Chapter Menu
description
Transcript of Chapter Menu
![Page 1: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter Menu
Mixtures and Solutions
Section 14.1 Types of Mixtures
Section 14.2 Solution Concentration
Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation
Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions
ExitClick a hyperlink or folder tab to view
the corresponding slides.
![Page 3: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Section 14-1
Section 14.1 Types of Mixtures
• Compare the properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions.
solute: a substance dissolved in a solution
suspension
colloid
Brownian motion
Tyndall effect
soluble
miscible
insoluble
immiscible
• Identify types of colloids and types of solutions.
• Describe the electrostatic forces in colloids.
Mixtures can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous.
![Page 4: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Section 14-1
Heterogeneous Mixtures
• A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.
• Suspensions are mixtures containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed.
![Page 5: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Section 14-1
Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont.)
• Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures of intermediate sized particles (between 1 nm and 1000 nm) and do not settle out.
• The most abundant substance in a mixture is the dispersion medium.
• Colloids are categorized according to the phases of their particles.
![Page 6: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Section 14-1
Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont.)
![Page 7: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Section 14-1
Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont.)
• Brownian motion is the jerky, random movements of particles in a liquid colloid, from the results of particle collisions.
• The Tyndall effect is when dispersed colloid particles scatter light.
![Page 8: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Section 14-1
Homogeneous Mixtures
• Solutions are homogeneous mixtures that contain two or more substances called the solute and solvent.
• Most solutions are liquids, but gaseous and solid solutions exist.
![Page 9: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Section 14-1
Homogeneous Mixtures (cont.)
![Page 10: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Section 14-1
Homogeneous Mixtures (cont.)
• A substance that dissolves in a solvent is soluble.
• Two liquids that are soluble in each other in any proportion are miscible.
• A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is insoluble.
• Two liquids that can be mixed but separate shortly after are immiscible.
![Page 11: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-1
0% 0%0%0%
Section 14.1 Assessment
Miscible substances are:
A. two liquids that are not soluble in each other
B. solids that dissolve in liquids
C. solids that do not dissolve in liquids
D. two liquids that are soluble in each other
![Page 12: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-1
0% 0%0%0%
Section 14.1 Assessment
The jerky, random movement of particles in a liquid colloid is known as ____.
A. Brownian motion
B. Tyndall effect
C. Charles’s Law
D. kinetic energy
![Page 13: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
End of Section 14-1
![Page 14: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Section 14-2
Section 14.2 Solution Concentration
• Describe concentration using different units.
solvent: the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
concentration
molarity
molality
mole fraction
• Determine the concentrations of solutions.
• Calculate the molarity of a solution.
Concentration can be expressed in terms of percent or in terms of moles.
![Page 15: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Section 14-2
Expressing Concentration
• The concentration of a solution is a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution.
• Concentration can be described as concentrated or dilute.
![Page 16: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Section 14-2
Expressing Concentration (cont.)
![Page 17: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Section 14-2
Expressing Concentration (cont.)
![Page 18: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Section 14-2
Expressing Concentration (cont.)
• Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution.
• Dilution equation: M1V1 = M2V2
![Page 19: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Section 14-2
Expressing Concentration (cont.)
• Molality is the ratio of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent.
![Page 20: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Section 14-2
Expressing Concentration (cont.)
• Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of solute and solvent.
where XA and XB represent mole fractions of each substance
![Page 21: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Section 14-2
Expressing Concentration (cont.)
![Page 22: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-2
0% 0%0%0%
Section 14.2 Assessment
Which is NOT a quantitative measure of concentration?
A. molarity
B. molality
C. percent by mass
D. dilute
![Page 23: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-2
Section 14.2 Assessment
0% 0%0%0%
The number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution is called ____.
A. molarity
B. molality
C. percent by volume
D. percent by mass
![Page 24: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
End of Section 14-2
![Page 25: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Section 14-3
Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation
• Describe how intermolecular forces affect solvation.
exothermic: a chemical reaction in which more energy is released than is required to break bonds in the initial reactants
• Define solubility.
• Understand what factors affect solubility.
![Page 26: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Section 14-3
Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation (cont.)
solvation
heat of solution
unsaturated solution
saturated solution
supersaturated solution
Henry’s law
Factors such as temperature, pressure, and polarity affect the formation of solutions.
![Page 27: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Section 14-3
The Solvation Process
• Solvation is the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution.
• Solvation in water is called hydration.
• The attraction between dipoles of a water molecule and the ions of a crystal are greater than the attraction among ions of a crystal.
![Page 28: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Section 14-3
The Solvation Process (cont.)
![Page 29: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Section 14-3
The Solvation Process (cont.)
• Sucrose molecules have several O–H bonds, which become sites for hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
• Oil does not form a solution with water because there is little attraction between polar water molecules and nonpolar oil molecules.
![Page 30: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Section 14-3
The Solvation Process (cont.)
• During solvation, the solute must separate into particles and move apart, which requires energy.
• The overall energy change that occurs during solution formation is called the heat of solution.
![Page 31: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Section 14-3
Factors That Affect Solvation
• Stirring or shaking moves dissolved particles away from the contact surfaces more quickly and allows new collisions to occur.
• Breaking the solute into small pieces increases surface area and allows more collisions to occur.
• As temperature increases, rate of solvation increases.
![Page 32: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Section 14-3
Solubility
• Solubility depends on the nature of the solute and solvent.
• Unsaturated solutions are solutions that contain less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution.
![Page 33: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Section 14-3
Solubility (cont.)
• Saturated solutions contain the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solute at a specific temperature and pressure.
• Solubility is affected by increasing the temperature of the solvent because the kinetic energy of the particles increases.
![Page 34: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Section 14-3
Solubility (cont.)
![Page 35: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Section 14-3
Solubility (cont.)
• A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.
• To form a supersaturated solution, a saturated solution is formed at high temperature and then slowly cooled.
• Supersaturated solutions are unstable.
![Page 36: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Section 14-3
Solubility (cont.)
![Page 37: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Section 14-3
Solubility (cont.)
• Gases are less soluble in liquid solvents at high temperatures.
• Solubility of gases increases as its external pressure is increased.
• Henry’s law states that at a given temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P).
![Page 38: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-3
0% 0%0%0%
Section 14.3 Assessment
For a given amount, which type of solution contains the LEAST amount of solute?
A. solvated
B. saturated
C. supersaturated
D. unsaturated
![Page 39: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-3
Section 14.3 Assessment
0% 0%0%0%
At a given temperature, the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to what?
A. volume
B. mass
C. molarity
D. pressure
![Page 40: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
End of Section 14-3
![Page 41: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Section 14-4
Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions
• Describe colligative properties.
ion: an atom that is electrically charged
• Identify four colligative properties of solutions.
• Determine the boiling point elevation and freezing point depression of a solution.
![Page 42: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Section 14-4
Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions (cont.)
colligative property
vapor pressure lowering
boiling point elevation
freezing point depression
osmosis
osmotic pressure
Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles in a solution.
![Page 43: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Section 14-4
Electrolytes and Colligative Properties
• Colligative properties are physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number of particles but not by the identity of dissolved solute particles.
• Ionic compounds are electrolytes because they dissociate in water to form a solution that conducts electricity.
• Some molecular compounds are also electrolytes.
![Page 44: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Section 14-4
Electrolytes and Colligative Properties (cont.)
• Electrolytes that produce many ions in solution are strong electrolytes.
• Many molecular compounds do not ionize when dissolved, and do not conduct electricity.
![Page 45: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Section 14-4
Vapor Pressure Lowering
• Adding a nonvolatile solute to a solvent lowers the solvent’s vapor pressure.
• When a solute is present, a mixture of solvent and solute occupies the surface area, and fewer particles enter the gaseous state.
• The greater the number of solute particles, the lower the vapor pressure.
![Page 46: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Section 14-4
Vapor Pressure Lowering (cont.)
• Vapor pressure lowering is due to the number of solute particles in solution and is a colligative property of solutions.
![Page 47: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Section 14-4
Boiling Point Elevation
• When a nonvolatile solute lowers the vapor pressure of a solvent, the boiling point is also affected.
• More heat is needed to supply additional kinetic energy to raise the vapor pressure to atmospheric pressure.
![Page 48: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Section 14-4
Boiling Point Elevation (cont.)
• The temperature difference between a solution’s boiling point and a pure solvent's boiling point is called the boiling point elevation.
• ΔTb = Kbm where ΔTb is the boiling point elevation, Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant, and m represents molality.
![Page 49: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Section 14-4
Boiling Point Elevation (cont.)
![Page 50: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Section 14-4
Freezing Point Depression
• At a solvent's freezing point temperature, particles no longer have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome interparticle attractive forces.
• The freezing point of a solution is always lower than that of the pure solvent.
![Page 51: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Section 14-4
Freezing Point Depression (cont.)
• Solute particles interfere with the attractive forces among solvent particles.
• A solution's freezing point depression is the difference in temperature between its freezing point and the freezing point of the pure solvent.
• ΔTf = Kfm where ΔTf is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant, and m is molality.
![Page 52: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Section 14-4
Freezing Point Depression (cont.)
![Page 53: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Section 14-4
Osmotic Pressure
• Osmosis is the diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane.
![Page 54: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Section 14-4
Osmotic Pressure (cont.)
• Osmotic pressure is the amount of additional pressure caused by water molecules that moved that moved into the concentrated solution.
![Page 55: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-4
0% 0%0%0%
Section 14.4 Assessment
Nonvolatile solutes ____ the vapor pressure of a solution.
A. increase
B. decrease
C. do not change
D. unpredictably change
![Page 56: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 14-4
Section 14.4 Assessment
0% 0%0%0%
Colligative properties of a solution depend on:
A. the type of solute
B. the type of solvent
C. the vapor pressure of the solvent
D. the number of particles of solute
![Page 57: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
End of Section 14-4
![Page 58: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Resources Menu
Chemistry Online
Study Guide
Chapter Assessment
Standardized Test Practice
Image Bank
Concepts in Motion
![Page 59: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Study Guide 1
Section 14.1 Types of Mixtures
Key Concepts
• The individual substances in a heterogeneous mixture remain distinct.
• Two types of heterogeneous mixtures are suspensions and colloids.
• Brownian motion is the erratic movement of colloid particles.
• Colloids exhibit the Tyndall effect.
• A solution can exist as a gas, a liquid, or a solid, depending on the solvent.
• Solutes in a solution can be gases, liquids, or solids.
![Page 60: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Study Guide 2
Section 14.2 Solution Concentration
Key Concepts
• Concentrations can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively.
• Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution.
• Molality is the ratio of the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent.
![Page 61: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Study Guide 2
Section 14.2 Solution Concentration (cont.)
Key Concepts
• The number of moles of solute does not change during a dilution.
M1V1 = M2V2
![Page 62: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Study Guide 3
Section 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation
Key Concepts
• The process of solvation involves solute particles surrounded by solvent particles.
• Solutions can be unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated.
• Henry’s law states that at a given temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid.
![Page 63: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Study Guide 4
Section 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions
Key Concepts
• Nonvolatile solutes lower the vapor pressure of a solution.
• Boiling point elevation is directly related to the solution’s molality.
∆Tb = Kbm
• A solution’s freezing point depression is always lower than that of the pure solvent.
∆Tf = Kfm
• Osmotic pressure depends on the number of solute particles in a given volume.
![Page 64: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Chapter Assessment 1
0% 0%0%0%
When dispersed solids in a colloid scatter light, it is known as ____.
A. Tyndall effect
B. Brownian motion
C. Henry’s law
D. Charles’s law
![Page 65: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Chapter Assessment 2
0% 0%0%0%
Molality is:
A. the number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution
B. the volume of solute divided by liters of solution
C. the volume of solute divided by the volume of solution
D. the number of moles of solute divided by kg of solvent
![Page 66: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Chapter Assessment 3
0% 0%0%0%
Which is NOT a type of solution?
A. saturated
B. unsaturated
C. polyunsaturated
D. supersaturated
![Page 67: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Chapter Assessment 4
0% 0%0%0%
The addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solution:
A. increases the freezing point of the solution
B. increases the vapor pressure of the solution
C. lowers the boiling point of the solution
D. decreases vapor pressure of the solution
![Page 68: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Chapter Assessment 5
0% 0%0%0%
Solutes in a solution can be:
A. liquids only
B. liquids and solids only
C. gases and solids only
D. gases, liquids, or solids
![Page 69: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
STP 1
0% 0%0%0%
Which is NOT an intensive physical property?
A. volume
B. hardness
C. density
D. mass
![Page 70: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
STP 2
0% 0%0%0%
Cl2(g) + 2NO(g) → 2NOCl is what type of reaction?
A. dehydration
B. synthesis
C. fusion
D. replacement
![Page 71: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
STP 3
0% 0%0%0%
If 8 mol of H2 is used, how many moles of Fe will be produced?
Fe3O4(s) + 4H2 →3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l)
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
![Page 72: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
STP 4
0% 0%0%0%
Which is NOT a colligative property?
A. heat of solution
B. boiling point elevation
C. vapor pressure lowering
D. freezing point depression
![Page 73: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
STP 5
0% 0%0%0%
Nonvolatile solutes _____ the boiling point of a solution.
A. increase
B. decrease
C. do not change
D. unpredictably change
![Page 74: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
IB Menu
Click on an image to enlarge.
![Page 75: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
IB 1
![Page 76: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
IB 2
![Page 77: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
IB 3
![Page 78: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
IB 4
![Page 79: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
IB 5
![Page 80: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
IB 6
![Page 81: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
IB 7
![Page 82: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
IB 8
![Page 83: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
IB 9
![Page 84: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
IB 10
![Page 85: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
IB 11
![Page 86: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
IB 12
![Page 87: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
IB 13
![Page 88: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
IB 14
![Page 89: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
CIM
Table 14.2 Types and Examples of Solutions
Figure 14.10 Dissolution of Compounds
Figure 14.19 Strong, Weak, and Non-Electrolytes
Figure 14.23 Osmosis
![Page 90: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Help
Click any of the background top tabs to display the respective folder.
Within the Chapter Outline, clicking a section tab on the right side of the screen will bring you to the first slide in each respective section.
Simple navigation buttons will allow you to progress to the next slide or the previous slide.
The “Return” button will allow you to return to the slide that you were viewing when you clicked either the Resources or Help tab.
The Chapter Resources Menu will allow you to access chapter specific resources from the Chapter Menu or any Chapter Outline slide. From within any feature, click the Resources tab to return to this slide.
To exit the presentation, click the Exit button on the Chapter Menu slide or hit Escape [Esc] on your keyboards while viewing any Chapter Outline slide.
![Page 91: Chapter Menu](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070416/568151ee550346895dc026bb/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
End of Custom Shows
This slide is intentionally blank.