Chapter I: Environmental Context Chapter II: Macro ... · Chapter II: Macro indicators Chapter III:...

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This project is funded by the European Union

MMMMEDSTAT EDSTAT EDSTAT EDSTAT IIIIIIII � Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation

This project is implemented by:

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TRANSPORT STATISTICS

Workshop on the production and analysis of

economic, technical and environmental

performance indicators

Session 1 Day 3

Introduction to Environmental Performance Indicators

Istanbul, 10-13 January 2012

Thierry COULET

Key Expert on Transport Statistics

MEDSTAT III


MMMMEDSTAT EDSTAT EDSTAT EDSTAT IIIIIIII Lot 2 � Euro-Mediterranean Statistical Co-operation

TABLE OF CONTENT RETURN CHAPTER


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Chapter I: Environmental Context

Chapter II: Macro indicators

Chapter III: Micro indicators

Chapter IV: Examples

Chapter V: Calculation of indicators : methodological

tools

TABLE OF CONTENT

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� Chapter I : Environmental Context

> Consumption of non-renewable ressources

> Emissions of Green House Gases

> Atmospheric Pollution

> Noise

> Land Consumption





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� Consumption of non-renewable ressources

> Oil represents 95 to 98% of energetic sources in Transportation

> Road transportation is the main mode of transport in terms of kilometers (80% of km) and energy consumption

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� Sector consumption and modal consumption in the European Union (EU-15)

Source :Eurostat, ODYSSEE





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� Green House Gases Emissions

> CO2 is the main GHG

> Transport is mainly concerned by fossil energy, so directlycontribute to CO2 emissions

> Transport sector accounts for approximatively 30% of GHG emissions

> Besides, CH4 is an important part of emissions resulting fromgas use

> And, some emissions of CFC come from AC of vehicules

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> More than a big part of GHG emissions> The growing trend of transport emissions is worrying (since 1990,

it is approximatively + 25%)> With the household sector, transport experiences the m ost

important growth of emissions





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� Atmospheric Pollution

> Specific problems associated with the use of fossil energy

– Ozone emissions

– Particles (mainly fromdiesel vehicules)

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� Noise

> Very local impact : depends on the population impacted

> « no population impacted no problem »





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� Land Consumption and impact on biodiversity

> Fragmentation of naturalland and wildlife territory

> Change in Land Use

> Difficulty to evaluate

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� A lot of impacts on environment

> Need to evaluate the pressure on environment

> Need to evaluate the vulnerability and dependence of th e transport sector on fossil energy provision (especial ly withthe rapid growth of oil prices)





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�Chapter II: Macro Indicators

> Objective : to evaluate the shareof the transport sector in the different impacts of energy consumption on environment

> Methodology : Top-down

Need to act because the transport sector is one of the main sectors contributing to environmentalimpacts (GHG emissions, local pollution) and a sector which is verydependent on fossil energy

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� Chapter III : Micro Indicators

Main objective : to enable to measure the evolution of environmentalimpacts of the transport sector and of its differentmodes

> Methodology : Bottom-up





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� Chapter IV Example : indicators used in ODYSSEE MURE

> Macro-economic indicators, such as energy intensities

> More detailed technical and economic indicators, at the level of sub-sectors (industry, services), end-uses (heating, major household electrical appliances), modes of transport (cars, trucks…), so as to improve the interpretation of the factors behind the trends observed (technical, behavioural, economic…).

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� Global Evolution (constant structure) : ODEX





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� Chapter IV : Examples

> List of environmentindicators from the European EnvironmentAgency

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� Distinction between « economic efficiency » and « environmental impact » is not always easy Growth of Mobility : factor of progress or factor of g rowingimpact ?





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� Key messages and trends for Energy Efficiency of transport in UE

> Since 2000, with the sharp increase in oil prices, the ra te of growth of consumption has slowed down.

> The transport sector was 9% more energy efficient in 2 004 than in 1990. Most of the gain comes from cars. There has been no efficiency improvement for road freight transp ort since 1998, a mode experiencing a very rapid growth in energy consumption.

> The transport sector is the only sector where CO2 emissio nscontinue to increase : in 2004 emissions where 25% a bovetheir 1990 level.

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� Chapter V: Calculation of indicators : methodological tools

> Carbone balanceTool developped to allowcompanies to start reducingtheir dependence on fossil fuels

Indicators : emissions related to specific activitiesExample : g CO2/veh.km





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� Eco Passenger (UIC)

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� Comparator Eco Deplacement (ADEME – French Agencyfor Energy Management)





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� Eco comparator (voyages-sncf.com)

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� Conclusions

> Need to define priorities

> Difficulty to produce indicators that catch all impac tsSome data are sometimes confidential as a result of privatisation (i.e railway companies in different countries in Europe)

> Two main objectives (with often different indicators)1. Information to the public with a view to influence modal split

2. Evaluation of policies

A way to develop reporting : Calculations based on tools and softwares used by companies and the public at large





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