CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the writer will present aspects related to the research methodology used in the study in order to analyze the film. These aspects are research design, approach, object of study, data collection, and data analysis.

3.1 Research DesignKumar (2008: 30) states that research design is a written plan for a study which communicates the intentions of researcher, including the purpose of study and its importance, together with step-by-step plan for conducting the study. He further x plains that research design furnishes a clear idea as to the activities which are effective in helping to decide the specific data needs of the study. Thus, it is clear that the presence of research design plays an important role in conducting research since it determines the following stages. The role of design in research is more or less the same as the role of design for architects in constructing buildings; they certainly need to make a design of the building in order to analyze and estimate the details of what they are going to construct.

Mack, Woodsong, MacQueen, Guest and Namey (2005: 1) define that qualitative research is a type of scientific research. which generally consists of: 1) seeking answers to a question, 2) using a predefined set of procedures to answer the question systematically, 3) collecting evidence, (4) produces findings that are not determined in advance, and 5) producing findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study. Since literary works mostly associated with texts, no wonder if any literary studies are presented in form of descriptive -qualitative research; where the object is analyzed qualitatively and then the analysis is presented descriptively. Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, and Razavieh (2006: 29) explain that qualitative researchers seek to understand a phenomenon by focusing on the total picture rather than breaking it down into variables. The goal is a holistic picture and depth of understanding rather than a numeric analysis of data.

In this study, the writer intends to analyze and describe what types ofintelligence that Tintin character performed in his actions and how these influence his success to reveal the secret behind the scrolls of Unicorn ship model.

3.2 ApproachIn general, there are some basic approaches in analyzing a literary work as stated by Abrams in A Glossary of Literary Terms (2008: 62-63). Those types of approaches can be distinguished according to whether they refer the work primarily to the outer world, reader, author, or else that treats the work as an entity in explaining and judging a literary work, and they are as followed:

3.2.1 MimeticAbrams states that (2008: 62-63) mimetic theory views the literary work as an imitation, reflection, or representation of the world and human life, and the primary criterion applied to a work is the truth of its representation to the subject matter that it represents or should represent.

3.2.2 PragmaticAbrams (2008: 63) explains that pragmatic approach views the work as something which is constructed in order to achieve certain effects on the audience (such as aesthetic pleasure, instruction or kinds of emotion), and it tends to judge the value of the work according to its success in achieving that aim.

3.2.3 ExpressiveAbrams (2008: 63) explains that expressive approach views literary works as an expression, or overflow, or utterance of feelings, or as the product of the author's imagination operating on his or her perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

3.2.4 ObjectiveAbrams (2008: 63) states that objective approach views a literary work as something which stands free from what is often called extrinsic relations to the poet, audience or environing world.

Based on those approaches explained above, the writer decides that objective approach is an appropriate approach to be applied in this study since the writer is only focused on analyzirg the content of the film; it is the Tintin character's actions showed his intelligences in order to reveal the secret of scrolls in the Unicorn ship model.

3.3 Object of StudyThe object of this study is The Adventure of Tintin, one of Steven Spielberg's film, which is released in 2011. In this study, the analysis is focused on the Tintin character's actions showed his intelligences to reveal the secret of scrolls in Unicorn ship model. The data are obtained by selecting the actions or dialogues in the scenes of The Adventure of Tintin film that showed Tintin's intelligences.

3.4 Data CollectionData collection is described as a series of interrelated activities aimed at gathering good information to answer emerging research questions (Creswell, 2007: 118). In this study, the data going to be analyzed is visual data, it is in form of pictures captured from the film which showed Tintin's actions represented the intelligences he possessed, which are really helpful to solve the case related to the secret behind the scrolls in Unicorn ship model. The data are obtained by selecting several scenes showed Tintin's actions represented his intelligences.

3.5 Data AnalysisAfter collected the data, the writer will analyze the data obtained by applying such procedures as follow:

3.5.1 Identifying Tintins problems and itss solutions

3.5.2 Correlating Tintins Solutions with The Theory of Successful Intelligence

3.5.3 Classifying the Types of Intelligence Performed by Tintin Character

The writer selects the collected data in form of picture captured from the film based on the relevancy to the Tintin's effort to reveal the secret behind the Unicorn ship model. Afterwards, the selected data showed the intelligences performed by Tintin character will be classified based on the types of intelligences proposed by Robert Sternberg in his Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.

3.5.4 Explaining the Types of Intelligence Performed by Tintin Character.

After classified the selected data, the writers explains more detail about the types of intelligence performed by Tintin character including the. characteristics of each type 44 Intelligence how Tintin applies them.

3.5.5 Drawing Conclusion Based on the Findings and Discussions.

The writer draws the conclusion from the analysis of Tintin character's types of intelligence regarding to the statement of problem.