Chapter IIChapter II

Let the fun begin Let the fun begin

Energy Energy

Kinetic Energy- Actually doing workPotential Energy- Stored and Inactive

In this picture: What is the Kinetic Energy and What is the Potential Energy?

Potential Energy

Kinetic

Energy

Forms of Energy Forms of Energy

Chemical:Chemical: stored in bonds of chemical stored in bonds of chemical substances Ex: Semtex (an Explosive) or substances Ex: Semtex (an Explosive) or GasolineGasoline

Electrical:Electrical: product of the movement of product of the movement of charged particles called “ions” Ex: Neural charged particles called “ions” Ex: Neural impulses of the brain impulses of the brain

Mechanical:Mechanical: DIRECTLY involved with DIRECTLY involved with movement Ex. Muscle Contractions movement Ex. Muscle Contractions

Radiant:Radiant: Travels in waves of the Travels in waves of the electromagnetic spectrum Ex: X-rays, UV electromagnetic spectrum Ex: X-rays, UV light, IR (infrared)light, IR (infrared)

How to How to remember that?remember that?

M.E.R.C or C.R.E.M.M.E.R.C or C.R.E.M.~What ever is easiest ~What ever is easiest

for you~for you~

Organic Organic Compounds Compounds

Definition:Definition: Carbon- Carbon-containing compoundscontaining compounds

Also include: Oxygen, Also include: Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen Hydrogen and Nitrogen

CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATES

Includes:

Sugars

Starches

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES

A common Sugar is: GlucoseGlucose

Also called a Monosaccharide Monosaccharide

MonoMono (meaning ONE)

SaccharideSaccharide (meaning SUGAR)

C6H12O6

Glucose

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES

DISACCHARIDDISACCHARIDESES

Are simply 2 2 sugarssugars bound together by an OxygenOxygen

Examples:

Sucrose (Table sugar)

Lactose (Milk sugar)

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES

POLYSACCHARIDESPOLYSACCHARIDES

Simply Means:

PolyPoly (Meaning MANY *as in more than one*)

SaccharidesSaccharides (Meaning ______?)

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES

Quick Quick Question:Question:

Is this a Polysaccharide?Answer: Answer:

YesYes it is BOTHBOTH a

Disaccharide and a Polysaccharide

So How are Polysaccharides So How are Polysaccharides made?made?

SIMPLE:

Dehydration Dehydration SynthesisSynthesis

Your next question must be:

“What the $%&@$%&@ is Dehydration Synthesis?”

““Dehydration”Dehydration”Simply put is when you LOSE water

But in this case your BUILDING a BOND

Thus the Word

““Synthesis”Synthesis” (meaning bringing together)

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES IMPORTANT POLYSACCHARIDES

STARCH GLYCOGEN

What’s the Difference between them?

Glycogen is SMALLERSMALLER than a Starch Molecule

So then how are So then how are Polysaccharides Polysaccharides BROKENBROKEN

down?down?Simple: HYDROLYSIHYDROLYSISSHydroHydro: Meaning “from water”LysisLysis: Meaning “to separate”

So water (H2O) is added *with the help of an enzyme* and the bonds BREAK

~snap~

The RelationshipThe Relationship

Building = Dehydration Synthesis

Breaking = Hydrolysis