
range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers.
Elements of an Information SystemInformation System
Frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, processes, data and technology.
Organization, people interact with this technology in support of business processes.
MIS, DSS, EIS
ElementsHardwareSoftwareDataPeopleProcedures
Examples of Computer usageComputers can work
with all types of dataPurchase CDs from an
online storeOrganize music
collectionsResearch music
reviewsSend e-mail to friends
and familyUse a word-processor
to create a term paper
Examples of Computer usageFacilitate
collaborationFacilitate learning
with computer-based study guides
Internet researchManufacturingEducationMilitaryEntertainment
Computer Application in SocietyEducation FinanceGovernmentHealth careSciencePublishingTravelIndustry
Thank You