24

4. FLORISTIC INVENTORY

4.1. Introduction

‘Species’ has been notified and acknowledged as a basic unit of the

taxon in the biological classifications. In an effort, the foundation of

biological classification (Plant taxonomy) was laid down by Linnaeus with

the formulation of binomial nomenclature to characterise and name the

species and it was later strengthened by “Darwinism”. Darwinism is the

core directive principle for biological classification. In evolving plant

classification, the term ‘species’ has been the basic taxonomic unit assigned

on the basis of morphological relationships (Lawrence, 1951; Bentham and

Hooker, 1951; Hutchinson, 1969; Takhtajan, 1997). Classification is mainly

focusing on the flower system assemblages in a species, through which are

all the species closely/distantly related to each other.

Ecologically, a meaningful measure of taxonomic richness in a

region is a natural assemblage of organisms, which includes information on

numbers of families, genera and species, dominant families and genera,

major life forms at the level of major habitats or different vegetation types.

A good floral biodiversity inventory should ideally generate baseline data

on species richness, percent endemism, and bio-geographical affinities as

well as on systematic relationships of the flora including richness of higher

taxa in different biogeographic interest (Matthew et al., 2005). Records of

the geological past, and of those information in different scenario with its

associated factors in a particular region, would help us for a better

understanding of that region and devise the conservation strategies for

species and its habitat. Therefore, inventorying is the fundamental starting

point for any strategy of conservation or management practices (Strok and

Samways, 1995). An ideal inventory is one that allows the identification of

diverse “hotspots” as well as distinct ecological communities in a particular

region (Matthew et al., 2005).

CHAPTER - 4

25

Mace (2004) feels that, the inventorying of species in a region is one

of the very important conservation practices. It helps in setting priorities

based species cataloguing for conservation. Werff and Consig lio (2004)

recommended suitable plants for conserving a habitat at different altitudinal

ranges based on the geographical and elevational distribution of flowering

plants. The composition of the forest layer in terms of species richness,

representation of taxonomic groups and uniqueness of species composition

depends on over storey vegetation and successional status of the forest

(Singh, 2003). Traditional management of the forest by the local

community through people’s participation in having good species richness

and composition was compared with the management of the Reserve Forest

which is under the directive of the state (Negi et al., 2008). Species richness

and family diversity were examined along the altitudinal gradient by Ghani

and Khalik (2005). More number of species were recorded in the middle

altitudes of the mountains by them.

Keeping these ideas in mind, the study was carried out in different

habitats of North Gujarat Region with the following objectives

� To explore the floristic inventory in the forest of North Gujarat

Region.

� To identify the dominant family, genus and life form and their

assemblage in the different forest types of North Gujarat Region.

� To find out the distribution of plant species in different forest types

4.2. Methodology

The floral inventory was carried out from May 2005 to Jan 2008.

Initially, a probable list of plant species available in the study area was

prepared based on the existing literature, reports and thesis. Surveys were

conducted on all the three seasons to get the maximum list of species in

each habitat (Singh, 2003; Negi et al., 2008 and Ghani and Khalik, 2005).

Based on the habitat extent and availability of microhabitats, place and

26

areas for each habitat type were determined for the present inventory study.

All the plants were identified from their key vegetative and reproductive

features using the guide to the regional floras viz. Flora of Gujarat State

(Shah, 1978), Flora of Rajasthan (Singh et al., 1987, 1991and 1993) and

other published literatures. When taxon identification appeared uncertain in

the field, the specimens were collected for later validation of the species. In

addition the name of the species has been updated using literatures and

books.

4.3. Results and discussion

4.3.1. Floristic richness and taxonomical status

A total of 881 plant species belonging to 442 genera and 110

families were recorded from the entire North Gujarat Region (Table 4.1 and

4.1a). Out of 881 plants, 629 species (356 genera and 92 families) were

recorded from Open Scrub Forest (Plate 4.1), followed by 582 species (301

genera and 85 families) from Dry Deciduous Forest (Plate 4.3), 445 species

(265 genera and 91 families) from Moist Deciduous Forest (Plate 4.4) and

307 species (191 genera and 65 families) from Tropical Thorn Forest (Plate

4.2).

For the entire North Gujarat Region, a total of 18 life forms / habits

were recorded. The herb was the most predominant habit with 448 species,

followed by trees (168) and grasses (92) (Table 4.1 and 4.1a). Tree form:

Among the forest types the top canopy spread was constituted of two life

forms such as large and small trees. On the whole, a total of 168 tree

species was recorded in NGR, of which a maximum of 131 species of tree

forms was reported from OSF followed by DDF (112), MDF (80) and 57

species in TTF. Shrub form: Five types of shrub forms were identified

which comprised 137 species. Among the five types, the shrubs and under

shrubs dominated the entire shrub form. Similar to tree form, shrub form

was more in DDF and OSF. Climbers, twiners and aerial forms: In NGR,

27

a total of 85 species were identified under climber and twiner forms with

six types of structural variations viz. Climber Twiner, Parasite, Orchid,

Woody climber and Woody twiner. The climber and twiner dominated the

entire climber and twiner and aerial form in terms of supporting more

number of species. Grass and herb forms: Regardless of life forms, more

numbers of species (350) were found under the herb form. In total, 92

species of grasses and six twining herb were recorded. Aquatic forms:

Two types of life forms have been brought under aquatic form; aquatic

herb, sedges. Aquatic herbs and sedges dominated largly in the MDF.

Table 4.1: Floristic richness in North Gujarat Region

OSF TTF DDF MDF Overall NGR Sl.

No Life Form

F G S F G S F G S F G S F G S

Tree form

1 Tree 37 78 110 25 34 46 32 63 96 30 48 72 38 95 143

2 Small Tree 14 18 21 9 10 11 10 13 16 6 7 8 16 21 25

131 57 112 80 168

Shrub form

3 Shrub 19 27 37 9 13 15 16 21 28 13 18 20 22 36 47

4 Under Shrub 21 34 50 15 19 19 17 33 55 13 18 21 23 45 74

5 Straggling Shrub 5 6 7 3 3 4 6 6 7 4 4 4 7 8 10

6 Climbing Shrub 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2

7 Twining Shrub 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 4

99 39 94 46 137

Climber, Twiner and Aerial form

8 Climber 8 21 33 7 16 18 8 20 28 10 21 24 10 26 39

9 Twiner 7 18 26 6 10 13 7 18 28 7 15 18 7 20 33

10 Parasite 3 4 6 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 4 6

11 Orchid 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2

12 Woody Climber 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 3

13 Woody Twiner 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

68 32 65 48 85

Herb and Grass form

14 Herb 47 142 241 29 75 125 42 119 228 43 107 184 54 178 350

15 Grass 1 39 77 1 25 44 1 35 69 1 26 44 1 45 92

16 Twining Herb 3 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 5 1 1 2 3 4 6

322 171 302 230 448

Aquatic form

17 Aquatic Herb 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10 16 9 10 16

18 Sedge 1 4 9 1 3 8 1 3 9 1 7 25 1 7 27

9 8 9 41 43

Total 92 356 629 65 191 307 85 301 582 91 265 445 110 442 881

F - Family, G - Genus and S – Species

28

Table 4.1a: Species composition of North Gujarat Region

Sl.

No Scientific Name Local Name Habit OSF TTF DDF MDF NGR

1 Acanthaceae *

1 Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. Ardusi, Adusa US * * *

2 Andrographis echiodes (L.) Nees. Kariyatu H * *

3 Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex

Nees

Kali Andhedi, Kala-

Methi, Kariyatu, Lilu

Kariatu

H * *

4 Asystasia dalzellina Santapau. - H * * * * *

5 Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders. Kali Andhedi H * *

6 Barleria cristata L. var. cristata Dalo Kanta Shalio US * * *

7 Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees - S * *

8 Barleria prattensis Santapau - US * * *

9 Barleria prionitis L. subsp. prionitis var.

prionitis

Kurunt, Pilo

Kantasherio H * * * *

10 Blepharis linariaefolia Pers. Kandhero H * * *

11 Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Roth Uti Gan, Vado Kandho H * * * *

12 Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth. Haran Charo, Zinku

Utingan H * * * * *

13 Dicliptera verticillata (Forsk.) C. Christens. - H * * * *

14 Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees. var.

patulus. - H * * * * *

15 Dipteracanthus patulus var. alba (Saxton)

Bhandari - H * * *

16 Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees Kalighavani H * * * * *

17 Elytraria acualis (L f.) Lindau. Pat Pathari H * * * * *

18 Haptanthodes verticillata (Roxb.) Majumdar Kalu Kariyatu H * *

19 Hemigraphis latebrosa (Heyne ex Roth)

Nees var. latebrosa - H * * *

20 Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine Kanta Sherio US * * *

21 Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreem. Kariyatu H * * * *

22 Justicia betonica L. - H * * *

23 Justicia diffusa var. hedyotidifolia (Nees)

Clarke - H * * *

24 Justicia diffusa Willd. var. diffusa. Bodi Andhedi H * * * * *

25 Justicia heterocarpa T. Anders. - H * * * *

26 Justicia procumbens L. Bodi Andhedi H * * * * *

27 Justicia simplex D. Don Kari Andhedi, Kali

Kariatu H * * * * *

28 Lepidagathis cristata Willd. - H * * *

29 Lepidagathis cuspidata Nees - US * *

29

30 Lepidagathis trinervis Wall. Haran Cahro H * * *

31 Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus (Nees) Dalz Ganthera H * * * * *

32 Peristrophe paniculata (Forsk.) Brumm. Kari Adhedi, Adhedi,

Lisi Adhedi H * * * * *

33 Rungia repens (L.) Nees - H * * *

2 Agavaceae *

34 Agave americana L. Ketki, Ramban S * * * *

35 Agave cantala Roxb. - US * *

36 Agave vera-cruz Mill. - US * *

37 Yucca gloriosa L. - S * *

3 Aizoaceae *

38 Trianthema protulacastrum L. Satodo H * * *

39 Trianthema triquetra Rottl. ex Willd. - H * *

4 Alangiaceae *

40 Alangium salvifolium (L. f.) Wangerin Ankol T * * * * *

5 Alismataceae *

41 Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. - H * *

42 Sagittaria sagittifolia L. - H * *

6 Amaranthaceae *

43 Achyranthes aquatica R. Br. - H * *

44 Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera. - H * * * * *

45 Achyranthes aspera L. var. argentea Hook.

f. Andhedi, Anghedo H * * * * *

46 Achyranthes aspera L. var. porphyristachya

Hk. f. Andhedi H * * * * *

47 Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult var.

javanica Bur, Gorakh Ganjo H * * *

48 Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult

var. bovi Webb. - H * *

49 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. Gorkhadi H * *

50 Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume. Bur, Karadia, Vellaro H * * *

51 Alternanthera pungens H. B. & Kunth. Kantaro Bhangaro H * * * *

52 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. Jar Bhaji, Jar Bhangaro H * * * * *

53 Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. crueotus (L.)

Thell. var. paniculatus (L.) Thell. - H * *

54 Amaranthus lividus L. Todaljo H * *

55 Amaranthus spinosus L. Jangali tandaljo H * * * * *

56 Amaranthus tenuifolius Willd. - H * *

57 Amaranthus tricolor L. var. tricolor Tandulio H * *

58 Amaranthus viridis L. Tandaljo H * * * *

30

59 Celosia argentea L. Lampadi, Lampdi,

Lambdi H * * * * *

60 Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Kanjaro, Kanejro H * * * * *

61 Gomphrena celosioids Mart. - H * * *

62 Gomphrena globosa L. Gomphrena US * * *

63 Nothosaerva brachiata (L.) Waight - H * * * *

64 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. var. lappacea. Zipto Safed US * * * * *

65 Pupalia lappacea var. orbiculata (Heyne ex

Wall.) Townsend. - US * *

7 Amaryllidaceae *

66 Crinum asiaticum L. Nagdamni H * *

67 Crinum defixum Ker - Gawl Jal-Kanda H * *

68 Crinum pratense Herb. - H * * *

8 Anacardiaceae *

69 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merrill

Modad, Golado,

Godhado, Madhol,

Modhad

T * * * * *

70 Mangifera indica L. Ambo, Kheri T * *

9 Annonaceae *

71 Annona squamosa L. Sitaphal ST * * * *

72 Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) J. Sinclair Umph, Umbho T * * * * *

73 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonnerat) Thw. Asopalav T * *

10 Apiaceae *

74 Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Bhrami, Moti Bhrami,

Khad Bhrani, Vidya

Bhrami

H * *

75 Coriandrum sativum L. Methi, Dhana H * *

76 Cuminum cyminum L. Jiru H * *

77 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Valiari H * *

11 Apocynaceae *

78 Alstona scholaris (L.) R. Br. - T * *

79 Carissa congesta Wight. Karamda, Karvanda S * * *

80 Catharanthus pusillus (Murr.) G. Don Morli H * * * * *

81 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Barmasi, Sadafuli H * *

82 Holarrhena pubscens (Buch. - Ham.) Wall.

ex G. Don Kurvo, Kadvo Indrajav T * * * * *

83 Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Br. Kali Dudhi TS * * *

84 Nerium oleander L. Lal / Safed Karen S * *

85 Plumeria rubra L. Khad Champo T * * *

86 Thevetia perviana (Pers.) Merr. Piri Karen S * *

87 Wrightia arborea (Denst.) Mabb. Dudhlo, Dudhi T * * * * *

31

88 Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. Dudhlo, Kudi, Khenni,

Dudhi T * * * * *

12 Aponogetonaceae *

89 Aponogeton natans (L.) Engl. & Krause. - AH * *

13 Arecaceae *

90 Borassus flabellifer L. Tad T * * *

91 Cocus nucifera L. Neriel,Tarafoo T * *

92 Phoenix dactylifera L. Khajur T * * * *

93 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Khajur T * * * * *

14 Aristolochiaceae *

94 Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Kidamari H * * *

95 Aristolochia indica L. Kidamari H * *

15 Asclepiadaceae *

96 Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Moto Akado S * * * *

97 Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f. subsp.

Hamiltonii (Wight) Ali Akado S * * * * *

98 Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. var. bulbosa - H * *

99 Ceropegia bulbosa var. lushii (Grah.) Hook.

f. - H * * * *

100 Dregia volubilis (L. f.) Bth. Ex Hk. Moti Dodi, Dodi, Malti TW * * *

101 Holostemma ada-kodien Shult. Khir Dodi, Khaner C * *

102 Leptadenia phyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne. Door US * * * *

103 Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wt. & Arn. Dodi, Nani Dodi TW * *

104 Oxystelma esculenta (L. f.) R. Br. ex

Schultes Jal Dudhi, Dudhli TW * * * *

105 Pentatropis capensis (L. f.) Bullock. Shingroti, Chenal Vel TW * *

106 Pentatropis spiralis (Forsk.) Decne. - TW * * * * *

107 Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. Chamar Dudheli TW * * * * *

108 Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br. subsp.

viminale - S * *

109 Telosma pallida (Roxb.) Craib Varsha Dodi C * * * * *

110 Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merril. Damni Vel TW * * *

111 Wattakaka volubilis (L. f.) Stapf Moti Dodi, Dodi, Malti TW * * * * *

16 Asteraceae *

112 Acanthosperum hispidum DC. Unt Kantakiyu H * * * * *

113 Ageratum conyzoides L. Ajgandha H * * * *

114 Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Ajgandha H * *

115 Amberboa ramosa (Roxb.) Jeffrey Bhonyadandi, Badavard H * *

32

116 Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff ex

Sherff

Karakokdi, Samara

Kokdi H * * * * *

117 Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson Dholu Fuldu H * * * * *

118 Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC. - H * * * *

119 Blumea eriantha DC. Kapurio, Kalhar H * *

120 Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz. - H * * *

121 Blumea membranacea DC. var.

jacquemontii (Hook. f.) Rand. - H * *

122 Blumea membranacea DC. var.

membranacea - H * * *

123 Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. Chanchadmani,

Bhutaco H * * *

124 Caesulia axillaris Roxb. Dholu Fuldu H * *

125 Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) O.

Kuntze - H * *

126 Centratherum phyllolaenum (DC.) Benth. ex

Clarke - H * *

127 Chrysanthellum indicum L. - H * *

128 Cichorium intybus L. Chikory H * *

129 Dicoma tomentosa Cass. Pardeshi Kandheri H * *

130 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Utkanto US * * *

131 Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Jal Bhangro H * * *

132 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Hiran Khuri / Khani H * * * *

133 Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr. Pilo Bhangro, Pardeshi

Bhangro H * *

134 Glossocardia bosvallea (L. f.) DC. Adbau Suva H * * * * *

135 Gnaphalium indicum L. - H * * *

136 Gnaphalium luteo-album L. subsp. luteo-

album - H * * *

137 Gnaphalium luteo-album L. subsp. affine

(D.Don) Koster - H * * *

138 Gnaphalium pulvinatum Delie - H * *

139 Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. - H * *

140 Helianthus annuus L. Surajmukhi H * *

141 Lagascea mollis Cav. - H * *

142 Laggera alata (D. Don) Sch. - Bip. ex Oliver - H * *

143 Laggera aurita (L.f.) Sch. - Bip. ex Clarke - H * *

144 Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya &

Rajagobal Moti Bhoyan Patri H * * * * *

145 Launaea remotiflora (DC.) Stbbins - H * * * *

146 Launaea resedifolia (L.) Kuntze - H * * * *

147 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Congres Gas H * * * * *

148 Pluchea arguta Boiss. - US * *

149 Pluchea tomentosa DC. - US * * *

33

150 Pluchea wallichiana DC. - US * *

151 Pulicaria angustifolia DC. Sisolia Ni Jatni

Vanaspati H * * *

152 Pulicaria crispa (Forsk.) Benth. & Hook. f. - US * * * *

153 Pulicaria wightiana (DC.) Clarke Sonfulki, Sisoria H * * *

154 Sclerocarpus africanus Jacq. ex Murr. - H * *

155 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Son Chudi H * * * * *

156 Sonchus oleraceus L. Dudhali Sonki H * *

157 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Gorakh Mundi H * * * * *

158 Tagetes patula L. Hajari Galgoto H * *

159 Tricholepis glaberrima DC. Brahm Dandi, Fishiaru H * * * * *

160 Tridax procumbens L. Pardeshi Bhangro,

Kaliyu Khor H * * * * *

161 Vernonia cinerascens Sch.- Bip. Kali Jiri H * * *

162 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Sahdevi H * * * * *

163 Vicoa indica (L.) DC. Sonasal H * *

164 Xanthium strumarium L. Gadariyu H * * * * *

17 Balanitaceae *

165 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Hingor, Ingoriyo ST * * * * *

18 Balsaminaceae *

166 Impatiens balsamina L. var. coccinea Hk. f. Takmaria, Gulmendi H * * *

167 Impatiens balsamina L. var. rosea (Lindl.)

Hook. f. - H * * *

19 Bignoniaceae *

168 Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don - T * *

169 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Tetu, Tentu, Aralu T * *

170 Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Pili Nim S * *

171 Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. Ragat Rohido ST * * * *

20 Bombacaceae *

172 Bombax ceiba L. Savar, Shimal T * * * *

173 Ceiba pentandra Syn. Dholo Shimal T * *

21 Boraginaceae *

174 Coldenia procumbens L. Ukharad, Basariio

Okharad H * * * *

175 Heliotropium ellipticum Ledeb. - H * * *

176 Heliotropium marifolium Koen. ex Retz. var.

marifolium - H * * *

177 Heliotropium ovalifolium Forsk. - H * * *

178 Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks Jakhau US * * *

179 Heliotropium subulatum (Hochst. ex DC.)

Vatke Pilo Hathisundho H * * *

34

180 Heliotropium supinum L. Ghedio Okharad H * *

181 Trichodesma indica var. amplexicaule

(Roth.) Cooke - H * *

182 Trichodesma indicum L. Undha Fuli H * * *

183 Trichodesma sedgwickianum Banerjee Undha Fuli H * * * *

184 Trichodesma zeylanica (Brum. f.) R. Br. - H * *

22 Brassicaceae *

185 Brassica campestris L. var. sarson Prain Sarson H * *

186 Brassica campestris L. var. toria Duthie &

Fuller - H * *

187 Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. Raido, Rai H * * * *

188 Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Kali Rai, Jangli Rai H * *

189 Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. Gobi, Fulvar, Fulgobi H * *

190 Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. Cabbage, Cobbij H * *

191 Brassica oleracea L. var. gongyloids L. Nol-Kol H * *

192 Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. - H * *

193 Lepidium sativum L. Asalio, Halim, Aselis H * *

194 Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus (L.)

Vilm. Muli, Mulo H * *

195 Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus. - H * *

23 Burseraceae *

196 Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Cocls. Halar, Salai, Salar,

Gugar Dhupelio T * * * * *

197 Commiphora wightii (Arm.) Bhandari Gugal, Dhupen ST * * *

198 Garuga pinnata Roxb. Hort. Beng. Kakad, Kakadio,

Kadkado T * * *

24 Cactaceae *

199 Opuntia dillenii (Ker - Gawler) Haworth - H * *

200 Opuntia elatior Mill. Phaphada Thor H * *

25 Caesalpiniaceae *

201 Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchaner T * *

202 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Asundro, Asotri T * * * * *

203 Bauhinia variegata L. - T * * *

204 Caesalpinia coriaria Willd. Libi Libi, Divi Divi T * *

205 Caesalpinia crista L. Kakach, Kakchiya STS * *

206 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Shankhasur, Galtora S * * *

207 Cassia absus L. Chimed H * *

208 Cassia auriculata L. Avar, Aval, Avali S * * * * *

209 Cassia fistula L. Garmaro T * * * * *

35

210 Cassia italica (Mill.) lam. ex F. W. Andrews

subsp. micrantha Brenan. Mindhiavar H * *

211 Cassia javanica L. - T * * *

212 Cassia mimosoides L. - H * *

213 Cassia obtusifolia L. Punvadio H * * *

214 Cassia occdentails L. Kunwar, Sundaro,

Kasundro, Kash Mard H * * * * *

215 Cassia pumila Lam. Chamodiyo H * * * * *

216 Cassia roxburghii DC. - T * * * *

217 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasid T * *

218 Cassia sophera L. var. sophera Sundri, Sundari US * *

219 Cassia tora L. Kunwario, Puwad H * * * * *

220 Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Sandsro T * *

221 Delonix regia (Bojer.) Raf. Gulmohor T * *

222 Parkinsonia aculeata L. Ram Baval ST * *

223 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex

K. Heyne Tamrafali T * *

224 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Ashok T * *

225 Tamarindus indica L. Ambali, Emali,

Amblijo-zad T * * * *

26 Cannaceae *

226 Canna indica L. - H * *

27 Capparaceae *

227 Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce Kordu, Telio Hemkand STS * *

228 Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. Ker, Kerdo US * * * *

229 Capparis grandis L. f. Thikari ST * * * * *

230 Capparis sepiaria L. var. sepiaria Kanther STS * * * * *

231 Crateva adansonii DC. subsp. odora (Buch.

- Ham.) Jacobs - T * *

232 Crateva nurvala Buch. - Ham. var. nurvala. Vayvarna, Varno T * * * * *

233 Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. Hemkand WT * *

28 Caricaceae *

234 Carica papaya L. Papaya, Papayu T * *

29 Caryophyllaceae *

235 Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Dholphuli H * *

236 Spergula arvensis L. - H * *

30 Casuarinaceae *

237 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sharu T * *

31 Celastreceae *

238 Celastrus paniculata Willd. Malkangani TW * * * *

36

239 Maytenus emarginatus (Willd.) Ding Hou Vikaro, Kankaro,

Vicklo, vico T * * * * *

32 Ceretophyllaceae *

240 Ceratophyllum demersum L. - H * *

33 Chenopodiaceae *

241 Artiplex stocksii (Wt.) Boiss. Khati Palak US * * *

242 Chenopodium album L. Chil, Chir Bhaji H * *

34 Cleomaceae *

243 Cleome gynadra L. var. gynandra Ghandhatu, Dholi

Talwani H * * *

244 Cleome simplicifolia (Camb.) Hook. f. &

Thoms. - H * * *

245 Cleome visocsa L. Pili Talvani H * * * * *

35 Combretaceae *

246 Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex

Guill. & Perr. Dhavdo, Dhundhiyu T * * * * *

247 Anogeissus pendula Edgew. Dhao T * * * * *

248 Anogeissus sericea Brandis var. nummularia

King ex Duthie Dhao T * * * *

249 Anogeissus sericea Brandis var. sericea. Adrukh T * * *

250 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Waight &

Arn. Arjun Sadad T * * *

251 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Behda T * * * * *

252 Terminalia catappa L. Desi Badam T * *

253 Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. Harde, Hirda T * * *

254 Terminalia crenulata Roth Sadad T * * * *

36 Commelinaceae *

255 Commelina albescens Hassk. - H * * * * *

256 Commelina benghalensis L.

Kush Pushpi, Sis

Muriyu, Motu

Shishmuliu

H * * * * *

257 Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Shihmuliu H * * * * *

258 Commelina erecta L. - H * *

259 Commelina forsskalaei Vahl - H * * * * *

260 Commelina paludosa Blume - H * *

261 Cyanotis crista (L.) D. Don - H * * *

262 Cyanotis fasciculata (Hwyne ex Roth)

Schult. f. - H * * * *

263 Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan - H * *

37 Convolvulaceae *

264 Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Boj. Go Batha TW * * * *

265 Argyreia sericea Dalz. Batha WT * * * *

37

266 Convolvulus arvensis L. Khetrau Phudardi,

Nerivel H * * *

267 Convolvulus desetri Hochst. & Steud. ex

Baker & Rendle Dholi Sankhavali H * * * *

268 Convolvulus prostratus Forsk. - H * * *

269 Cressa cretica L. Rudanti, Palio, Khariyu H * * *

270 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. var. alsinoides Kari Sankhavail H * * * * *

271 Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. - H * * * * *

272 Hewittia sublobata (L. f.) O. Ktze. - H * *

273 Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Nali Ni Bhaji AH * *

274 Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet var. cairica Narvel H * *

275 Ipomoea dichroa (Roem. & Schult.) Choisy Safed Panvali Fuderdi TW * * * *

276 Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Bodi Fudardi TH * * * * *

277 Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. var. fistulosa - STS * * * *

278 Ipomoea hederifolia L. - H * *

279 Ipomoea illustris (Cl.) Prain Gog Vel C * * * *

280 Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. Bhamardi, Gulabi Gario TW * *

281 Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth var. nil Kaladana TW * * * * *

282 Ipomoea obuscura (L.) Ker - Gawl. Vad Fudardi TW * *

283 Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. Samudraphen H * *

284 Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Fotiyal, Wagpadi TH * * * * *

285 Ipomoea quamoclit L. Kamlata, Ganesh Vel TW * * *

286 Ipomoea sinensis (Desr.) Choisy Dholi Fudardi TW * * *

287 Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban Panch Pan Ni Fudard TW * * *

288 Merremia gangetica (L.) Cufod. Undardi, Undarkani H * *

289 Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall. f. subsp.

tridentata - TH * *

290 Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah & Bhatt. Nasotar TH * *

291 Rivea hypocrateriformis Choisy. Fang C * * * * *

38 Cucurbitaceae *

292 Blastania fimbristifolia (Fenzl.) Kotschy &

peyr. Aknh Futamani C * * * * *

293 Blastania garcinii (Burm. f.) Cong. Aknh Futamani C * *

294 Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Indra Varna, Kokad

Varna C * * *

295 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura &

Nakai var. fistulosus (Stocks) Chakravarty Karengla C * * *

38

296 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura &

Nakai var. lanatus. Tarbuch, Kalingar C * *

297 Coccinia grandis (L.) J. O. Voigt Tindora, Ghiloda C * * *

298 Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl. & Willd.)

Hook. f. - C * * *

299 Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cong. Kothimda, Gay

Vasukada C * * *

300 Cucumis melo L. var. melo Sensu

Chakravarty Kharbuja, Sakkarteti H * * *

301 Cucumis prophetarum L. Kothimda, Kantalo

Indranan C * * * *

302 Cucumis satvis L. Kakadi C * * * * *

303 Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam. Koru C * *

304 Cucurbita pepo L. Vilayati kaddu, Khola C * *

305 Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffry Shivlingi C * * *

306 Lageneria leucantha (Duch.) Rusby. Dudhi H * *

307 Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. var. acutangula Turiya C * * * *

308 Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. var. amara

(Roxb.) Clarke Jangali Turiya C * * * *

309 Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. Ghee-turai, Galku C * *

310 Luffa echinata Roxb. Kakadvel, Kukarpado C * * *

311 Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cong. Ankhfutmani C * * * * *

312 Momordica balsamina L. Vad Karela, Patola,

Chochidan C * * * *

313 Momordica charantia L. Karela C * * * *

314 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Kankoda C * * * * *

315 Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt. Ratani, Indradamni C * * * * *

316 Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Kadava Karengda C * * * * *

39 Cuscutaceae *

317 Cuscuta chinensis Lam. var. chinensis Amarvel, Anantvel P * *

318 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Amarvel P * * * *

40 Cyperaceae *

319 Bolboschoenus maritimus var. affinis (Roth)

Parmar - SE * *

320 Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) Clarke - SE * *

321 Cyperus alopecuroides Rottl. - SE * * * * *

322 Cyperus alulatus Kern - SE * *

323 Cyperus articulatus L. - SE * * * * *

324 Cyperus bulbosus Vahl - SE * *

325 Cyperus compressus L. Chido Ghas SE * * *

326 Cyperus difformis L. Chiyo SE * * * * *

39

327 Cyperus iria L. var. iria - SE * * * *

328 Cyperus iria L. var. paniciformis (Franch. &

Sev) Clarke - SE * *

329 Cyperus laevigatus L. - SE * *

330 Cyperus leucocephalus Retz. - SE * *

331 Cyperus pygmaeus Rottb. - SE * * * *

332 Cyperus rotundus L. subsp. rotundus Moth, Chido SE * * * * *

333 Cyperus squarrosus L. - SE * *

334 Eleocharis atropurpurea Kunth. - SE * *

335 Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Henschel. - SE * *

336 Eleocharis geniculata (L.) R. & S. - SE * *

337 Fimbristylis bisumbellate (Forsk.) Bubani - SE * * *

338 Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl var.

dichotoma - SE * *

339 Fimbristylis ferruginea Vahl - SE * * * * *

340 Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl - SE * *

341 Kyllinga bulbosa Beauv. - SE * * * * *

342 Schoenoplectus articularis (L.) Palla - SE * *

343 Schoenoplectus littoralis (Schrad.) Palla

subsp. sublatus (Vahl) Koyama - SE * *

344 Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla - SE * *

345 Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Pall. subsp.

lateriflorus (Gmelin) Koyama - SE * *

41 Dioscoreaceae *

346 Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. bulifera. Kanak, Varahi Kand TW * * * * *

347 Dioscorea hispida Dennstedt. - TW * *

348 Dioscorea oppositifolia L. - TW * *

349 Dioscorea pentaphylla L. - TW * *

42 Ebenaceae *

350 Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Timbaru T * * * * *

351 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Bidi Patta T * * * * *

352 Diospyros montana Roxb. Timaru T * *

43 Ehretiaceae *

353 Cordia dichotoma Forst. f. Gunda, Vadgundo,

Bhokar T * * *

354 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) Ehrenb. ex Asch. Nana Gunda, Liar

Gundi T * * *

355 Cordia monoica Roxb. Kath Gundi S * *

356 Cordia perrottetii Wt. Jangli Gundi T * * * *

357 Cordia sebestena L. - ST * *

358 Ehretia aspera Willd. var. aspera Nani Vadhawrdi,

Nandh Kajiyari ST * *

40

359 Ehretia laevis Roxb.

Tambolia, Dantrango,

Vadhwardi, Darar,

Vedhigalo

T * * * * *

44 Elatinaceae *

360 Bergia ammannioides Roxb. ex Roth Bhangaro, Vithi

Kharsan, Jal Ukharad H * * * * *

361 Bergia capensis L. Bhangaro, Jal Ukharad H * * *

362 Bergia suffruticosa (Del.) Fenzl. Jal Ukharad, Gandharo

patluni H * * * * *

45 Euphorbiaceae *

363 Acalypha ciliata Forsk. Char, Dadari, Runchalo H * * * * *

364 Acalypha indica L. Dadario, Dadro H * * * * *

365 Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. - US * *

366 Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alst. - T * *

367 Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng. Asan, Monj T * * *

368 Chrozophora prostrata Dalz. var. prostrata Betho Okharad H * *

369 Chrozophora rottleri (Geis.) A. Juss. ex

Spreng. Karo Okharad H * * *

370 Cicca acida (L.) Merr. Khata-Ambala T * *

371 Drypetes rouxburghii (Wall.) Hurus. Putran Jivi T * *

372 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Ambla T * * * * *

373 Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. Tridharo-thor US * *

374 Euphorbia caducifolia Haines Thor S * * * *

375 Euphorbia clarkeana Hook. f. - H * * * * *

376 Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. Lal Pati H * * * *

377 Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. Ubhi Dudheli H * * *

378 Euphorbia fusiformis Buch. - Ham. - H * * * *

379 Euphorbia geniculata Ort. - H * *

380 Euphorbia heterophylla L. - H * *

381 Euphorbia hirta L. Vadi Dudheli, Kalu

Ganthiu H * * * * *

382 Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. Thor, thoriyo, kantalo,

bhungra thor US * * * * *

383 Euphorbia nivulia Buch.- Ham. Vad Thor S * * * * *

384 Euphorbia orbiculata H. - H * * * * *

385 Euphorbia parviflora L. - H * * * * *

386 Euphorbia prostrata Ait. Dudheli H * *

387 Euphorbia royleana Boiss. - US * * *

41

388 Euphorbia thymifolia L. Sani Dudheli H * * * *

389 Euphorbia trucalli L. Kharsani Thor S * *

390 Jatropha curcas L. Ratan Jyot, Vilayti

Arandi S * * * * *

391 Jatropha gossypifolia L. var. gossypifolia - S * * *

392 Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. Kamboi, Picharun,

Datwan S * * * * *

393 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. - Arg. Kanku, Shendri,

Kukhro, Kapilo T * *

394 Phyllanthus acidus (Linn.) Skeels. Khati amli T * *

395 Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. - H * * *

396 Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Kharedi, Bhonya Amli H * * * * *

397 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Kharedi, Bhonya Amli H * * *

398 Phyllanthus virgatus Forst. f. Moti Bhonyamli H * * * * *

399 Ricinus communis L. Arando, Divel S * *

400 Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell. -

Arg. - S * *

401 Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baillon Pichrun, Safedfali STS * * * * *

46 Fabaceae *

402 Abrus precatorius L Chanothi C * * * * *

403 Aeschynomene indica L. - H * * *

404 Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. Khad Samervo H * *

405 Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl. ex Spreng.)

Wight & Arn. Moto Sanervo H * *

406 Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. var. monilifer Nano Sanervo, H * * * * *

407 Alysicarpus procumbens (Roxb.) Schindl. - H * * * *

408 Alysicarpus pubescens Law ex Wt. - H * *

409 Alysicarpus tetragonolobus Edgew. Samervo H * * *

410 Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. - H * * * * *

411 Arachis hypogaea L. Magphali H * *

412 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Kesudo, Khakharo T * * * * *

413 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. var. letusa Kesudo, Khakharo T * *

414 Butea superba Roxb. Khakhar Vel / Velo TW * * *

415 Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Tuver H * *

416 Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Alad, Abbo, Fofal,

Tarvardi TW * * * * *

417 Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Papdi TW * * * *

418 Cicer arientinum L. - H * *

419 Clitora ternatea L. Gaeni, Bibari, Gokarn TW * *

420 Clitoria biflora Dalz. - H * * *

42

421 Crotalaria burhia Buch. - Ham. ex Benth. Vagdau Shan US * * * *

422 Crotalaria juncea L. Shaniyu, Shan US * *

423 Crotalaria linifolia L. f. Adabau San US * * *

424 Crotalaria medicaginea Lam. Ran Methi, Adbau

Methi H * * * * *

425 Crotalaria mysorensis Roth - H * *

426 Crotalaria orixensis Wild. Tripani Fatakiya H * *

427 Crotalaria retusa L. Shaniya, Gughro US * *

428 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Guvar H * *

429 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Sisam T * * * *

430 Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Patarado, Patrali T * * * *

431 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sissoo, Sisam T * *

432 Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet. Karanj T * * * * *

433 Desmodium dichotomum (Klein ex Wild.)

Dc.

Shal Parni, Pandariyo,

Samervo H * * *

434 Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. var.

gangeticum - H * *

435 Desmodium laxiflorum DC. - US * * *

436 Desmodium neomexicanum A. Gray - H * *

437 Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) Hitch. - H * * * * *

438 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. - H * * * *

439 Dolichos lobatus L. Jangali Papadi H * * * *

440 Erythrina variegata L. var. orientalis (L.)

Merr. Pangaro, Pangara T * * *

441 Goniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali - H * * * * *

442 Indigofera astragallina DC. Gali US * *

443 Indigofera caerulea Roxb. var. monosperma

(Sant.) Sant. - US * * *

444 Indigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Roth Pat Gari, Bhakho H * * * * *

445 Indigofera linifolia Retz. var. linifolia Nani Gali H * * * * *

446 Indigofera linnaei Ali. Fatakiya, Bhonygal H * * *

447 Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk. Zil S * *

448 Indigofera tinctoria L. Gari, Gokarn S * * * * *

449 Indigofera trita L. f. subsp. trita var. trita - US * * *

450 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet. Hort. Valpapri TW * * *

451 Lathyrus sativus L. Lang H * *

452 Medicago lupulina L. - H * *

453 Medicago sativa L. Rachako, Rajako H * *

454 Melilotus alba Medik. ex Desr. Jangali Methi, Moringa H * * *

455 Melilotus indica (L.) All. - H * *

456 Millettia racemosa Bth. Velbivia WC * *

43

457 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Kuvensh, Kuvach,

Koyli C * * *

458 Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochreut. Tanach T * *

459 Psoralea corylifolia L. Bavchi, Babchi H * *

460 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Biyo T * *

461 Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. laxiflora

(Camb.) Baker. Nahni Kamal Vel TW * * * * *

462 Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. minima Nahni Kamal Vel, Daria

Vel TW * * * * *

463 Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. F. Wight Ikad US * *

464 Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. - T * *

465 Sesbania sesban (L.) Meer. subsp. sesban

var. sesban Ekad, Shevari, Jayanti S * *

466 Tephrosia hamiltonii Drumm. - US * * *

467 Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers. - US * * *

468 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Sarpankho H * * * * *

469 Tephrosia strigosa (Dalz.) Sant. & Mahesh. - H * *

470 Tephrosia tinctoria (L.) Pers. - US * * *

471 Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. - H * * * * *

472 Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. Mash Parni TH * *

473 Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Methi H * * *

474 Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal. Math H * *

475 Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. radiata Adad, Udad, Madhag H * * * *

476 Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. sublobata Jangli Mug H * * * * *

477 Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdcourt. Mung H * * * *

478 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp.

cylindrica (L.) Eseltine. Choli TW * *

479 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp.

unguiculata Verdcourt. Kulthi TW * * * * *

480 Vigna vexilata (L.) A. Rich. - H * * * *

481 Zornia gibbosa Span. Samarapani H * * * * *

47 Flacourtiaceae *

482 Casearia elliptica Willd. Mujali, Tondrum T * * *

483 Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merrill Kanti, Gar Gugal,

Katari, Lodrai T * * * * *

484 Flacourtia montana Grah. Yenkdi T * * * * *

48 Gentianaceae *

485 Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R. Br. Zinkukariatu H * *

486 Centaurium centaurioides (Roxb.) Rolla Rao

& Hemadri - H * * *

487 Enicostema axillare (Lam.) Raynal Mamejavo,

Zinkukariyatu H * * * *

44

49 Hydrocharitaceae *

488 Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle. Bam AH * *

489 Vallisneria spiralis L. Jal Sevar, Sewar AH * *

50 Hypoxidaceae *

490 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Kali Musli H * * * *

51 Lamiaceae *

491 Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Kuntze Chodharo, Goudaliyo US * * * * *

492 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Point. - H * *

493 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Kubi H * * * * *

494 Leucas biflora (Vahl) R. Br. - H * *

495 Leucas longifolia Bth. - H * * *

496 Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. - H * *

497 Leucas nutans (Roth) Spreng. - H * *

498 Leucas stricta Benth. - H * * * * *

499 Leucas urticaefolia (Vahl) R. Br. - H * * * *

500 Leucas zeylanica (L.) R. Br. Prodr. Kubo H * * *

501 Moschosma polystachyum (L.) Bth. Dungrau Tulsi H * *

502 Ocimum basilicum L. Damro, Damarvo H * * * * *

503 Ocimum canum Sims Ran Tulsi, Jangli Tulsi H * * * * *

504 Ocimum gratissium L. Ram Tulsi H * * * *

505 Ocimum sanctum L. Tulsi H * * *

506 Salvia plebeia R. Br. - H * *

52 Leeaceae *

507 Leea indica (N. Burman) Merril Hathani US * *

508 Leea macrophylla Roxb. Ex Hornem. - US * *

53 Liliaceae *

509 Allium cepa L. dungali H * *

510 Allium sativum L. Lasan H * *

511 Aloe barbadense Mill. Kuvarpathu H * *

512 Asparagus gonoclados Baker. Satavri SUS * * *

513 Asparagus racemosus Willd. var. javanicus

(Kunth) Baker. Satavri SS * * * *

514 Chlorophytum borivilianum Sam. Saefd Musli H * *

515 Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker Musli H * * * * *

516 Dipcadi erythraeum Webbl. & Berth. - H * * * *

517 Dipcadi montanum (Dalz.) Baker. - H * * * * *

518 Gloriosa superba L. Kankasani, Kajia Khori H * * * * *

54 Linaceae *

519 Linum usitatissimum L. - H * * *

45

55 Loganiaceae *

520 Strychnos potatorum L. Kantas, Nirmal,

Naimel, Nirmali ST * * *

56 Loranthaceae *

521 Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Etting var.

falcata Vando P * * * *

522 Viscum articulatum Burm. f. Bodo Vando P * *

57 Lythraceae *

523 Ammannia auriculata Willd. - H * * *

524 Ammannia baccifera L. Rato Jal Agio, Lal Agio H * * * * *

525 Ammannia multiflora Roxb. Zino Agio H * *

526 Lagerstroemia lanceolata Wall. Nana Bhondar T * * *

527 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Bondara, Bhondaro T * *

528 Lawsonia inermis L. Heena Mendhi, Mendhi S * *

529 Rotala densiflora (Roth ex Roem. & Shult.)

Koehne - H * *

530 Rotala serpyllifolia (Roth) Bremek. - H * *

531 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kuntz. Dhavadi T * * *

58 Malpighiaceae *

532 Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz - C * *

59 Malvaceae *

533 Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Monench. Bhinda, Bhindo US * * * *

534 Abelmoschus minihot (L.) Medic. Jangalli Bhindi US * * *

535 Abelmoschus moschatus Medicus. Jangali Bhindo US * * * *

536 Abutilon fruticosum Guill. var. fruticosum Saneri Dabariar US * * *

537 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet subsp. indicum. Khapato, Dabaliar,

Kanski US * * * *

538 Abutilon ramosum (Cav.) Guill. & Perr. - US * * *

539 Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef. Jangli Bhindi US * * *

540 Gossypium barbadense L. Vilayti Kapas S * *

541 Gossypium herbaceum auct. Non L. var.

acerifolium (Guill. & Perr.) Chevalier. Kapas, Desi Kapas S * *

542 Gossypium hirsutum L. Kapas S * *

543 Hibiscus amblyocarpus Hochst. ex Webb. - US * *

544 Hibiscus caesius Garcke - H * *

545 Hibiscus cannabinus L. - US * *

546 Hibiscus hirtus L. Baporis H * *

547 Hibiscus lobatus (Murr.) O. Ktze. Tali H * *

548 Hibiscus micranthus L. Chanak Bhindo US * * * * *

549 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Jasund, Jasvanti S * *

46

550 Hibiscus vitifolius L. Van Kapas, Van Bhindo US * *

551 Kydia calycina Roxb. Moti Hirvani, Warang T * *

552 Malva paraviflora L. Pranirak, Supra H * *

553 Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke - H * * * * *

554 Pavonia patens (Andr.) Chiov. Adavia, Adalia H * * * * *

555 Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav. - H * * * * *

556 Senra incana Cav. - US * *

557 Sida acuta Burm. f. Bala H * *

558 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borssum Bhoy Bala H * * * * *

559 Sida cordifolia L. Bala US * *

560 Sida ovata Forsk. - H * * * *

561 Sida rhombifolia L. Khetrau Balbuvaro H * * *

562 Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. & Corr. Paras Pimpro ST * *

563 Urena lobata L. subsp. lobata Vagadau Bhindo H * *

60 Martiniaceae *

564 Martynia annua L. Vinshudo US * * * * *

61 Meliaceae *

565 Aglaia odoratissima Blume. Patthardevdi T * * *

566 Azadirachata indica A. Juss. Limbdo, Neem T * * * * *

567 Melia azedarach L. Bakani Nim,

Bakanlimdo T * *

568 Soymida ferbrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss. Royan, Ragatrohido,

Rohn T * * * *

62 Menispermaceae *

569 Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch.-

Ham. ex DC.) Forman Venivel, Karandhiu TW * * * * *

570 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Vevdi, Vevti, Vagval STS * * * * *

571 Cocculus pendulus (J. R. & G. Forst.) Diels Unai, Orad, Valur,

Parwatti, Paratti STS * * *

572 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers Garo, Gadu, Gudaj Vel C * * * * *

63 Mimosaceae *

573 Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. ex Benth. - T * * *

574 Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. Khair, Katho T * * * * *

575 Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottler.) Willd. Katho, Kher, Khair T * *

576 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Talbaval ST * * * *

577 Acacia ferruginea DC. Kanti, Itchan T * *

578 Acacia jacquemontii Benth. Rato Baval, Dev Baval S * * *

579 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Harmo Baval, Goradio

Baval T * * * * *

47

580 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp.

cupressiformis (J. L. Stewart) Ali & Faruqi Baval T * *

581 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp. Indica (Bth.)

Brenan.

Deshi Baval, Bavar

Kalo T * * * *

582 Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Chillar, Khervalio

Baval L * * *

583 Acacia raddiana Savi. Israil Baval T * * * * *

584 Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. Kher, Goradio Baval T * * * * *

585 Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. - L * * *

586 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Karo Sirish T * * * *

587 Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. Dholo Sirish T * * * * *

588 Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Sirish T * *

589 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. Madhad, Mor

Dhundhiyu S * * * * *

590 Leucaena latisiliqa (L.) Gills Liso Bavar T * * * *

591 Mimosa hamata Willd. Kai bavari, Kai US * *

592 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Goras Amali T * * *

593 Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz. Gando Baval S * * * * *

594 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khijado, Shami T * * *

595 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merrill. Ratosarasdo, Shirish T * *

64 Molluginaceae *

596 Gisekia pharnaceoides L. var.

pharnaceoides - H * * * *

597 Glinus lotoides L. Mitho Okharad H * * * *

598 Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC. Kadvo Okharad H * * *

599 Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. - H * *

600 Mollugo pentaphylla L. Papet H * * *

65 Moraceae *

601 Atrocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Fanas T * *

602 Ficus amplissima Smith Pimpar, Payar T * *

603 Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Khadak Payar T * *

604 Ficus benghalensis L. var. benghalensis Vad T * * * *

605 Ficus carica L. Anjir T * *

606 Ficus heterophyllus Linn.f. Bhoin umro STS * *

607 Ficus hispida L. f. Dhed Umardo S * * *

608 Ficus microcarpa L. f. Pipar T * * *

609 Ficus racemosa L. Umaro, Umbio T * * * * *

610 Ficus religiosa L. Piparo, Piplo T * * * *

611 Ficus virens Ait. var. virens Pipli T * * * *

612 Morus alba L. Setur T * *

66 Moringaceae *

48

613 Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex Dalz. &

Gibs. Kadvo Saragvo T * * * * *

614 Moringa oleifera Lam. Mitho Saragvo T * *

67 Musaceae *

615 Musa paradisiaca L. Kela, Kelu ST * *

68 Myrtaceae *

616 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Nilgiri T * *

617 Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Nilgiri T * *

618 Psidium guajava L. Jamphal T * *

619 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jambu T * * * * *

620 Syzygium heyneanum (Duthie) Wall. ex

Gamble

Mota Jambu, Jal

Jamuni, Jal Jambu T * * *

621 Syzygium rubicundum W. & A. Van Jambu T * * *

69 Najadaceae *

622 Najas marina L. - AH * *

623 Najas minor All. - AH * *

70 Nelumbonaceae *

624 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Kamal AH * *

71 Nyctaginaceae *

625 Boerhavia diffusa L. Satodi H * * * * *

626 Boerhavia rubicunda Steud. Punnarva H * *

627 Bougainvillea glabra Choisy - STS * *

628 Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Boganvel STS * *

629 Commicarpus chinensis (L.) Heimerl - H * * * * *

630 Commicarpus verticillatus (Poir.) Standl. Zeri Satodo, Zeri

Satado H * * * * *

631 Mirabilis jalapa L. Gulbas H * *

72 Nympheaceae *

632 Nymphaea nauchali Burm. f. Poyana, Kumudini,

Kamal AH * *

633 Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Poyana, Kumudini,

Kamal AH * *

73 Oleaceae *

634 Jasminum grandiflorum L. Jui CS * * *

635 Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andrews Mogro, Jui TS * *

636 Jasminum officinale L. Jui CS * *

637 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Parijatak, Cheddi S * * * * *

638 Schrebera swieteinoides Roxb. Mokhano, Mokha,

Mokho T * * *

74 Onagraceae *

639 Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara - AH * *

640 Ludwigia octovalis (Jacq.) Raven subsp.

sessiliflora (Micheli.) Raven Panlavang AH * *

49

641 Ludwigia perennis L. - AH * *

75 Orchidaceae *

642 Aerides crispum Lindel. - O * * * *

643 Aerides maculosum Lindl. Lasun O * * *

76 Oxalidaceae *

644 Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Zarer, Zarero, Risamnu H * * *

645 Oxalis corniculata L. Changeri, Navari H * * *

77 Papaverceae *

646 Argemone mexicana L. f. mexicana. Darudi H * * * * *

78 Passifloraceae *

647 Passiflora edulis Sims. Krishna Kamal C * * * * *

648 Passiflora foetida L. - C * *

79 Pedaliaceae *

649 Pedalium murex L. Ubhu Gokharu H * *

650 Sesamum indicum L. Tal H * * *

651 Sesamum mulayanum Nair. Jangali Tal H * * *

80 Periplocaceae *

652 Cryptostegia gradiflora R. Br. Rubber Vel C * * * *

653 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. var. indicus. Dudheli, Dudh Vel TW * * * * *

654 Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens (Wt. &

Arn.) Hook. f. Dudheli, Dudh Vel TW * * * *

81 Plumbaginaceae *

655 Dyerophytum indicum (Gibs. Ex Wt.) O.

Ktze. Rakhod US * * *

656 Plumbago zeylanica L. Chitrak, Chitro H * *

82 Poaceae *

657 Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex Roem &

Schult.) Ohwi. Chinkhe, Jaura G * * * * *

658 Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stspf - G * * * * *

659 Andropogan pumilus Roxb. - G * *

660 Apluda mutica L. - G * *

661 Aristida adscensionis L. var. adcensionis. Laso Lampdo G * * * * *

662 Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. var.

funiculata. Lampdu G * * * * *

663 Aristida redacta Stapf. - G * *

664 Arundinella leptochloa (Nees ex Steud.) Hk.

f. - G * * * *

665 Arundinella pumila (Hochst. ex A. Rich.)

Steud. - G * *

666 Arundo donax L. - G * *

667 Bothriochloa glabra (Roxb.) A. Dharfo G * * * *

668 Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Br.) A. Clamus Dharfo, Saravu G * * *

50

669 Brachiaria distachya (L.) Stapf. - G * * * *

670 Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. var. ramosa. - G * * * * *

671 Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gard. & C. E. Hubb. Kaneru, Paneru,

Dadhiyo G * * * * *

672 Brachiaria setigera (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard - G * * *

673 Cenchrus biflorus auct. Dhaman, Anjan G * * *

674 Cenchrus ciliaris L. Dhaman G * * * * *

675 Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud.

ex Steud. - G * * * *

676 Cenchrus setigerus Vahl. Dhaman G * * * * *

677 Chloris barbata Sw. Siyar Puchh G * * * * *

678 Chloris dolichostachyos Lagas. Silaru, Rani Sikriyo G * * * *

679 Chloris virgata Sw. - G * * * *

680 Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov. - G * * *

681 Coix lacryma-jobi L. - G * *

682 Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stap - G * *

683 Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult.

subsp jwarancusa. - G * * * * *

684 Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult.

subsp. olivieri (Boiss.) Soenarko Roshdo G * * *

685 Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. Rosha Gha G * * * * *

686 Cynodon barberi Rang. et Tad. - G * *

687 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Dhrab G * * * * *

688 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. - G * * * * *

689 Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Narvans, Manvel-Vans,

bamboo S * * * *

690 Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf Dabha, Dabhado G * * *

691 Dichanthium annulatum (Forsk.) Stapf Jinjavo G * * * * *

692 Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus Zinzvo G * * * *

693 Dichanthium pertusum (L.) Clayton - G * *

694 Digitaria abludens (Roem. & Schult.)

Veldk. - G * *

695 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. Tarodiyu G * * * * *

696 Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers. - G * * *

697 Digitaria stricta Roth ex Roem. & Schult. - G * *

698 Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &

Schult. - G * *

699 Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. Samo, Jiriu, Jingava G * * * * *

700 Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. Adbau Samo G * * * *

701 Eleusine compressa (Forsk.) Aschers. &

Schweinf. - G * * * * *

702 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Adhan Nagli, Ukdo G * * * * *

51

703 Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. var.

brachystachya Boiss. - G * * * *

704 Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. var. ciliaris. - G * * * * *

705 Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. - G * *

706 Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv. - G * * * * *

707 Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex R. & S. Kalavo, Limor G * * * * *

708 Eragrostis tremula (Lam.) Hochst. ex Steud. - G * * * * *

709 Eragrostis unioloieds (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. - G * *

710 Eriochola procera (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard - G * *

711 Hemarthria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. - G * * *

712 Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex

Roem. & Schult.

Dabh Suliu, Kagadiu,

Sukhli G * * * * *

713 Ischaemum molle Hook. f. - G * *

714 Iseilema laxum Hack. - G * * * * *

715 Melanocenchris jacquemontii Jaub. &

Spach. - G * * * * *

716 Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. - G * * * * *

717 Oryza sativa L. Bhat, Chokha, Vari G * *

718 Panicum antidotale Retz. Dhun, Dhunsado G * * * * *

719 Panicum maximum Jacq. Gini Ghas G * *

720 Panicum miliaceum L. Chena Ghas, Varai,

Bhagar, Moraiyo G * * *

721 Panicum psilopodium Trin. var. coloratum

Hk. f. Mor- Danuro G * * *

722 Panicum psilopodium Trin. var. psilopodium Mor- Danuro G * * *

723 Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. &

Schult.

Varai, Hacki-Varai,

Vagad G * * * *

724 Panicum trypheron Schult. - G * *

725 Paspalum distichum L. - G * * * * *

726 Pennisetum hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud. Mor Thuthli G * *

727 Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. - G * *

728 Pennisetum typhoides A. Rich. Bajri, Bajaro G * *

729 Perotis indica (L.) O. Ktze. - G * *

730 Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. Ratvelio G * *

731 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. - G * *

732 Saccharum bengalense Retz. Munj G * *

733 Saccharum officinarum L. Shadi, Ganna G * *

734 Saccharum spontaneum L. Dabh, Kans G * * *

735 Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. Zipti, Kutra Ghas G * * * *

736 Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult. - G * * * *

737 Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. - G * * * *

738 Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Chipatiu- Motu G * * * * *

52

739 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Juwar, Jawar, Baru G * *

740 Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Jangli Juwar, Baru,

Barua G * *

741 Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth - G * * * * *

742 Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) W. D. Clayton - G * * * *

743 Sporobolus helvolus (Trin.) Th. Durantl &

Schinz - G * * * * *

744 Sporobolus icolados (Nees ex Trin.) Nees - G * * * * *

745 Tetrapogon tenellus (Koen. ex Roxb.)

Chiov. - G * * * * *

746 Tetrapogon villosus Desf. - G * * * *

747 Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi - G * * *

748 Triticum aestivum L. Ghahun G * *

749 Zey mays L. Makai G * *

83 Polygalaceae *

750 Polygala arvensis Willd. Pili Bhonysal H * *

751 Polygala erioptera DC. var. erioptera Patsan, Bhonysan H * * *

84 Polygonaceae *

752 Polygonum barbatum L. var barbatum. - H * *

753 Polygonum barbatum L. var. gracile

Steward. - H * * *

754 Polygonum glabrum Wild. Pili Bhonysal H * * *

755 Polygonum plebeium R. Br. var. indica

(Heyne ex Roth.) Hook. - H * * * * *

756 Polygonum plebeium R. Br. var. plebeium - H * *

757 Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. - C * *

85 Portulacaceae *

758 Portulaca oleracea L. Motiluni, Lakha, Luni,

Ghol, Kutbo H * *

759 Portulaca quadrifida L. Pat Luni, Ziniluni,

Sunluni, Kaati Bhaji H * * *

86 Potamogetonaceae *

760 Potamogeton crispus L. - AH * *

761 Potamogeton nodosus Poir. - AH * *

762 Potamogeton perfoliatus L. - AH * *

87 Primulaceae *

763 Anagallis arvensis L. var. coerulea (Schreb.)

Gren & Godr. - H * *

88 Proteaceae *

764 Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. Silver Oak T * *

89 Ranunculaceae *

765 Ranunculus sceleratus L. - H * *

90 Rhamnaceae *

53

766 Zizyphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth. Bordi ST * *

767 Zizyphus horrida Roth. - S * * *

768 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Mota Bor ST * * * * *

769 Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. F.) W. & A. Chani Bor, Palera US * * * * *

770 Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. BordiVelo S * * * *

771 Zizyphus xylopyra (Retz.) Willd. Ghot Bor, Ghat Bor ST * * * * *

91 Rubiaceae *

772 Adina cordifolia (Willd. ex Roxb.) Hook. f.

ex Brandis. Haldarvo, Haldu T * * * *

773 Borreria articularis (L. f.) F. N. Will. - H * * * *

774 Borreria pusilla (Wall.) DC. - H * * * * *

775 Gardenia resinifera Roth Dikamari, Pendri, Jangli

Champo ST * * *

776 Gardenia turgida Roxb. var. turgida Gangdi, Tadholi T * * *

777 Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) Wall.

Bhammar Chal,

Kadwai, Pariani, Boisal,

Lunio

T * *

778 Ixora arborea Roxb. ex J. E. Sm Naveri ST * * * * *

779 Ixora coccinea L. Ratinevari, Rato Okho S * *

780 Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Kadam, Kalam T * * * * *

781 Morinda tomentosa Heyne ex Roth Al, Ali T * *

782 Oldenlandia cormbosa L. Parpat, Parpati H * * * * *

783 Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay Mindhal, Mindhol S * * *

784 Xeromphis uliginosa (Retz.) Maheshwari. Gengdi, Gengda,

Gangeda ST * *

92 Rutaceae *

785 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bili Patra, Bili T * * * * *

786 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Limbu, Rasalu ST * *

787 Citrus medica L. Nimbu T * *

788 Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle Kothi, Kotha T * * * *

789 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Mitho Limado ST * *

790 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Kamini, Jaswanti ST * *

93 Salvadoraceae *

791 Salvadora persica L. Piludi-Khari S * *

94 Santalceae *

792 Santalum album L. Chandan, Sukhd T * *

95 Sapindaceae *

793 Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Kag Doriyu H * * * * *

794 Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Jakhmi T * *

795 Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Aritha T * * * *

796 Sapindus laurifolius Vahl Arithi T * * * *

54

797 Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Kosumdi, Kusum,

Kosimb T * * *

96 Sapotaceae *

798 Madhuca indica J. F. Gmelin Mahudo T * * * *

799 Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub. Rayan T * * *

800 Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen. Chiku T * *

97 Scrophulariaceae *

801 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Kadvi Naveri, Jal

Naveri, Bam H * * *

802 Kickxia ramossisima (Wa.) Janch. Bhini Ghilodi, Bhini H * * *

803 Limnophila indica (L.) Druce Tarati, Purti H * *

804 Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb. Ex D. Don) P.

Bruehl.

Pathar Chatti Pisadedi,

Zamarval H * * * *

805 Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alst - H * * * *

806 Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell - H * * * *

807 Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. - H * * * * *

808 Lindernia oppositifolia (Retz.) Mukerjee. - H * * *

809 Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines - H * * * * *

810 Striga asiatica (L.) O. Ktze. Pilo / Lal Agio P * * *

811 Striga gesnerioids (Willd.) Vatke Rato Agio, Rato Jogido,

Ratodio P * *

812 Verbascum chinense (L.) Santapau. - H * *

98 Simaroubaceae *

813 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Moto Arduso Rukhdo, T * * * * *

99 Solanaceae *

814 Capsicum annuum L. Marchi H * *

815 Datura innoxia Mill. Kalo Dhaturo US * *

816 Datura metel L. Dhaturo US * *

817 Lycium barbarum L. Taleti S * *

818 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Tamata, Tamatu H * *

819 Physalis angulata L. Sarpopata, Popatiya H * * *

820 Physalis longifolia Nutt. - H * *

821 Physalis minima L. var. minima Sarpopata, Popti,

Parpopti H * * * * *

822 Physalis minima Linn. var. indica Clarke. - H * * *

823 Physalis peruviana L. Popatiya US * * *

824 Solanum albicaule Kotschy ex Dunal - US * * *

825 Solanum anguivi Lam. Ubhi Ringni H * * * *

826 Solanum incanum L. Ubhi Ringni US * *

827 Solanum melongena L. var. insana Prain - US * *

828 Solanum melongena L. var. melongena Ringana, Ringan US * * * * *

55

829 Solanum nigrum L. Piludi H * *

830 Solanum tuberosum L. Alu H * *

831 Solanum virginianum L. Bethi ringni, bhoin

ringni SH * * *

832 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Ashwagandha,

Ghodasn, Ghodakun US * * *

100 Sterculiaceae *

833 Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R. Br. Kodan, Kodaro,

Kedaro, Khavas T * * *

834 Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Rudrakshi T * *

835 Helicteres isora L. Marada Sing, Ati S * * * * *

836 Melhania futteyporensis Munro ex Mast. var

futteyporensis - US * *

837 Sterculia urnes Roxb. Kadayo, Kadai, Kadio T * * * *

838 Waltheria indica L. - US * *

101 Tamaricaceae *

839 Tamarix ericoides Rottl. - US * *

840 Tamarix troupii Hole. - ST * *

102 Tiliaceae *

841 Corchorus aestuans L. Kag Shing, Chunch,

Chhadhari H * * * * *

842 Corchorus capsularis L. Bor Chhhunchi US * *

843 Corchorus depressus (L.) Stocks Bahuphali H * * * *

844 Corchorus fascicularis Lam. - H * * *

845 Corchorus olitorius L. Chunch H * * * * *

846 Corchorus tridens L. - H * * * *

847 Corchorus trilocularis L. - H * * *

848 Grewia abutilifolia Vent. ex Juss. - US * * *

849 Grewia damine Gaertn. Sisoti S * *

850 Grewia flavescens A. Juss. Trobet S * * * * *

851 Grewia hirsuta Vahl Khad Dhamni, Khad

Dhaman US * * *

852 Grewia subinaequalis DC. Phalsa T * *

853 Grewia tenax (Forsk.) Fiori Gangeti, Nagbala US * * * * *

854 Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl var. tiliaefolia Dhaman S * * * * *

855 Grewia villosa Willd. - S * *

856 Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. Zipti US * *

857 Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Zipti US * * * * *

858 Triumfetta rotundifolia Lam. Zipti H * * * * *

103 Trapaceae *

56

859 Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa (Roxb.)

Makino Shinghoda AH * *

104 Typhaceae *

860 Typha angustata Bory. & Chaub. Gha Bajariu H * *

861 Typha elephantina Roxb. - H * *

105 Ulmaceae *

862 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Kanaji Kanjo, Papada T * * * * *

863 Streblus asper Lour. Harero T * *

106 Verbenaceae *

864 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. - S * *

865 Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm. f.) O.

Ktez. Arani ST * * * * *

866 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Sivan T * *

867 Lantana camara auct. Non L. var. aculcata

(L.) Mold. Indradhanu US * * * * *

868 Phyla nodiflora (L.) E. E. Greene Rat Velio H * *

869 Tectonia grandis L. f. Sag, Sagado, Nagod,

Nagud T * * * *

870 Vitex negundo L. Dhuni, Nagod ST * * * * *

871 Vitex trifolia L. - ST * * *

107 Violaceae *

872 Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. - H * * *

108 Vitaceae *

873 Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Jangali Draksh C * * * * *

874 Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin Khat Khatubado C * * * * *

875 Cissus quadrangularis L. Hadsankal C * *

876 Vitis vinifera L. Jangli Draksh C * * * * *

109 Zingiberaceae *

877 Curcuma amada Roxb. - H * *

878 Curcuma inodora Blatter. - H * *

879 Curcuma pseudomontana Grah. - H * * *

110 Zygophyllaceae *

880 Tribulus rajasthanensis Bhandari & Sharma - H * * *

881 Tribulus terrestris L. Gokharu, Akanti H * * * * *

629 307 582 445 881

T-Tree, ST-Small Tree, S-Shrub, US-Under Shrub, H-Herb, P-Parasite, G-Grass, STS-Straggling

Shrub, TW-Twiner, C-Climber, O-Orchid, SE-Sedge, TH-Twining Herb, CS-Climbing Shrub, WC-

Woody Climber, TS-Twining Shrub, WT-Woody Twiner, AH-Aquatic Herb.* indicates the presence

while blank cell indicates the absence

57

The order of species richness status among the forest types is as

follows: OSF>DDF>MDF>TTF. Among the forest types, more numbers of

species were recorded from OSF as reported earlier by Joshua et al. (2007).

The OSF is a remnant of dry and moist deciduous forest and thus it supports

both types of plant species. Moreover, agricultural activities, plantation, and

human habitation have considerably increased the species richness in all

plant forms. Chandrashekara and Ramakrishnan (1994) observed greater

herbal richness at disturbed sites than undisturbed sites in the tropical

evergreen forests of Western Ghats. According to Ghazoul (2001),

disturbance by tree logging in the tropical forest of Thailand has resulted in

a marked increase in the under storey of herbaceous flora. Ram et al. (2004)

reported the enhanced growth of under-storey species at the disturbed forest

of Central Himalaya, especially due to the open canopy. They interpreted

that the increased open canopy enhance the light penetration and their by

change the water availability and temperature which resulted in the increase

of heterogeneity of the habitat. Many studies have already shown the effect

of availability of nutrient resources and light on species richness,

composition and dominance of both aquatic and terrestrial plant

communities (Salibury, 1916; Grime, 1966; Givnish, 1987; Singh, 2003).

Hence, all the above said factors could be the reasons for the OSF having

more numbers of species richness in all forms.

The habit or life form specific analysis showed that all the forest

types at NGR were dominated by herbs, trees, and grasses. Trees are the

stable elements of all the forest types. Herbs and grasses are mainly

seasonal, annuals and few perennials. These two forms mainly depend on

rainfall and soil moisture and they are monsoon specific. The relative

advantage of tree dominance in North Gujarat Region is its capacity to store

water as soil moisture. The grasses and herbs are able to utilise this stored

water in the soil and produce large number of seeds making them dominant

in the region (Kharkwal et al., 2004). The seeds of such huge amount are

58

capable of producing the viable newer plants with short life span escaping

from harsh conditions. The death and decay of such annuals add more

organic matter to the soil than other life forms. This directly helps the

dominance and establishment of the tree forms. Besides the spatial

variations in the species composition, the composition of life forms are

depending on the dominant vegetation type and variations in the

environmental factors.

Riverine forest along two rivers in MDF showed difference in the

species composition, species and family dominance, density and diversity in

the MDF. This could be due to the rainfall, soil types and difference in

species composition in the catchment areas (Sunderraj, 1998). Similarly, the

dominance of herb, tree and grass over other life forms in the present study

is the result of hot dry semiarid climatic conditions, topography and the

magnitude of the disturbances. The life form status study of NSS area

located in the western most part of the arid Kachchh also showed the

domination of herbs followed by tree and grass forms (GEER and GUIDE,

2001).

4.3.2. Dominant families

On the whole, Poaceae was the dominant family with the record of

93 species, followed by Fabaceae (80) and Asteraceae (53). In the forest

type analysis, DDF was dominated by Poaceae (70), Fabaceae (62),

Asteraceae and Acanthaceae (30), while MDF was dominated by Poaceae

(45), Fabaceae (30) and Asteraceae (28). The TTF was dominated by

Poaceae (44), Fabaceae (24) and Acanthaceae (18), while OSF was

dominated by Poaceae (78), Fabaceae (40) and Asteraceae (27) (Table 4.2).

59

Table 4.2: Dominant families in different forest types of North Gujarat

Region

OSF TTF DDF MDF Overall

Most

dominant

families

Poaceae (78) Poaceae (44) Poaceae (70) Poaceae (45) Poaceae (93),

Other

Dominant

families

Fabaceae (40),

Asteraceae (27)

Fabaceae (24),

Acanthaceae

(18)

Fabaceae (62),

Asteraceae (30),

Acanthaceae (30)

Fabaceae (30),

Asteraceae (28)

Fabaceae (80),

Asteraceae (53)

Number of species is given in parenthesis

Forest specific dominant family analysis showed that DDF, MDF

and OSF were dominated by Poaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae but it was

Poaceae, Fabaceae and Acanthaceae that dominated in TTF. In general,

Poaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae were the dominant families in NGR.

These are also reported as common families from Aravalli Hill ranges

(Vyas, 1965; Yogi, 1970; Jangid, 2002; Rai, 2002; Patel, 2002a). Joshua et

al. (2005) also reported a similar trend for NGR, except the addition of

Cyperaceae. The Cyperaceae contains mostly sedges, which usually grows

on the edges of water spread areas. The distribution of sedges differs

depending upon the availability of moisture level in the region. In the

current study, due to the change in the rainfall pattern during study period

and less distribution of sample plots with high moisture in the area

Cyperaceae did not attain this status.

Similar kind of family domination in the order of Poaceae >

Fabaceae > Asteraceae was recorded in Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary (NSS),

Kachchh (GEER and GUIDE, 2001). NSS also experience the semi-arid

climate like the study area, NGR

Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Acanthaceae are predominately

seasonal plants (annuals) producing large number of seeds with wide range

of ecological tolerances and good dispersal efficiency (Good, 1974; Ghani

and Khalik, 2005). The above said factors could be these possible reasons

60

for the dominance of the four families as suggested by Wickens, 1976;

Boulos, 1985; Hosni and Hegazi, 1996; Ghani and Khalik, 2005.

4.3.3. Dominant genera

At the genera level, Euphorbia dominates (with 17 species),

followed by Ipomoea (14), Cyperus (13), Cassia (13) and Acacia (13). In

the forest typewise analysis, DDF was dominated by Euphorbia (14),

Acacia (11), Cassia and Ipomoea (9), while MDF was dominated by

Cyperus (12) Euphorbia (10), Ficus, Acacia, and Ipomoea (7). The TTF

was dominated by Euphorbia (8), Acacia (7) and Cyperus (6), while OSF

was dominated by Euphorbia (13), Cassia (12) and Ipomoea (11) (Table

4.3).

Table 4.3: Dominant genera in different forest types of North Gujarat

Region

OSF TTF DDF MDF Overall

Most

dominant

genera

Euphorbia

(13)

Euphorbia

(8)

Euphorbia

(14),

Cyperus (12)

Euphorbia (17),

Other

Dominant

genera

Cassia (12),

Ipomoea

(11)

Acacia (7),

Cyperus (6)

Acacia (11),

Cassia (9),

Ipomoea (9)

Euphorbia (10),

Ficus (7),

Acacia (7),

Ipomoea (7)

Ipomoea (14),

Cyperus (13),

Cassia (13),

Acacia (13)

Number of species is given in parenthesis

An almost similar kind of results (see chapter – 2) were observed

except for the number of species in the genus Cyperus. In this genus the

number of species has come down resulting in to the less dominance of

Cyperaceae. On the other hand the dominance of Cassia and Acacia are due

to the well establishment of Leguminosae in North Gujarat Region. The

dominance of Acacia and Euphorbia is a good indication of dry climatic

condition and relatively a disturbed ecosystem. The composition of species

or genera at all regional levels were directly or indirectly related to the

variation of environmental factors (Vetaas, 1992), and disturbance (Sagar et

al., 2003) of the area. Some species may tolerate the disturbance and

61

increases in number, while the others may disappear from their habitat

(Sagar et al., 2003). Similarly, Darwin (1859) says, “species which have

good cope up with the environment tend to have a greater number of

distinct varieties (survival of fittest). Also the process may diversify the

genera in that particular area”. Hence the dominant genera in North Gujarat

Region (Euphorbia, Ipomoea, Cyperus, Cassia and Acacia) may have

resulted from the climatic environmental factors and the cumulative

disturbances of the area.

4.3.4. Spatial distribution of species in the different forest

Out of 881 species recorded from North Gujarat Region, 222 species

(25%) showed wider distribution as they were recorded in all the forest

types (Figure 4.1). In general, 117 species were found in three forest types:

4 species in OSF, TTF and MDF, 7 species in MDF, DDF, and TTF, 61

species in MDF, DDF and OSF and 45 species in OSF, TTF and MDF.

Floral list of the study area showed that out 40.86% of the species (360

species) were reported from only one forest type (Figure 4.1) and these

species are highly influenced by the local environmental conditions and

represented as habitat specific species. Out of 360 species specific to

particular habitat or forest type, 178 species were found in OSF, while 99

and 81 species were supported by DDF, MDF forests respectively. Out of

the remaining, 521 species of plants were found in more than one habitat

and thus can be treated as habitat generalists.

Among the forest types TTF could support only two species of

habitat specialist which could be the outcome of constant disturbance by the

human activities

The OSF is a remnant of dry and moist deciduous forests and thus it

supports both types of plant species. Moreover, agricultural activities,

plantation, and human habitation have considerably increased the species

richness in all plant forms. Moreover, the heterogeneity with the forest

62

types and the individuality and sustainability of each type of forests is

because of the low levels of species exchangeability between forest types

(Issac et al., 2004).

However, a further study on rainfall, drought pattern and its

influence on soil quality, seed resources in the catchment areas, quantitative

information on disturbance factors would explain the forest individuality.

4.4. Conclusion

� The dominant life forms in NGR are herb, grass and trees

� The dominant families in NGR are Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae

and Acanthanceae

� The dominant genera are Euphorbia, Acacia, Cassia, Ipomoea,

Cyperus and Ficus.

� Among the habitat types, OSF supports more numbers of species in

all forms of plants followed by DDF, MDF and TTF respectively as

OSF is not only a remnant of DDF and MDF, but also harbours

various microhabitats viz. agricultural lands, human settlement and

plantation etc.