Chapter Four: Articulations 85 - Glen Rose High School€¦ · ulna (or tibia and fibula) andis...
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Chapter Four: Articulations 85 g._----- h. _ a. _ Fibrous joints are held together by collagenous fibers, the same fibers that make up tendons and ligaments. These joints do not have a joint cavity. Sutures are immovable fibrous joints of the skull. Color in the suture illustrated on the page. A gomphosis is a fibrous joint in which a round peg is held into a socket. Gomphoses are represented by the teeth held into the maxilla or the mandible. Another fibrous joint isthe syndesmosis. This joint is found between the distal radius and ulna (or tibia and fibula) and is semimovable. Color in the various fibrous joints. FIBROUS JOINTS Articulations are the joints that occur between bones.' They can be classified either according to movement or by structure. Joints can be immovable (synarthroses), semimovable (amphiarthroses), or freely movable (diarthroses). The composition of joints can be fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. CLASSIFICATIONS OF ARTICULATIOI\IS Answer Key: a. Gomphosis (peg suture), b. Tooth, c. Alveolar socket, d. Gingiva, e. Alveolar ridge, f. Periodontal ligaments,g. Suture, h. Sagittal suture, i. Syndesmosis, J. Tibia, k. Fibula, 1. Interosseous membrane, m. Posterior tibiofibular ligament, n. Transverse tibiofibular ligament 1. _ J.
Transcript of Chapter Four: Articulations 85 - Glen Rose High School€¦ · ulna (or tibia and fibula) andis...
Chapter Four: Articulations 85
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Fibrous joints are held together bycollagenous fibers, the same fibersthat make up tendons and ligaments.These joints do not have a jointcavity. Sutures are immovablefibrous joints of the skull. Color inthe suture illustrated on the page. Agomphosis is a fibrous joint inwhich a round peg is held into asocket. Gomphoses are representedby the teeth held into the maxilla orthe mandible. Another fibrous jointis the syndesmosis. This joint isfound between the distal radius andulna (or tibia and fibula) and issemimovable. Color in the variousfibrous joints.
FIBROUS JOINTS
Articulations are the joints thatoccur between bones.' They can beclassified either according tomovement or by structure. Jointscan be immovable (synarthroses),semimovable (amphiarthroses), orfreely movable (diarthroses). Thecomposition of joints can befibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
CLASSIFICATIONS OFARTICULATIOI\IS
Answer Key:a.Gomphosis(peg suture), b. Tooth, c. Alveolarsocket, d. Gingiva, e.Alveolar ridge,f. Periodontal ligaments,g. Suture,h.Sagittal suture, i.Syndesmosis,J. Tibia, k. Fibula, 1. Interosseousmembrane, m. Posterior tibiofibularligament,n. Transverse tibiofibularligament
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Ashley Ederington
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Ashley Ederington
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTSCartilaginous joints are bones heldtogether by cartilage and do nothave a joint cavity. If the joint is heldtogether by hyaline cartilage it isknown as a synchondrosis. If thecartilage is short then the joint isimmovable. An example of this kindof joint is an epiphyseal plate. If thecartilage is a little longer then thejoint is a semimovable joint. This isrepresented by the sternal-ribjunction. A cartilaginous joint thatis composed of fibrocartilage isknown as a symphysis (symphysesplural). These are semimovablejoints. Examples of symphyses arethe pubic symphysis andintervertebral discs. Color thecartilaginous joints. Use differentcolors for the hyaline cartilage fromthe fibrocartilage.
Answer Key: a. Synchondrosis,b. Sternum, c. Costal cartilage,d. Ribs, e. Femur, f. Epiphyseal plate,g Symphysis, h. lntervertebrai disc,i. Lumbarvertebra, j. Sacrum
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SYNOVIAL JOINTS, BURSA,AND TENDON SHEATHSynovial joints are complex jointsthat are all freely movable. There arevariations with the joints but allsynovial joints of two bonesenclosed by a joint capsule,articular cartilages, synovialmembranes that secrete synovialfluid in the synovial cavity. Somesynovial joints have fibrocartilagepads in the cavity called menisci(meniscus singular). Color thesynovial joint and pay attention tothe general structure of the joint.Color each part of the joint °adifferent color.
MODIFIED SYNOVIALSTRUCTURES-BURSAEAI\ID TEI\IDON SHEATHSThere are structures in the body thatconsist of svnovial membranes andfibrous capsules, These are notsynovial joints but are associatedwith joints. A bursa is one suchstructure. It is a fluid-filled sac withan internal synovial membrane thatcushions tendons as they pass overbones. The bursa occurs between thetendon and the bone. Anotherstructure is a tendon sheath. It also iscomposed of a synovial membraneand fibrous sheath and it enclosestendons. The sheaths can providelubrication to the tendon so it doesnot become irritated as it passes overbones or next to other tendons.Color in the layers of the bursa andthe tendon sheaths.
Answer Key: ao Bone, b. Joint capsule,c.Synovial cavity (synovial fluid),d. Meruscus, e. Articular cartilage,f. Synovial membrane, g.Tendonsheath, h.Achilles tendon,i. Bursa, j.Calcaneus
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SPECIFIC SYNOVIALJOINTSSynovial joints are classified by whatkind of motion they have. Glidingjoints move in one plane like twosheets of glass sliding across oneanother. Hinge joints have angularmovement like a door hinge.Rotating (pivot) joints move like awheel of a car around an axle.Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints movelike hinges in two directions. In thesejoints there is a convex surface and aconcave surface. Saddle joints havetwo concave surfaces. They allow forgreater movement than condyloidjoints. Ball and socket joints allowfor the greatest range of movementand are found in the shoulder andhip. Color the illustrations of thesejoints. c.-----------
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Answer Key: a. Superiorarticularprocess, b. Vertebrae, c. Inferiorarticularprocess, d. Gliding (plane), e. Humerus,f Ulna, g.Hinge, h. Ulna, i. Radius,j, Rotating
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NOVIAlSPECIFICJOINTS (C
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b Ball-and-K "a Femur, .Answer eyd"·· d Carpals,k t Ra IUS, . .soc e ,c. . f Trapezium,e. Condyloid,. \ h SaddleFirstmetacarpa, .g.
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TEMPOROMANDIBULARJOINTSom.ejoints of the body warrantspecial attention. The
joint or jawjoint IS both a gliding joint and ahinge joint. The condyle of themandible articulates with themandibular !ossa of the temporalbone. An articular disc is found inthe joint that decreases the stress onthe joint. Ligaments (denseconnective tissue that joins bone tobone) connect the mandible to thetemporal bone.
Answer Key: a.Temporal boneb. Coronoid process, c.process (CUI), d. Angle of mandiblee. Mandibl,. f. Articular disc, g Capsule,h.Hinge, I. Hingeand glide
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Ashley Ederington
HUMEROSCAPULAR ANDACETABULOFEMORALJOINTS
The humeroscapular joint orshoulder joint is a ball-and-socketjoint that connects the humerus tothe glenoid fossa of the scapula. Thejoint is deepened by the glenoidlabrum which is a fibrocartilagering. There are numerous ligamentsthat connect the scapula to thehumerus.
Another ball and socket joint is theacetabulofemoral joint. It also hasan acetabular labrum andnumerous ligaments that joint thefemur to the hip.
Answer Key: a.Articular cartilage,b. Glenoid labrum, c. Capsule,d. Glenoid fossa, e. Humerus,f.Scapula, g. Shoulder joint,h. Femur, i.Acetabular labrum,j.Hip joint
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TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT
The tibiofemoral joint is special inhumans because it is the largest jointin the body and because it isparticularly vulnerable to injury. Thejoint is stabilized by the patellartendon, the medial and lateralcollateral ligaments, the anteriorand posterior cruciate ligamentsand the medial and lateral menisci.Label the structures in the anteriorview,with the patella in place andwith it reflected, and color them in.
Answer Key: a. Femur, b. Patella,c. Fibular collateral ligament,d. Patellar tendon, e. Tibial collateralligament, f.Fibula, g. Tibia,h. Posterior cruciate ligament,i. Anterior cruciate ligament,j. Lateral meniscus,k.Medial meniscus
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MOVEMENT AT JOINTS where the joint is extended beyond anatomic position. Looking up at theceiling is hyperextension of the head.
There is a broad range of motion that occurs at joints. These motionsshould be referenced with the body in anatomical position. Flexion of ajoint is a decrease in the joint angle from the body in anatomic position.When the elbow is bent the forearm is flexed.Most flexion takes place ina forward direction. The exception to this is the legwhere flexion of theleg results in the bending of the knee. Extension of the joint is when thejoint is returned to anatomic position. Hyperextension is a condition
Abduction occurs when the extremities or head are moved in thecoronal plane, laterally from the body. Adduction is the return of thelimbs to the body.
Rotation is the movernen t of part of the body in a circular pattern.Lateral rotation is the movement of the body in a lateral direction andmedial rotation is in the opposite direction.
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Answer Key: a. Hyperextension of the head, b. Flexion of the forearm, c.Extension of the forearm, d. Abduction of the arm, e. Adduction of the arm,f.Medial rotation of the thigh, g. Lateral rotation of the thigh
Ashley Ederington
