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176© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Wingerd, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology Complete!, 2nd Edition

CHAPTER 8The Cardiovascular System

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this chapter, you will be able to:

• Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the cardiovascular system.

• Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the cardiovascular system.

• Build medical terms from the word parts associated with the cardiovascular system.

• Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the cardiovascular system.

177 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Wingerd, In-Class Activities to Accompany Medical Terminology Complete!, 2nd Edition


Worksheet 1

Phonetic Spelling Challenge

Spell the medical term correctly in the space provided.

1. ah RITH mee ah

2. ahr TEE ree oh skleh ROH siss

3. kor pull moh NAY lee

4. HIGH poh TEN shun

5. throm BOH siss

6. NIGH troh GLIH ser ihn

7. dee fib rih LAY shun

8. AN jee oh plass tee

9. fleh BOT oh mee

10. ahr tee ree OG rah fee

11. teh TRALL oh jee of fah LOH

12. iss KEE mee ah

13. fih bril AY shun

14. brad ee KAR dee ah

15. ay or TYE tiss

16. kar dee oh my OPP ah thee

17. EHN doh kar DYE tiss

18. AN jee oh spazm

19. pal pih TAY shun

20. tack ee KAR dee ah


Spelling Challenge

These terms are spelled incorrectly. Spell each term correctly in the space provided.

1. Dopler sonographey

2. Anjiotomy

3. Halter monitor

4. Phebectomey

5. Cardioemeggaly

6. Arteriopathey

7. Myoncarditis

8. Valveoloplasty

9. Phebottomy

10. Spygmomanometry

11. Thrombolitic

12. Corocanary

13. Angiopasty

14. Catheterezation

15. Electronecardiography

Abbreviation Matchup

Select and match the correct abbreviation to the definition.

1. positron emission tomography 2. congestive heart failure 3. myocardial infarction 4. atrioventricular 5. coronary artery disease 6. atherosclerotic heart disease 7. atrial septal defect 8. coronary artery bypass graft 9. electrocardiogram 10. cardiopulmonary resuscitation

a. AVb. ASHD c. CABGd. CHFe. CPRf. MIg. ECG/EKGh. PET i. ASD j. CAD

True/False

Mark each statement as true (T) or false (F).

1. A heart attack is an MI.

2. Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart is called phlebitis.

3. An abnormally low flow of blood to tissues is the condition known as hypotension.

4. An inflammation of the valves of the heart is called cardiovalvulitis.

5. An injury to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which normally receives impulses from the sinoatrial node (SA node) and transmits them to the ventricles to stimulate ventricular systole, is called an AV block.

6. Cardiovalvulitis is usually diagnosed from the presence of a heart murmur.

7. A chronic condition of abnormally low blood pressure is called hypertension.

8. The primary symptom of an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart is chest pain, called angina pectoris.

9. A general term for a disease that afflicts the coronary arteries supplying the heart is athersosclerosis.

10. Inflammation of the myocardium of the heart is an acute condition called pericarditis.

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank with the correct medical term from this chapter.

11. The presence of stationary blood clots within one or more blood vessels is called .

12. Death of a portion of the myocardium is called .

13. An abnormally dilated vein is called .

14. A congenital disease characterized by aortic stenosis that is present at birth is known as .

15. A(n) is a general term that means “blockage.”

16. Persistently high blood pressure is an abnormal condition called .

17. The use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument, or endoscope, to observe a diseased blood vessel to assess the lesion is a procedure called .

18. A procedure that obtains an x-ray image of an artery is known as .

19. An incision into an artery is called .

20. Insertion of a narrow, flexible tube, called a catheter, through a coronary vessel into the heart is called .

Short Answer

Write the definition for each of the following terms.

21. Cardiac pacemaker

22. CABG

23. Echocardiography

24. Embolectomy

25. Endarterectomy

Word Search

Fill in the blank with the correct medical term from this chapter, then find the words in the word search puzzle that follows.

1. Abnormal muscular contractions, or spasms, of the smooth muscles forming vessel walls are called .

2. ____________________________ is an abnormally slow heart rate, usually under 50 beats per minute.

3. A symptom in which a blue tinge is seen in the skin and mucous membranes is called ____________________________.

4. A congenital condition characterized by a failure of the foramen ovale to close at birth, producing an opening in the septum that separates the right and left atria, is called ____________________________ septal defect.

5. A general term for a disease of the myocardium of the heart is

6. A tumor arising from a blood vessel is called a(n) .

7. A general term for a disease of an artery is .

8. An interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart is called heart ____________________________..

9. A chronic condition of abnormally low blood pressure is called ____________________________.

10. The presence of swollen, or varicose, veins in the anal region is called ____________________________.

11. A congenital disease characterized by aortic stenosis that is present at birth is known as ____________________________ of the aorta.

12. Persistently high blood pressure is an abnormal condition called ____________________________.

13. An injury to the atrioventricular node (AV node) is called a(n) ____________________________ block.

14. A(n) cardiac is a battery-powered device that is implanted under the skin and wired to the wall of the heart.

15. An ultrasound procedure that directs sound waves through the heart to observe heart structures in an effort to evaluate heart function is called .

L F V H V R L Q Q P L K B Y B T B G

F Y H P A R G O I D R A C O H C E Q

J H Y P E R T E N S I O N O G G T A

T Q N L T K Z K M D K T C J L C M T

K R M P T K M L R Y L M A K T B R R

T G R R A R T A T X J S R L K R H I

N V B A K C C K W N D K D Y L R K O

O N M X T Y E N W I H N I N H R M V

I T T T D R Q M O Z K L O O C L S E

S K D A L N I H A A Z N M I Q M A N

N N R J L W R A N K D V Y T J P P T

E B Y L N R M G L T E B O A W N S R

T Y B P O T I B T W V R P T F R O I

O X T M R O P Z M K H M A C Q Y I C

P T E R M R T V W J G K T R N M G U

Y H T A P O I R E T R A H A D D N L

H T N N R L G R D N N N Y O G P A A

M C Y A N O S I S R T R L C Y T W R

chapter 8the cardiovascular system

Worksheet 2


Worksheet 2

Dictation Report

Write each numbered term as you hear it, spelling each term correctly. This exercise will help you learn to hear, comprehend, visualize, and spell the new medical terms accurately.

Understanding the (1) _____________________ system is essential for any medical professional. The

medical professional associated with this system is known as a(n) (2) _____________________. There are

many terms describing pain in the chest caused by heart-related problems. The primary symptom of an

insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart is chest pain, called (3) _____________________. Pain caused

by a sudden blockage of a vessel in the heart is known as a(n) (4) _____________________. Sometimes

blood vessels narrow, creating a condition known as (5) __________________________. Vessels can

spasm, causing a condition known as (6) __________________________.

These conditions can result in a change in the heartbeat or rhythm. A heartbeat that is too fast

is called (7) _________________. A heartbeat that is too slow is called (8) ___________________. A

loss of the normal rhythm of the heart is called (9) _______________________________. The term

(10) _________________________ is a general term that means “pertaining to the heart.”

Sometimes a vessel has a weak spot that bulges out. This is called a(n) (11) _____________.

If the vessel bursts, it can cause sudden death. Vessels are a very important part of the cardiovascular

system. The presence of swollen, or varicose, veins in the anal region is called (12) _______________.

If vessels are damaged and are not delivering sufficient blood to the body, the body can suffer from

(13) __________________, or abnormally low flow of blood to tissues. The force of the blood moving

inside the blood vessels can be measured by a simple procedure that measures arterial blood pressure

called (14) .

If pressure is too low, the condition is called (15) . If the pressure

inside the vessels is too high, the condition is called (16) . This

measurement is made with a(n) (17) .

The cardiovascular system can also suffer from an infection, just like any other part of the

body. (18) is an inflammation of the endocardium. Inflammation

of the heart and blood vessels is a disease called (19) . An inflamma-

tion the valves of the heart is called (20) . Inflammation of the myocar-

dium of the heart is an acute condition called (21) . Inflammation of

the membrane surrounding the heart, the pericardium, is called (22) .

Inflammation of a vein is called (23) . Simultaneous inflammation

of many arteries is a condition known as (24) .

Sometimes something blocks or occludes a vessel. A(n) (25) is a

blockage within a coronary artery, resulting in a reduced blood flow to an area of the heart wall. A

blood clot or foreign particle (including air or fat) that moves through the circulation is called a(n)

(26) . An embolism can block the flow of blood to tissues, causing a

condition known as (27) . The presence of stationary blood clots

within one or more blood vessels is called a(n) (28) . As an area

of the heart is deprived of adequate blood flow, the heart gradually dies, which is called a “heart

attack,” or a(n) (29) .


Worksheet 3



Worksheet 3

Word Surgery

Read the Medical Word. Break down the medical word into its word parts, and give the meaning of each word part. Then give the definition of the medical word.

1. CardiomyopathyDefinition:

Combining form and definition:

Suffix and definition:

2. ValvuloplastyDefinition:



3. AtrioventricularDefinition:



4. AngiostenosisDefinition:



5. EchocardiogramDefinition:



6. SphygmomanometerDefinition:




7. AtherosclerosisDefinition:



8. UltrasonographyDefinition:

Prefix and definition:



9. EmbolectomyDefinition:



10. Coronary ischemiaDefinition:



11. Ventricular septal defectDefinition:



12. CardiogenicDefinition:



13. ThrombolyticDefinition:



14. VasculitisDefinition:




Worksheet 186



Worksheet 4

Case Study

Fill in the blank with the correct medical term from this chapter.

Deborah is a 63-year-old brought by ambulance to the emergency room after she developed chest pain

radiating to her left arm with difficult breathing, sweating, nausea, and lightheadedness. She was exer-

cising at the gym when this occurred. In the emergency room she still had the chest pain and underwent

diagnostic testing, including blood tests, chest x-ray, and a test of the electrical conduction system of the

heart. This test is called a(n) (1). Based on these tests, Deborah is

given the diagnosis of a heart attack, also known as a(n) (2). Early in

the course of a heart attack accurate diagnosis of where the blockage is and clearing the blockage out of

the artery will save heart muscle from dying. Thus, Deborah was taken for a test called a coronary

catheterization to image the arteries of the heart. The test to image the arteries of the heart is also

called a(n) (3). The image resulting from this test, called a(n)

_________________________________ (4), showed a blockage in a major artery of the heart, generally

known as a(n) _________________________________ (5). During this same procedure a balloon can

be used to open the blocked artery. This procedure is called a(n) ____________________________ (6).

Frequently this procedure is followed with placing a scaffold to keep the artery open. This scaffold is

called a(n) _________________________________ (7). Because of this series of diagnostics and thera-

peutics, Deborah did not have any significant heart muscle damage. The heart muscle itself is called

_________________________________ (8).



Worksheet 5

Medical Report Analysis

Consider the following excerpt from a clinician’s notes following completion of a cardiovascular examination. For the highlighted terms or word parts, provide the meaning.

Patient was referred to cardiology (A) ________________________________ for evaluation of

ischemic chest pain not accompanied by diagnostic changes on electocardiogram (B)

_______________________. Echocardiographic (C) _______________________________ evaluation

showed normal muscular activity and sufficient blood flow to the muscle. However, membrane

abnormalities suggestive of pericarditis (D) ___________________________________ were noted.

Complete blood count and blood cultures were ordered. Due to accumulation of purulent fluid within

the sac a pericardiocentesis (E) ______________________________was conducted.


Worksheet 188



Worksheet 6

Which Term Does Not Belong?

Circle the term that is not related to the other terms. Then explain why the term does not belong with the others.

1. Signs and symptomsa. arrythmiab. cardiodyniac. cyanosisd. palpitatione. pectoral

Why does it not belong?

2. Diseases and disordersa. cardiogramb. embolismc. hypertensiond. pericarditise. phlebitis


3. Treatments and proceduresa. aortic stenosisb. echocardiographyc. embolectomyd. phlebotomye. valvuloplasty


4. Treatments and proceduresa. angioplastyb. auscultationc. cardiac catheterizationd. cardiomyopathye. defibrillation



5. Word rootsa. angi b. ather c. metry d. mye. sclera



Worksheet 7



Worksheet 7

Labeling

Label the diagram below.

= Blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide (deoxygenated)

= Blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide (oxygenated)



Worksheet 8

Key Terms Double Check

Remember that the chapter’s key terms appeared alphabetically throughout this chapter. This exercise helps you check your knowledge and review for tests.

1. First, fill in the missing word in the definitions for the chapter’s key terms.

2. Then, check your answers using the answer key.

3. If you got the answer right, put a checkmark in the right column.

4. If your answer was incorrect, go back to the frame number provided and review the content.

Use the checklist to study the terms you don’t know until you’re confident you know them all.

Key Term Frame Definition Know It?1. aneurysm 8.18 an abnormal of an arterial ❒

wall usually caused by a congenital defect or an acquired weakness of the arterial wall

2. angina pectoris 8.7 chest pain that is a primary symptom of an insuf- ❒ficient supply of to the heart

3. angiocarditis 8.19 inflammation of the and blood ❒vessels, usually caused by widespread bacterial infection of the blood

4. angiography 8.60 a diagnostic procedure that includes x-ray photog- ❒raphy, MRI, or

images of a blood vessel afterinjection of a contrast medium

5. angioma 8.20 a tumor arising from a blood vessel, also known ❒as a(n)

6. angioplasty 8.61 the surgical repair of a blood vessel, includ- ❒ing angioplasty and laser angioplasty

7. angioscopy 8.62 the use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument, or ❒ , to observe a diseased blood vessel and to assess any lesions


Key Term Frame Definition Know It?8. angiospasm 8.8 abnormal contractions, or ❒

spasms, of the smooth muscles forming the vessel walls

9. angiostenosis 8.9 narrowing of a blood causing ❒the reduction of blood flow to a part of the body

10. angiostomy 8.63 the surgical creation of an opening into a ❒blood vessel, usually for the insertion of a(n)

11. angiotomy 8.64 the surgical into a blood vessel ❒12. aortic insufficiency 8.21 a condition in which the semilunar valve ❒

fails to close completely during ventricular ___________, causing blood to return to the left ventricle, which makes the left ventricle work harder

13. aortic stenosis 8.22 a narrowing of the that reduces ❒the flow of blood through this large vessel, which causes the left ventricle to work harder than normal

14. aortitis 8.23 of the aorta often caused by a ❒bacterial infection

15. aortography 8.65 a procedure that obtains an x-ray photograph, ❒MRI, or CT scan image of the aorta; the image is called a(n)

16. arrhythmia 8.10 the loss of the normal rhythm of the heart; also ❒called

17. arteriography 8.66 a procedure that obtains an image of an artery ❒that is called a(n)

18. arteriopathy 8.24 a general term for a disease of a(n) ❒

19. arteriosclerosis 8.25 a disease in which an artery wall becomes thick- ❒ened and loses its , resulting in a reduced flow of blood to tissues

20. arteriotomy 8.67 an incision into a(n) ❒21. atherosclerosis 8.26 a form of arteriosclerosis in which one or more ❒

fatty form along the inner walls of arteries, reducing the flow of blood through the affected vessel

Key Term Frame Definition Know It?22. atrial septal defect 8.27 a congenital condition characterized by a failure ❒

of the foramen ovale to close at birth, producing an opening in the septum that separates the right and left

23. atriomegaly 8.28 a condition of abnormally enlarged or dilated ❒atria with reduced ability to push blood into the

24. atrioventricularblock

8.29 an injury to the node (AV node), ❒which normally receives impulses from the sinoatrial node (SA node) and transmits them to the ventricles to stimulate ventricular systole

25. auscultation 8.68 a physical examination that involves listening to ❒internal sounds using a(n)

26. bradycardia 8.11 an abnormally heart rate ❒27. cardiac arrest 8.30 the of heart activity ❒28. cardiac

catheterization8.69 the insertion of a narrow flexible tube, called a(n) ❒

, through a blood vessel lead- ing into the heart for the purpose of withdrawing samples or injecting contrast medium

29. cardiac pacemaker 8.70 a battery-powered device that is implanted under ❒the skin and wired to the of the heart to produce timed electric pulses that replace the function of the SA node

30. cardiac tamponade 8.31 an acute compression of the heart due to the accu- ❒mulation of within the pericar- dial cavity

31. cardiodynia 8.12 an alternate term for chest ❒32. cardiogenic 8.13 a symptom or sign that from a ❒

condition of the heart

33. cardiomegaly 8.32 an abnormally heart, which ❒occurs when the heart must work harder than normal to meet the oxygen demands of body cells

34. cardiomyopathy 8.33 a general term for a disease of the ❒ of the heart

35. cardioplegia 8.14 a sign in which the heart has become ❒

36. cardiopulmonary resuscitation

8.71 an emergency procedure that is used to restore ❒breathing by applying a combination of chest and artificial ventilation at intervals

Key Term

Frame

Definition Know It?


Key Term

Frame Definition Know It?37. cardiovalvulitis 8.34 inflammation of the valves of the heart that is ❒

usually diagnosed from the presence of a(n)

38. coarctation of the aorta

39. congestive heart failure

, which is a gurgling sound detected during auscultation

8.35 a congenital defect that is present at birth that ❒causes reduced systemic circulation of blood and of fluid in the lungs

8.36 a chronic form of heart disease characterized by ❒the failure of the left ventricle to pump enough blood to supply systemic tissues, abbreviated

40. cor pulmonale 8.37 a chronic enlargement of the right ventricle result- ❒ing from congestion of the circulation

41. coronary artery bypass graft

42. coronary artery disease

8.72 a surgical procedure that involves removing a ❒blood vessel from another part of the body and inserting it into the coronary circulation, abbreviated

8.38 a disease that afflicts the arteries ❒supplying the heart

43. coronary occlusion 8.39 within a coronary artery, result- ❒ing in a reduced blood flow to an area of the heart muscle

44. coronary stent 8.73 an artificial, metallic scaffold that is used to ❒anchor a surgical implant, or

45. cyanosis 8.15 a symptom of a blue tinge in the skin and ❒mucous membranes that is caused by oxygen in tissues

46. defibrillation 8.74 an electric charge applied to the chest wall to stop ❒the heart conduction system , then restart it with a more normal heart rhythm

47. Doppler sonography

8.75 a(n) procedure that evaluates ❒blood flow through a blood vessel to evaluate coronary circulation

48. echocardiography 8.76 an ultrasound procedure that directs sound waves ❒through the heart to observe heart structures to evaluate heart function; recorded data is typically called a(n)

Key Term Frame Definition Know It?49. electrocardiography 8.77 a procedure in which electrodes are pasted to ❒

the skin of the chest to detect and record the electrical events of the heart conduction system; the record or image of the data is called a(n)

50. embolectomy 8.78 the surgical removal of a floating blood clot, or ❒

51. embolism 8.40 a blood or foreign particle ❒(including air or fat) that moves through the circu-lation and causes a blockage

52. endarterectomy 8.79 the surgical removal of the inner lining of an ❒artery to remove a(n) plaque

53. endocarditis 8.41 inflammation of the , the mem- ❒brane lining the inside walls of the heart chambers

54. fibrillation 8.42 a condition of , rapid contrac- ❒tions of the muscles forming the ventricles or atria

55. heart block 8.43 a block or delay of the normal ❒conduction of the heart

56. heart murmur 8.44 an abnormal soft gurgling or blowing sound heard ❒during of the heart

57. hemorrhoids 8.45 dilated, or , veins in the anal ❒region

58. Holter monitor 8.80 a portable worn by the patient ❒to monitor electrical activity of the heart over 24-hour periods

59. hypertension 8.46 abnormally high blood pressure; includes ❒ hypertension and secondary hypertension

60. hypotension 8.47 abnormally blood pressure ❒61. ischemia 8.48 abnormally low flow of to tissues ❒

62. myocardial infarction

8.49 the of a portion of the myo- ❒cardium, abbreviated MI and commonly called a heart attack

63. myocarditis 8.50 inflammation of the of the heart ❒that is often caused by bacterial infection

64. nitroglycerin 8.81 a drug commonly used as an emergency ❒ as a treatment for severe angina pectoris or myocardial infarction

Key Term

Frame

Definition Know It?


Key Term

Frame Definition Know It?65. palpitation 8.16 a symptom of pounding, racing, or skipping of the ❒

66. patent ductus arteriosus

8.51 a congenital condition characterized by an ❒ between the pulmonary artery and the aorta due to a failure of the fetal vessel, called the ductus arteriosus, to close

67. pericarditis 8.52 inflammation of the membrane ❒the heart, the pericardium

68. phlebectomy 8.82 the removal of a vein ❒69. phlebitis 8.53 inflammation of a(n) ❒70. phlebotomy 8.83 a puncture into a vein to remove blood for sam- ❒

pling or donation is performed by a healthcare professional called a(n)

71. polyarteritis 8.54 the simultaneous inflammation of ❒ arteries

72. positron emission tomography scan

8.84 a noninvasive procedure that provides blood ❒ flow images using positron emission tomography techniques combined with radioactive isotope

73. septicemia 8.55 a bacterial infection of the that ❒quickly becomes life threatening

74. sphygmomanometry 8.85 a common procedure that measures arterial blood ❒pressure with a device called a

75. tachycardia 8.17 a(n) heart rate ❒76. tetralogy of Fallot 8.56 a severe congenital disease in which four ❒

defects associated with the heart are present at

77. thrombolytic therapy

8.86 treatments to unwanted blood ❒clots after surgery to prevent the development of emboli

78. thrombosis 8.57 the presence of stationary ❒ within one or more blood vessels

79. treadmill stress test 8.87 during echocardiography or ❒electrocardiography (or both) to examine heart function under stress

80. valvuloplasty 8.88 the surgical repair of a heart ❒

Key Term Frame Definition Know It?81. varicosis 8.58 a condition of an abnormally dilated vein that ❒

results when valves within a superficial vein of the leg or elsewhere fail, allowing blood to

82. ventricular septal defect

8.59 a congenital disease in which an opening in the ❒septum separating the right and left ventricles is present at



Worksheet 9

Crossword Puzzle

Directions: Fill in the crossword puzzle with the words missing from the sentences below. Match the number of the sentence to the boxes placed across or down the grid. If filled out correctly, the words will fit neatly into the puzzle.

1 2 3

4 5

6

7

8

9

10

ACROSS2 A cardiac is a battery-powered

device that is implanted under the skin and wired to the wall of the heart.

4 An artificial, usually plastic, scaffold that is used to anchor a surgical implant, or graft, is called a(n) .

7 A coronary is a blockage within a coronary artery, resulting in a reduced blood flow to an area of the heart muscle.

8 A diagnostic procedure that includes x-ray photography, MRI, or CAT scan images of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium is .

9 A puncture into a vein to remove blood for sampling or donation is called .

10 An abnormally low flow of blood to tissues is the condition known as .

DOWN1 An aortic is a narrowing of the aorta that

reduces the flow of blood through this large vessel, which causes the left ventricle to work harder than normal.

3 The division of medicine known as provides clinical treatment for heart disease.

5 An alternate term for an abnormal heart rhythm is .

6 An abnormal bulging of an arterial wall is called a(n) .


Worksheet 1 Answers

Phonetic Spelling Challenge

1. Arrhythmia2. Arteriosclerosis3. Cor pulmonale4. Hypotension5. Thrombosis6. Nitroglycerin7. Defibrillation8. Angioplasty9. Phlebotomy

10. Arteriography

11. Tetralogy of Fallot12. Ischemia13. Fibrillation14. Bradycardia15. Aortitis16. Cardiomyopathy17. Endocarditis18. Angiospasm19. Palpitation20. Tachycardia

Spelling Challenge

1. doppler sonography2. Angiotomy3. Holter monitor4. Phlebectomy5. Cardiomegaly6. Arteriopathy7. Myocarditis8. Valvuloplasty

9. Phlebotomy10. Sphygmomanometry11. Thrombolytic12. Coronary13. Angioplasty14. Catheterization15. Electrocardiography

Abbreviation Matchup1. PET2. CHF3. MI4. AV5. CAD

6. ASHD7. ASD8. CABG9. ECG/EKG

10. CPR


True/False1. T2. F3. F4. T5. T

6. T7. F8. T9. T

10. F

Fill in the Blank

11. thrombosis12. myocardial infarction13. varicosis14. coarctation of the aorta15. occlusion

16. hypertension17. angioscopy18. arteriography19. arteriotomy20. cardiac catheterization

Short Answer

21. A battery-powered device that isimplanted under the skin and wired to the wall of the heart. It produces timed electric pulses that replace the function of the SA node as a treatment for a heart block and certain other arrhythmias.

22. Coronary artery bypass graft—a surgical procedure that involves removal of a blood vessel from another part of the body and inserting it into the coronary circulation.

23. An ultrasound procedure that directs sound waves through the heart to observe heart structures in an effort to evaluate heart function.

24. The surgical removal of a floating blood clot, or embolus.

25. A surgical procedure that removes fatty plaque from the inner lining of an artery.

Word Search

1. angiospasm2. Bradycardia3. cyanosis4. atrial5. cardiomyopathy6. angioma7. arteriopathy8. block

9. hypotension10. hemorrhoids11. coarctation12. hypertension13. atrioventricular14. pacemaker15. echocardiography

L F V H V R L Q Q P L K B Y B T B G

F Y H P A R G O I D R A C O H C E Q

J H Y P E R T E N S I O N O G G T A

T Q N L T K Z K M D K T C J L C M T

K R M P T K M L R Y L M A K T B R R

T G R R A R T A T X J S R L K R H I

N V B A K C C K W N D K D Y L R K O

O N M X T Y E N W I H N I N H R M V

I T T T D R Q M O Z K L O O C L S E

S K D A L N I H A A Z N M I Q M A N

N N R J L W R A N K D V Y T J P P T

E B Y L N R M G L T E B O A W N S R

T Y B P O T I B T W V R P T F R O I

O X T M R O P Z M K H M A C Q Y I C

P T E R M R T V W J G K T R N M G U

Y H T A P O I R E T R A H A D D N L

H T N N R L G R D N N N Y O G P A A

M C Y A N O S I S R T R L C Y T W R


Worksheet 2 answers



Worksheet 2 Answers

Dictation Report

Write each numbered term as you hear it, spelling each term correctly. This exercise will help you learn to hear, comprehend, visualize, and spell the new medical terms accurately.

Understanding the (1) cardiovascula r system is essential for any medical professional. The medi-

cal professional associated with this system is known as a (2) cardiologist. There are many terms

describing pain in the chest caused by heart-related problems. The primary symptom of an insufficient

supply of oxygen to the heart is chest pain, called (3) angina pectoris . A blockage of a vessel in the

heart resulting in the death of myocardium is known as a (4) myocardial infarction . Sometimes blood

vessels narrow, creating a condition known as (5) angiostenosis. Vessels can spasm, causing a condition

known as (6) angiospasm.

These conditions can result in a change in the heartbeat or rhythm. A heartbeat that is too fast is

called (7) tachycardia. A heartbeat that is too slow is called (8) bradycardia. A loss of the normal

rhythm of the heart is called (9) arrhythmia. The term (10) cardiogenic is a general term that means

“pertaining to arising from the heart”.

Sometimes a vessel has a weak spot that bulges out. This is called an (11) aneurysm . If the

vessel bursts, it can cause sudden death. Vessels are a very important part of the cardiovascular

system. The presence of swollen, or varicose, veins in the anal region is called (12) hemorrhoids. If

vessels are damaged and are not delivering sufficient blood to the body, the body can suffer from

(13) ischemia, or abnormally low flow of blood to tissues. The force of the blood moving inside the

blood vessels can be measured by a simple procedure that measures arterial blood pressure called a

(14) blood pressure reading . If pressure is too low, the condition is called (15) hypotension. If the

pressure inside the vessels is too high, the condition is called (16) hypertension. This measurement is

made with a (17) sphygmomanometer.


The cardiovascular system can also suffer from an infection, just like any other part of the body.

(18) Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium. Inflammation of the heart and blood vessels

is a disease called (19) angiocarditis. An inflammation the valves of the heart is called (20) cardio -

v a l v u l i t is . Inflammation of the myocardium of the heart is an acute condition called (21) m y o c a r d i t i s .

Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart, the pericardium, is called (22) pericarditis.

Inflammation of a vein is called (23) phlebitis . Simultaneous inflammation of many arteries is a

condition known as (24) polyarteritis.

Sometimes something blocks or occludes a vessel. A (25) coronary occlusion is a blockage

within a coronary artery, resulting in a reduced blood flow to an area of the heart wall. A blood clot or

foreign particle (including air or fat) that moves through the circulation is called an (26) embolism. An

embolism can block the flow of blood to tissues, causing a condition known as (27) ischemia. The

presence of stationary blood clots within one or more blood vessels is called a (28) thrombosis. As an

area of the heart is deprived of adequate blood flow, the heart gradually dies, which is called a “heart

attack,” or an (29) MI.


Worksheet 3 answers



Worksheet 3 Answers

Word Surgery

1. CardiomyopathyDefinition: Disease of the heart muscleCombining form and definition: cardi/o, heart; my/o, muscle Suffix and definition: -pathy, disease

2. ValvuloplastyDefinition: surgical restructuring of a defective valveCombining form and definition: valvul/o, valveSuffix and definition: -plasty, surgical correction or restructuring

3. AtrioventricularDefinition: Pertaining to the atria and ventricles of the heart Combining form and definition: atri/o, atrium; ventricul/o, ventricle Suffix and definition: -ar, pertaining to

4. AngiostenosisDefinition: An abnormal condition characterized by narrowing of blood vesselsCombining form and definition: angi/o, vessel; sten/o, narrowing Suffix and definition: -osis, an abnormal condition

5. EchocardiogramDefinition: A picture of the heart created by transmitting sound waves through body tissuesCombining form and definition: ech/o, related to sound waves; cardi/o, heart Suffix and definition: -gram, a record

6. SphygmomanometerDefinition: Instrument to measure the pressure of blood in the arteriesCombining form and definition: sphygm/o, pulse; man/o, gas;Suffix and definition: -meter, instrument that measures

7. AtherosclerosisDefinition: condition characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits on the inside of a vessel causing it to lose its elasticityCombining form and definition: ather/o, fat; scler/o, hard Suffix and definition: -osis, abnormal condition

8. UltrasonographyDefinition: The process of creating images by transmitting sound waves with frequencies beyond hearing range through body tissuesPrefix and definition: ultra-, beyond Combining form and definition: son/o, sound Suffix and definition: -graphy, recording process

9. EmbolectomyDefinition: Surgical removal of a clot or other foreign body in a blood vesselCombining form and definition: embol/o, plugSuffix and definition: -ectomy, to surgically remove or excise


10. Coronary ischemiaDefinition: A condition of decreased blood flow through the vessels of the heartCombining form and definition: coron/o, heart; isch/o, hold backSuffix and definition: -ary, pertaining to; -emia, condition of blood

11. Ventricular septal defectDefinition: An opening in the muscular wall between the lower chambers of the heartCombining form and definition: ventricul/o, ventricles; sept/o, wall or partition;Suffix and definition: -ar, pertaining to

12. CardiogenicDefinition: Originating from the heart Combining form and definition: cardi/o, heart Suffix and definition: -genic, beginning or origin

13. ThrombolyticDefinition: A chemical designed to break down a clotCombining form and definition: thromb/o, clotSuffix and definition: -lytic, pertaining to loosen, dissolve

14. VasculitisDefinition: Inflammation of the blood vessels Combining form and definition: vascul/o, little vessel Suffix and definition: -itis, inflammation



Worksheet 4 Answers

Case Study

1. electrocardiogram or EKG2. myocardial infarction3. coronary angiography4. coronary angiogram5. coronary artery6. balloon angioplasty7. stent8. myocardium



Worksheet 5 Answers

Medical Report Analysis

A. Study of conditions related to the heartB. Tracing of the electric activity of the heartC. Examination of the heart using soundwavesD. Inflammation of the protective sac that surrounds the heartE. Surgical puncture of the pericardium to remove fluid



Worksheet 6 Answers

Which Term Does Not Belong?

1. E Pectoral is a region of the chest rather than a sign or symptom.2. A Cardiogram is a diagnostic image of the heart rather than a disease or condition.3. A Aortic stenosis is a condition rather than a treatment or procedure.4. D Cardiomyopathy is a condition rather than a treatment or procedure.5. C -metry is a suffix rather than a word root.



Worksheet 7 AnswersLabeling


Worksheet 8 Answers

Key Terms Double Check

1. bulging2. oxygen3. heart4. CT scan5. hemangioma6. balloon7. endoscope8. muscular9. vessel

10. catheter11. incision12. diastole13. aorta14. inflammation15. aortogram16. dysrhythmia17. arteriogram18. artery19. elasticity20. artery21. plaques22. atria23. ventricles24. atrioventricular25. stethoscope26. slow27. cessation28. catheter29. wall30. fluid31. pain32. originates33. enlarged

34. myocardium35. paralyzed36. compression37. heart murmur38. accumulation39. CHF40. pulmonary41. CABG42. coronary43. blockage44. graft45. deficiency46. momentarily47. ultrasound48. echocardiogram49. electrocardiogram50. embolus51. clot52. fatty53. endocardium54. uncoordinated55. electrical56. auscultation57. varicose58. electrocardiograph59. essential60. low61. blood62. death63. myocardium64. vasodilator65. heartbeat66. opening


67. surrounding68. surgical69. vein70. phlebotomist71. many72. labeling73. bloodstream74. sphygmomanometer

75. rapid76. birth77. dissolve78. blood clots79. exercise80. valve81. pool82. birth


Worksheet 9 answers



Worksheet 9 Answers

Crossword Puzzle

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