Chapter – V Profile of Hyderabad Karnataka...

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Chapter – V Profile of Hyderabad Karnataka

Region

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CHAPTER – V PROFILE OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION

This chapter deals with the profile of Hyderabad Karnataka region

exclusively, it also focuses on the analysis of participation of scheduled tribes

in various political institution in the study area.

PART – I 5.1 GENERAL PROFILE

In this section, a brief profile of Hyderabad Karnataka region which is

one of the region selected for the study is presented. Hyderabad Karnataka

region is the name given to the area which was a part of erstwhile Hyderabad

province. When the new state of Mysore (presently known as Karnataka) was

formed in 1956, Kannada speaking areas of Hyderabad province were added

to the new state. These areas came to be known as Hyderabad Karnataka

region later on. At present Hyderabad Karnataka region includes the district

of Bellary, Bidar, Gulbarga, Raichur and Koppal.

5.1.1 Location and Boundaries Hyderabad Karnataka region is situated in the North Eastern part of the

Karnataka state and falls within the geographical region of North Maidan. It spreads

between 14o60’ to 18o30’ Northern latitude and 75o60’ to 77o70’ Eastern longitude1.

The region is bounded on the North by Solapur, Nanded and

Osmanabad districts of Maharastra state and on the east by Nizamabad,

Medak, Mahaboobnagar, Rangareedy districts of Andhra Pradesh, in the

south by Karnool district of Andhra Pradesh and Chitradurga, Davangere

districts of Karnataka state. In the west by Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gadag and

Haveri districts of Karnataka state as shown in Map.

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Figure – 5.1: India map showing Hyderabad Karnataka region with the five selected districts

Karnataka Map

Hyderabad Karnataka Map

AiÀiÁzÀVÃgÀ

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5.1.2 Districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region:

The Hyderabad Karnataka region covers the total area of 44,108 sq. kms.,

which accounts for 23% of the total geographical area of the Karnataka state.

Table No. 5.1: Districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region and Geographical Area

Sl. No. Districts Area (in Sq. Kms.)

Percent to total geographic area

1. Bellary 8419 19.08

2. Bidar 5448 12.35

3. Gulbarga 16224 36.78

4. Raichur 5559 12.60

5. Koppal 8458 19.17

Total 44108 100.00

Source: Compiled from, Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance, 2000-01.

The Table No. 5.1 gives us the idea of the districts included in the

Hyderabad Karnataka Region and the geographical area covered by them.

It is clear from the table that Gulbarga district is the largest district in the

region with total geographical area of 16,244 sq. km. followed by Koppal,

Bellary, Raichur. Bidar district is the smallest district in the region with the

total geographical area of 5448 sq. kms.

5.1.3 Physiography:

Physiographically the Hyderabad Karnataka region forms the part of

two well defined physiographic regions of Karnataka state.

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a) Northern Karnataka Plateau:

The Northern Karnataka plateau comprises the districts of Bidar

and Gulbarga. It is largely composed of Deccan trap. It represents a

monotonous treeless extensive plateau landscape with a general elevation of

300 to 600 mts. from the mean sea level. This region is largely covered with

the rich black cotton soil2.

b) Central Karnataka Plateau:

The Central Karnataka plateau comprises the districts of Raichur,

Koppal and Bellary. The region represents the transitional surface between

the Northern Karnataka plateau with relatively higher surface and Southern

Karnataka plateau with relatively lower surface. By and large this region

represents the area of Tungabhadra basin. The general elevation varies

between 450 to 700 mts. from the mean sea level3.

5.1.4 Soil:

The soil condition in Hyderabad Karnataka region varies from district

to district. Major portion of Gulbarga and Bidar districts consists of deep

black soil, few parts of Bidar district i.e., Humanabad, Basawakalyan, Bidar

talukas have laterite soil. On the other hand the districts of Raichur, Koppal

and Bellary districts are covered by the reddish sandy soil, the light green

loamy soil and the reddish brown soil.

5.1.5 Climate:

The climate of the Hyderabad Karnataka region in general is

characterized by dryness for the major part of the year and a very hot summer.

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The region receives rainfall both from southwest and northeast monsoon.

However, the mean rainfall in the region is scant i.e., 692 mm in a year.

5.1.6 Rivers:

Three major river basins of south India i.e., Godavari, Krishna and

Tungabhadra covers the area of Hyderabad Karnataka region, Karanja,

Bheema, Krishna, Tungabhadra are the major rivers of the Hyderabad

Karnataka region. These rivers have lot of irrigation potentials, which have to

be exploited to supply water to the vast agricultural land of the region.

5.1.7 Mineral Resources:

Hyderabad – Karnataka region has been endowed with rich mineral

resources. The important mineral resources available in the region includes

such as Lime Stone, Gypsum, Quartz, Stearite, Bauxite, Kaolin, Redochre,

White Quartz, Iron Ore, Manganese. The most important mineral of Gulbarga

district is the Limestone, which is found in Chittapur, Sedam, Chincholi,

Shahapur, Shorapur and Jewargi covering about 15000 sq. miles. Large

deposits of Kaolin are located in Bidar district. About 2500 tonnes of good

Kaolin clay is estimated to be available in the district. The most important

mineral available in Raichur district is gold, next to Kolar district; Raichur is

the only other district which possesses gold reserves in the state. The district

has the prestigious Hatti Gold Mines and the reserves of gold are estimated to

be of 4.11 lakh tonnes. Bellary district has been endowed with iron ore and

manganese. As a result, number of industrial units such as world famous

ACC at Wadi in Gulbarga district, Hatti Gold mines in Raichur, Sandur

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Manganese Company at Sandur in Bellary district, Jindal Iron Company at

Hospet in Bellary district have come up in the Hyderabad Karnataka region.

5.1.8 Demographic Features

a) Population:

The population figures of Hyderabad Karnataka Region shown in the

following Table No. 5.2 reveals that in 1991, the total population of the region

was 8038 (000’s), by 2001 it has increased to 9493 (000’s). The decadal growth

rate was around 18.10%, which is little bit higher than the state average of

17.25. The District wise distribution of population shows that Gulbarga is the

largest district in the region with the population of 3125 (000’s), followed by

Bellary and Raichur district.

Table No. 5.2: District wise population in Hyderabad Karnataka Region -

1991 and 2001

1991 2001 Sl. No.

Particulars Total population

(000’s) % to total

population Total population

(000’s) % to total

population 1. Bellary 1890 23.51 2025 21.33

2. Bidar 1256 15.63 1501 15.81

3. Gulbarga 2582 32.12 3125 32.92

4. Raichur 2310 28.74 1648 17.36

5. Koppal - - 1194 12.58

Hyderabad Karnataka Region

8038 100.00 9493 100.00

Source: Compiled from Government of India, Census of India 1991 and 2001.

The newly formed Koppal district is smallest district in the region with

the population of 1194 (000’s) in 2001. Among the districts, Koppal district has

the highest decadal growth rate of 24.57% and Bidar district has the lowest

decadal growth rate of population i.e., 19.56%.

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b) Density:

The density of population in Hyderabad – Karnataka region is

presented in Table No. 5.3. In 1991 the density of population was 177 by 2001

it increased to 215, which is lower than the state average of 275. The district

wise density of population shows that Bidar district is the most densely (276)

populated district in the region during the both census.

Table No. 5.3: District wise density of population in Hyderabad Karnataka

Region – 1991 and 2001

Density

Sl. No. Districts

1991 2001

1. Bellary 191 240

2. Bidar 231 276

3. Gulbarga 159 193

4. Raichur 165 241

5. Koppal - 166

Hyderabad Karnataka Region 177 215

State 235 275

Source: Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance, 1991 and 2001.

Koppal district has lowest density of population at 166 in 2001.

This shows that the population in the region is not distributed uniformly.

c) Sex ratio:

Sex ratio figures as shown in the following Table No. 5.4 for

Hyderabad Karnataka Region shows that in 1991 the sex ratio was 964 as

against the state average of 960. In 2001 the sex ratio in Hyderabad Karnataka

region increased to 968, which is again higher than the state average of 964.

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Table No. 5.4: District wise Sex ratio in Hyderabad Karnataka Region –

1991 and 2001

Sex ratio

Sl. No.

Districts 1991 2001

1. Bellary 965 969

2. Bidar 952 948

3. Gulbarga 962 964

4. Raichur 979 980

5. Koppal - 982

Hyderabad Karnataka Region 964 968

State 960 964

Source: Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance, 1990-91 and 2000-01.

The District – wise sex ratio in Hyderabad Karnataka Region shows

that Koppal district has highest sex ratio of 982 in 2001 and Bidar district has

the lowest sex ratio of 948 in 2001. The sex ratio in all the district except Bidar,

has increased between 1991 and 2001. To be more specific in Bidar the sex

ratio has declined during the decade from 952 to 948.

d) Urban Population:

The percentage of urban population is an important indicator of

urbanization. The Table No. 5.5 shows that the percentage of urban

population in Hyderabad Karnataka Region was 23.63% in 1991 it increased

to 26% in 2001. The percentage of urban population in Hyderabad Karnataka

Region is lower than the state average (33.98%) during the same period.

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Table No. 5.5: District wise urban population of Hyderabad Karnataka Region 1991 and 2001

1991 2001 Sl. No.

District Urban

population (000’2)

Percentage Urban population

(000’2)

Percentage

1. Bellary 564 29.68 706 28.06

2. Bidar 246 12.95 345 13.72

3. Gulbarga 610 32.11 848 33.70

4. Raichur 480 25.26 419 16.65

5. Koppal - - 198 7.87


1900 23.63 2516 26.00

State total 13908 30.92 17920 33.98

Source: Government of India, Census of India 1991 and 2001, Karnataka series.

The district wise urban population figure shows that Gulbarga district

has highest percentage of urban population in both 1991 (32.11%) and 2001

(33.70%). In 1991 Bidar district has low percentage of urban population i.e.,

12.95%. In 2001, it has been replaced by Koppal district where the percentage

of urban population is just 7.87%. In Bellary, the urban population decreases

from 29.68 to 28.06 from 1991 to 2001 and Raichur also shows a decreasing

trend from 25.26 in 1991 to 16.65 by 2001. The total urban population in

Hyderabad Karnataka region increases from 23.83% to 26% from 1991 to 2001

which is less than the state average.

5.1.9 Literacy level:

The literacy rate of Hyderabad Karnataka Region during 1991 and 2001 is

presented by Table No. 5.6. It shows that the literacy rate in the region is lower

when compared to the state average. In 1991 the total literacy rate in Hyderabad

Karnataka Region was 40.85% as against the state literacy rate of 56.05%. In 2001,

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the literacy rate in Hyderabad Karnataka Region increased to 55.05% whereas

state average is 67.04%. Another important observation during both the periods

is that the female literacy rate in Hyderabad Karnataka Region is lower than the

state average. In 1991 the female literacy rate in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

was 26.89% as against the state average of 44.34%. By 2001 the female literacy in

Hyderabad Karnataka Region has increased to 42.43%, the state female literacy

rate during the same period is 57.45%.

The District wise literacy figures for Hyderabad Karnataka Region shows

that Bellary district had highest literacy rate (45.57%) in 1991. In 2001 it has been

replaced by Bidar district with 61.98% of total literacy rate. Raichur district

continues to be the district with low literacy rate during both the periods. In 1991

only 35.96% of population in the district were literates. By 2001 this number

increased to 49.54%. As far as female literacy is concerned, Gulbarga and Raichur

districts continued to be the districts with lowest female literacy.

Table No. 5.6: District wise literacy level in Hyderabad Karnataka Region 1991 and 2001

(In percentage) 1991 2001

Sl. No.

Districts Total literacy

Male literacy

Female literacy

Total literacy

Male literacy

Female literacy

1. Bellary 45.57 58.71 31.97 58.04 69.59 46.16

2. Bidar 45.11 58.97 30.53 61.98 73.29 50.01

3. Gulbarga 38.54 52.08 24.49 50.65 62.59 38.40

4. Raichur 35.96 49.53 22.15 49.54 62.02 36.84

5. Koppal - - - 55.02 69.15 40.76


40.85 54.37 26.89 55.05 67.33 42.43

State total 56.05 67.26 44.34 67.04 76.29 57.45

Source: Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance, 1991 and 2001.

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In 1991, the female literacy rate in Gulbarga and Raichur districts were

24.49 and 22.15% respectively and these gradually increased to 38.40% and

36.84% in 2001 for the respective districts.

5.10 Infrastructure Facilities

Infrastructure is essential for the socio-economic development of an

area. Development of infrastructure facilities is considered important, as it

provides base for the developmental activity and stimulates industrial activity

by locating industrial undertaking. The transport, communication, health and

education facilities will have positive impact on the progress of the area.

Table No. 5.7 gives the birds eye view of infrastructure development

during the decade 1991 – 2001.

From the above table it is clear that all the villages of Hyderabad

Karnataka Region have been electrified. The road length per 100 sq. kms. has

shown little improvement i.e., in 1991 there was 40.98 kms. of road per

100 sq. kms. in the region, by 2001 this has increased to 50,10 kms. The length

of railway line was just 1.59 kms in 1991, it has decreased to 1.29 kms., in

2001. In 1991 there were 4.12 post offices per 100 sq. kms in Hyderabad

Karnataka Region their number showed marginal improvement by 2001 and

stood at 4.29. The number of primary schools per 50,000 population was

39.32% in 1991, and 39.53% by 2001. Similarly, number of secondary schools

per 50,000 population was 4.64 in 1991 and by 2001 it

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Table No. 5.7: Infrastructure development among the districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region during 1991 and 2001

Districts

Bellary Bidar Gulbarga

Raichur Koppal Hyderabad Karnataka

Region

Sl. No.

Particulars

1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001 1. Villages electrified (in %) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

2. Road length per 100 sq. kms (in kms) 48.97 60.50 52.52 54.46 37.26 47.06 35.20 45.74 - - 40.98 50.10

3. Railway line per 100 sq. kms (in kms) 3.34 3.17 1.46 1.46 1.27 0.73 0.76 0.92 - 0.65 1.59 1.29

4. No. of post offices per 100 sq. kms 4.60 5.43 5.57 5.63 3.82 3.85 3.56 8.46 - 9.64 4.12 4.29

5. No. of primary schools per 50,000 population 36.51 37.95 37.98 39.21 38.45 41.30 44.48 37.68 - 40.59 39.32 39.53

6. No. of secondary schools per 50,000 population 4.29 5.21 7.27 10.29 4.06 6.64 3.98 4.70 - 5.24 4.64 6.40

7. No. of PHC’s per 50,000 population 1.14 0.64 1.28 0.78 1.34 0.65 1.65 0.85 - 0.51 1.35 0.66

8. No. of PHC’s per 100 sq. kms. 0.43 1.33 0.59 1.40 0.43 1.68 0.42 1.43 - 1.80 0.45 1.53

9. No. of hospital beds per 50,000 population 44.67 48.94 27.20 29.01 30.76 34.77 21.67 22.72 - 22.96 31.50 33.26

10. No. of telephones per 50,000 population 188.13 1356.15 143.77 863.72 145.63 906.86 159.75 862.81 - 871.43 159.38 983.75

11. No. of Banks offices per 50,000 population 4.53 3.85 3.51 3.06 3.22 2.78 4.51 2.85 - 3.06 3.91 3.10

Source: Computed from, Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 1990-91 and 2000-01. PHC – Public Health Centres

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increased to 6.40. Coming to the Health Sector, number of PHC’s per

100 sq. kms. have been shown very negligible increase during the decade.

In 1991 there were 0.45 PHC’s per 100 sq. kms. and their number increased to

1.53 by 2001. Similarly number of PHC’s per 50,000 population stood at

1.35 in 1991, however, by 2001 their number decreased to 0.66. Number of

Bank Offices have also declined during the decade. The only significant

improvement could be found in the number of telephones in Hyderabad

Karnataka Region. Their number has increased from 159.38 in 1991 to 983.75

by 2001. Thus the glance at the District – wise infrastructrual facilities in

Hyderabad Karnataka Region shows that Bellary, Bidar district have

somewhat better infrastructure base when compared to the Gulbarga and

Raichur districts in the region.

The analysis of infrastructure development scenario of Hyderabad

Karnataka Region shows that the region has very poor infrastructure base.

This might have put an obstacle in the socio-economic development of the

region. Therefore, development of infrastructrual facilities must be given

utmost importance in any policies aimed at the development of the region.

5.11 Human Development Index:

The Human Development Index for the Hyderabad Karnataka Region

(Table - 5.8) shows that all the districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region have

low H. D. I. score when compared to the state average. Further, there is

disparity among the districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region. Bellary district

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with the HDI score of 0.59 tops the table, whereas, Raichur district with the

HDI score of 0.54 is the last district in the region as far as HDI is concerned.

Table No. 5.8: Human development index of Hyderabad Karnataka Region – 1998

Sl. No. Districts

Estimates of adult literacy

rate 1998

Adult literacy index 1998

Combined enrolment index 1998

Education index 1998

Estimate of LEB

1998

LEB index 1998

Per capita

income (in Rs.)

1998

Real GDP per

capital income

1998

Income index 1998

Human develop

ment index

1. Bellary 56.46 0.56 0.71 0.61 64.52 0.66 12200 1991 0.50 0.59

2. Bidar 52.27 0.52 0.32 0.59 67.24 0.70 7861 1283 0.42 0.57

3. Gulbarga 44.93 0.45 0.70 0.53 67.40 0.71 9516 1553 0.46 0.57

4. Raichur 43.13 0.43 0.53 0.46 67.65 0.71 8688 1418 0.44 0.54

5. Koppal - - - - - - - - - -

State 63.66 0.64 0.78 0.68 66.05 0.68 13621 2222 0.52 0.63

Note: HDI score for Koppal district was not available as it was formed only in 1997 Source: Government of Karnataka, Human Development in Karnataka Report, 1999. 5.2 LAND HOLDINGS AND CROPPING PATTERN

Agriculture is the main economic activity of majority of people in

Hyderabad Karnataka Region. The state of agricultural development in

Hyderabad Karnataka Region could be understood by analyzing various

factors relating to agricultural sector such as utilization of land, cropping

pattern, development of irrigation facilities and land holdings pattern.

a) Land Utilization:

The land utilization pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region was

represented by the Table No. 5.9. It is clear from the table that the land

used for forest and permanent pastures, has decline during the decade.

In 1989 – 90, 259 (000’s hectares) of land was under forest, by 2004-05 it

decreased to 241 (000’s hectares). Similarly 97 (000’s hectares) of land was

under permanent pasture in 1989 – 90, this Shrinked to 91 (000’s hectares) by

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2004 – 2005. The net sown area in the region has also declined during the

decade. In 1989 – 90 the net area sown was 3127 (000’s hectares), which

accounts for 69.55% of the total geographical area. However, by 2004-05, it

declined to 2972 (000’s hectares) i.e., 68.28% of total geographical area.

On the other hand, the land utilized for non-agricultural purpose, trees and

groves, fallow land have shown increasing tendency during the decade.

In 1989-90, 211 (000’s hectares) of land i.e., 4.69% of total geographical area

was used for non-agricultural purpose. This increased to 219 (000’s hectares)

i.e., 5.03% of geographical area in 2004-05. Similarly area under trees

and groves was 32 (000’s hectares) in 1989-90 and it marginally decreased to

31 (000’s hectares) by 2004-2005. The fallow lands, both current fallow and

other fallow land has also shown increasing tendency during the decade.

In 1989-90, 397 (000’s hectares) of land was current fallow, this increased

to 451 (000’s hectares) by 2004-05. The area under other fallow land

was around 116 (000’s hectares) in 1989-90 and it decreased to 106 (000’s

hectares) by 2004-05. The area sown more than once also increased from

424 (000’s hectares) in 1989-90 to 578 (000’s hectares) in 2004-05. However, the

total sown area marginally declined from 3551 (000’s hectares) in 1989-90 to

3550 (000’s hectares) in 2004-05.

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Table No. 5.9: Land utilization pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region 1989 – 90 and 2004 – 2005

(In 000’s hectares)

Districts Forest Non-

agricultural

Barren land Cultivable

waste land

Permanent

pasture

Trees and

Grover

Current

fallow land

Other fallow

land

Net area sown More than

once area

sown

Total

cropped area

Total

geographical

area

1989

-90

2004

-05

1989

-90

2004-

05

1989-

90

2004

-05

1989

-90

2004

-05

1989

-90

2004-

05

1989-

90

2004

-05

1989

-90

2004

-05

1989

-90

2004

-05

1989-90 2004-05 1989

-90

2004

-05

1989

-90

2004

-05

1989

-90

2004

-05

Bellary 119 97 80 69 59 53 30 25 7 5 4 4 40 93 06 08 611

(63.91)

459

(56.45)

80 73 691 532 956 813

Bidar 24 28 19 22 22 19 20 19 14 14 12 11 32 30 37 33 362

(66.79)

365

(67.34)

84 80 446 445 542 542

Gulbarga 68 69 53 68 63 63 12 12 41 37 2 02 153 139 20 21 1198

(74.41)

1191

(74.47)

139 209 1337 1408 1610 1610

Raichur 48 18 59 21 37 20 14 11 35 20 14 14 172 114 53 38 956

(68.88)

581

(69.49)

121 87 1077 668 1388 836

Koppal - 29 - 39 - 17 - 03 - 15 - - - 75 - 06 - 368

(66.66)

- 129 - 497 - 552

H. K. Region 259

(5.76)

241

(5.53)

211

(4.69)

219

(5.03)

181

(4.05)

172

(3.95)

76

(1.69)

70

(1.69)

97

(2.16)

91

(2.09)

32

(0.71)

31

(0.71)

397

(8.83)

451

(10.36)

116

(2.58)

106

(2.43)

3127

(69.55)

2972

(68.27)

424

(9.43)

578

(13.27)

3551

(78.98)

3550

(81.55)

4496

(100.00)

4353

(100.00)

Source: Computed from, Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance 1990–91 and 2004–05.

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The District wise analysis of land utilization in Hyderabad Karnataka

Region shows that in all the districts, the net sown area is higher than the state

average. As in the case of state, the net area sown in all the districts of

Hyderabad Karnataka Region except Gulbarga has declined. Among the district,

Gulbarga has the highest net sown area during both the periods. The net sown

area in Bidar district is lowest in the region. The area sown more than once also

increased from 424 (000’s hectares) in 1989 – 90 to 578 (000’s hectares) in 2004-05.

However, the total sown area declined marginally from 3551 (000’s hectares) in

1989 – 90 to 3550 (000’s hectares) in 2004-05.

b) Land holding pattern:

The following table shows the land holding pattern in Hyderabad

Karnataka Region for the decade 1990 – 91 to 2000 – 2001.

The Table No. 5.10 reveals that 78.51% of land holdings in Hyderabad

Karnataka region falls under the category of marginal, small and semi medium

land holdings during 1990-91 and it increases to 85.57% in 2000-01. Medium and

large holdings accounts for just 21.46% in 1990-91 it decreases to 14.47% by

2000-01. This indicates the subdivision and fragmentation of the land holdings in

the region, which are unsuitable for the application of modern technology to

agriculture. As far as number of land holdings is concerned the total land

holding in Hyderabad Karnataka Region in 1990 – 91 were around 1211 (000’s

hectares) their number increased to 1485 (000’s) by 2000 – 01. The increase in the

land holdings is much in case of marginal, small and semi, medium land

holdings. This clearly shows that the sub division and fragmentation of land

holdings in the region has increased during the decade.

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Table No. 5.10: District wise agricultural land holding pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region – 1990 – 91 and 2000 – 2001

(000’s hectares)

No. of marginal land holding

(below 1 hectare)

No. of small land holding

(1 to 2 hectare)

No. of semi medium land

holding (2 to 4 hectare)

Medium land holding

(4 to 10 hectares)

Large land holding (More than 10

hectares)

Total land holdings

Districts 1990-91 2000-01 1990-91 2000-01 1990-91 2000-01 1990-91 2000-01 1990-91 2000-01 1990-91 2000-01

Bellary 67

(28.38)

81

(34.17)

64

(27.11)

67

(28.27)

59

(25.00)

54

(22.78)

38

(16.10)

31

(13.08)

8

(3.38)

5

(2.10)

236

(100.00)

237

(100.00)

Bidar 22

(13.25)

53

(24.42)

64

(38.55)

87

(40.09)

51

(30.72)

55

(25.34)

24

(14.45)

19

(8.75)

5

(3.01)

3

(1.38)

166

(100.00)

217

(100.00)

Gulbarga 62

(14.58)

112

(20.40)

133

(26.58)

191

(34.79)

128

(30.11)

158

(28.77)

81

(19.05)

74

(13.47)

21

(4.94)

13

(2.36)

425

(100.00)

549

(100.00)

Raichur 73

(19.01)

74

(25.96)

118

(30.72)

94

(32.98)

110

(28.64)

74

(25.96)

69

(17.96)

38

(13.33)

14

(3.64)

06

(2.10)

384

(100.00)

285

(100.00)

Koppal - 50

(25.36)

- 67

(34.01)

- 54

(27.41)

- 23

(11.67)

- 3

(0.35)

- 197

(100.00)

Hyderabad

Karnataka

Region

224

(18.49)

370

(24.91)

379

(31.29)

506

(34.07)

348

(28.73)

395

(26.59)

212

(17.50)

185

(12.45)

48

(3.96)

30

(2.02)

1211

(100.00)

1485

(100.00)

State total 2261

(39.13)

3252

(45.93)

1587

(27.47)

1909

(27.10)

1163

(20.13)

1259

(17.78)

634

(10.97)

569

(8.03)

129

(2.23)

89

(1.25)

5777

(100.00)

7079

(100.00)

Source: Compiled from, Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance, 1990-91 and 2000 – 01.

172

The district wise land holding pattern also indicates same trend.

However, increase in the number of total land holdings during the decade was

high in case of Gulbarga and Bidar district and low in case of Raichur district.

The above analysis reveals that any agricultural development policy has to

take into consideration the small and marginal farmers while framing the policies.

c) Irrigation:

Hyderabad Karnataka Region is situated in the semi arid area.

Therefore, agriculture is heavily dependent on the rain. In the post

independence period the state government laid much stress on the

development of irrigation facilities in the region. As a result of this number of

minor, medium and major irrigation projects in the Hyderabad Karnataka

Region have increased. Notable are the Tungabadra River project, Upper

Krishna projects and Karanja river projects. The following Table No. 5.11

gives us the picture about the net area irrigated by major, medium and minor

irrigation projects in Hyderabad Karnataka Region as on 2004 – 05.

Table No. 5.11: District wise net area irrigated in Hyderabad Karnataka Region during 2004 – 05

Net area irrigated (00 hectares) District Total

Major + Medium + Minor Ratio of net area irrigated

to net area sown Bellary 1612 35.11 Bidar 397 10.87 Gulbarga 1745 14.55 Raichur 1701 29.27 Koppal 1200 32.60

Hyderabad Karnataka Region 6655 22.39

Source: Final Report, High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalances, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, 2002, pp. 299 – 300. Directorate of economic and statistics 2004 – 05.

173

During 2004 – 05, the total area irrigated by major, medium and minor

irrigation projects was 6655 (00 hectares), which accounts to 22.39% of net

area sown in the region. The district wise analysis shows that Bellary district

has larger percentage of area irrigated followed by Koppal and Raichur

districts. The net area irrigated in Gulbarga and Bidar district is

comparatively low. Thus revealing that despite of government efforts to

develop irrigation facilities in the region, very small percentage of agricultural

land is supplied with assured water. This may be due to delay in the

implementation of irrigation projects, technical problems and other hurdles.

But, one has to keep in mind that Hyderabad Karnataka Region is situated

between three important river basins viz., Godavari Basin, Krishna Basin and

Tungabadra Basin. Hence, there is a lot of irrigation potential in the region.

Only sincere efforts are to be made to harness this potential. This is one of the

key to the socio-economic development of Hyderabad Karnataka Region.

d) Cropping pattern:

The cropping pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region has shown

changing tendency among the districts, Kharif and rabbi are the two cropping

seasons in which different cereals, pulses and other commercial crops are

grown. In summer cultivation is done in small areas with assured irrigation

facilities. The following Table No. 5.12 gives us the idea about the cropping

pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region during 1993 – 94 and

2004 – 05.

174

Table No. 5.12: Area under important crops in Hyderabad Karnataka Region 1993-94 and 2004-05

(00’ hectares) 1993-94 2004-2005

Sl. No.

Crops Area in hectares

Percentage to net sown area

Area in hectares

Percentage to net sown area

1. Paddy 2469 9.65 3226 11.73

2. Ragi 258 1.00 57 0.20

3. Jawar 8590 33.57 6765 24.61

4. Bajra 1682 6.57 2444 8.89

5. Maize 349 1.36 734 2.67

6. Wheat 433 1.69 372 1.35

7. Other cereals and minor millets

521 2.03 186 0.67

8. Bengal gram 1586 6.19 2076 7.55

9. Tur 2585 10.10 4541 16.52

10. Other pulses 2159 8.43 3310 12.04

11. Ground nut 3109 12.15 2107 7.66

12. Sugarcane 333 1.30 297 1.08

13. Cotton 1509 5.89 1369 4.98

Total 25583 100.00 27484 100.00

Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a glance, 1993 – 94 and 2004– 05

It is clear from the above table that the agricultural scenario of

Hyderabad Karnataka Region is dominated by cereals. Half of the cropped

area is used for growing different types of cereals. Among the non-cereal

crops, pulses have dominance. Red gram is the main pulse grown in the

larger part of the region. It is the main crop of Hyderabad Karnataka

Region. Groundnut is also one of the important non-cereal crop of the

Hyderabad Karnataka Region. The area under paddy increases from

2469 (00’s hectares) of land in 1993-94 to 3226 (00’s hectares) by 2004-05.

It increases from 9.65% to 11.73% of net sown area. This increase may be due

175

to the provision of irrigation facilities after the commissioning of Upper

Krishna Project in the region. At the same time increase in the production of

Paddy naturally induces the entrepreneurs to start more and more rice mills

in the region.

Another important observation from the data is that area under tur

has also increased from 2585 (00’s hectare) of land in 1993-94 to 4541

(00’s hectares) by 2004-2005 i.e., from 10.10% of net sown area in 1993-94 to

16.52% net sown area in 2004-2005. This trend definitely leads to the setting

up of more and more dal mills in the region.

Similarly, the area under sugarcane has decreased marginally from 333

(00’s hectares) in 1993-94 to 297 (00’s hectares) in 2004-2005 i.e., from 1.30% to

1.08% of net sown area.

One more significant observation made here is that area under

cotton has declined during the decade. In 1993-94 the area under cotton was

1509 (00’s hectares) of land but it decreased to 1369 (00’s hectares) of land by

2004-2005 i.e., from 5.89% to 4.98% of net sown area. It may lead to the

shortage of raw material for the cotton ginning and pressing industries in the

study area.

5.2.1 Area and production of major crops grown in Hyderabad Karnataka region from 1993-94 to 2004-05

The Table No. 5.13 reveals that the net area and production of major

crops in Hyderabad Karnataka region. The net area under paddy in

Hyderabad Karnataka region increases from 2469 (00’ hectares) in 1993-94

which was 17.94% of paddy grown in the whole Karnataka to 3.226

176

(00’ hectares) in 2004-05 i.e., 24.66% of the whole of Karnataka. The area under

paddy is highest in Raichur in both the periods, where as in Gulbarga it

increases tremendously from 147 to 774 (00’ hectares) due to the provision of

irrigation facilities through upper Krishna project. Bellary and Koppal also

shows increasing trends.

The production of paddy in Hyderabad Karnataka region increases

from 623 (000’ tonnes) in 1993-94 to 1602 (000’ tonnes) during 2004-05 i.e., the

area under tur is highest in Gulbarga i.e., 3457 (00’ hectares) in 2004-05

followed by Bidar 701 (00’ hectares) Riachur and Koppal.

Production of tur in Hyderabad Karnataka Region increased from

75 (000’ tonnes) in 1993-94 to 2377 (000’ tonnes) by 2004-05. i.e., from 48.38%

to 81.65% of whole Karnataka. The productivity is highest in Gulbarga

followed by Bidar, Bellary, Koppal and Raichur. It shows that the soil in

Gulbarga district is more suitable for growing red gram. It is the main cause

for the concentration of dal mills in and around Gulbarga district.

The area under sugarcane in Hyderabad Karnataka Region decreased

from 333 (00’ tonnes) in 1993-94 to 297 (00’ hectares) by 2004-05.

The percentage share of Hyderabad Karnataka Region increases from 11.03%

to 16.70% for the same period. The area under sugarcane is highest in Bidar

234 (00’ hectares) i.e., 78.78. The area under sugarcane decreases in Bellary,

Gulbarga and Raichur and it is nil in Koppal.

177

Table No. 5.13: Area and production of major crops grown in Hyderabad Karnataka region 1993-94 to 2004-05

Bidar Bellary Gulbarga Koppal Raichur Hyderabad Karnataka region Karnataka

Crop 1993- 94 2004-05 1993-94 2004-05 1993- 94 2004-05 1993-94 2004-05 1993-94 2004-05 1993- 94 2004-05 1993- 94 2004-05

Paddy A

P

157

9

80

52

535

141

668

371

147

22

774

378

- -

624

359

1636

451

1080

442

2469 (17.94)

623 (9.57)

3226 (24.66) 1602

(28.83)

13758

3183

13081

5556

Tur A

P

485

16

701

442

137

2

89

50

1669

48

3457

1774

- -

118

25

294

9

175

9

2585 (71.64)

75 (48.38)

4540 (80.76) 2377

(81.65)

3608

155

5621

2911

Sugarcane A

P

184

1120

234

1405

69

438

18

159

49

369

44

209

- -

- -

31

35

1

8

333 (11.03) 2162 (8.12)

297 (16.70) 1781

(12.72)

3018

26603

1778

13993

Cotton A

P

32

4

19

2

715

103

424

48

26

5

279

73

- -

291

27

736

106

353

32

1509 (26.43)

218 (28.20)

1366 (26.17)

182 (29.16)

5709

773

5218

624

Note: A – Area in 00’ hectares P – Production in 000’ tonnes Figures in brackets indicates percentage share of Hyderabad Karnataka Region in Karnataka

Source: Statistical abstract of Karnataka 1993-94 and 2004-05, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore

178

The production of sugar cane was decreased from 2162 (000’ tonnes) to

1781 (000’ tonnes) from 1993-94 to 2004-05. Though the total production of

sugarcane in Hyderabad Karnataka Region decreases but the share in

Karnataka increased from 8.12% to 12.72% during the same period.

The area under cotton in Hyderabad Karnataka Region decreased from

1509 (00’ hectares) in 1993-94 to 1366 (00’ hectares) by 2004-05 and the

percentage share of Hyderabad Karnataka Region marginally decreased from

26.43% to 26.17% during the period of 1993-94 to 2004-05. There is a

tremendous decrease in the area under cotton cultivation of Bellary and

Raichur district which are the main cotton growing belts of Hyderabad

Karnataka region.

Production of cotton was decreased from 218 (000’ tonnes) to

182 (000’ tonnes) during 1993-94 to 2004-05. Though the total production

shows a decreasing trend but there is slight improvement in the share of

Hyderabad Karnataka Region (i.e., 28.20% to 29.16%).

179

PART – II

This part discusses the political participation of scheduled tribes in

Hyderabad Karnataka region.

Table No. 5.14: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Raichur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of gram panchayat of Raichur taluk, 2010.

0

5

10

1520

25

3035

General ScheduledTribe (ST)

ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.1: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Raichur Taluk

Particulars Male % Female %

General 96 27.27 65 28.14

Scheduled Tribe (ST) 63 17.90 48 20.78

Scheduled Caste (SC) 71 20.17 46 19.91

OBC 122 34.66 72 31.17

Total 352 100.00 231 100.00

180

Table No. 5.14. Discusses the caste and gender wise distribution of

gram panchayat members in Raichur taluk.

The above table reveals that there are 352 male gram panchayat members

in total, among the total. The highest member 122 with 34.66% are belonging to

OBCs. The second highest number 96 with 27.27% are belonging to general

category and the third highest number 71 with 20.17% are belonging to

scheduled castes and 63 with 17.90% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

The female wise distribution of the gram panchayat members reveals

that there are 231 female members in total among the total, 31.17% are

belonging to OBC, followed by 65 members belonging to general category

with 28.14%, 48 members belonging to scheduled tribes with 20.78% 46

members belonging to scheduled castes with 19.91%.

The overall observation of the table is that in Raichur taluk gram

panchayats there exists medium representation of scheduled tribes i.e., 20.78%

are 17.90% are female and male respectively. It is depicted in Graph No. 5.1.

181

Table No. 5.15: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Lingasugur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of gram panchayat of Lingasugur taluk, 2010.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.2: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Lingasugur Taluk


General 115 28.12 76 29.34



OBC 135 33.01 80 30.89

Total 409 100.00 259 100.00

182


gram panchayat members in Lingasugur taluk.

The table shows that there are 409 male and 250 females members of

gram panchayat in Lingasugur taluk. Among the total male members the

highest number 135 with 33.01% are belonging to OBC, followed by 115 with

28.12% belonging to general category, 85 with 20.78% belonging to scheduled

caste and the lowest number 74 with 18.09% are belonging to scheduled

tribes.

The female distribution of gram panchayat members reveals that

among the total (259) the highest number 80 with 30.89% are belonging to

OBC, followed by 76 with 29.34% are belonging to general category, 60 with

23.17% are belonging to scheduled tribes and 43 members with 16.6% are

belonging to scheduled tribes.

The finding of the table is that in Lingasugur taluk, there exists more

than 15% of gram panchayat members belonging to scheduled tribes.

It is depicted in Graph No. 5.2.

183

Table No. 5.16: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Manvi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of gram panchayat of Manvi taluk, 2010.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph – 5.3: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Manvi Taluk


General 101 22.60 66 22.30



OBC 151 33.78 96 32.43

Total 447 100.00 296 100.00

184


gram panchayat members in Manvi taluk.

It is identified from the above table that among the total there are

447 members belonging to male and 296 members belonging to females.

The highest number 151 with 33.78% of male members are belonging to OBC, the

second highest number 111 with 24.83% are belonging to scheduled tribes

followed by 101 with 22.60% are belonging to general category and the lowest

number 84 with 18.79% are belonging to scheduled castes.

The female distribution of table reveals that 96 with 32.43% members

are belonging to OBC followed by 74 with 25.00% are belonging to scheduled

tribes, 66 with 22.30% are belonging to general category and the lowest

60 with 20.27% are belonging to scheduled caste.

The over all findings of the table is that in Manvi taluk, there exists the

second highest number of gram panchayat members belonging to scheduled

tribes.


185

Table No. 5.17: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sindhanur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of gram panchayat of Sindhanur taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.4: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sindhanur Taluk


General 157 34.06 84 28.67



OBC 162 35.14 104 35.49

Total 461 100.00 293 100.00

186


gram panchayat members in Sindhanur taluk.

The table reveals that there are 461 and 293 male and female members

respectively. Among the male members the highest number 162 with 35.14%

are belonging to OBC, followed by 157 with 34.06% are belonging to general

category, 73 with 15.84% are belonging to scheduled caste and the lowest

number 69 with 14.97% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

The distribution of gram panchayat members belonging to female

reveals that the highest number 104 with 35.49% are belonging to OBC,

followed by 84 with 28.67% are belonging to general category, 59 with 20.14%

are belonging to scheduled caste and the lowest number 46 with 15.70% are

belonging to scheduled tribe.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists the lowest number

15% of male and female representation belonging to scheduled tribes and gram

panchayat of Sindhanur taluk. The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.4.

187

Table No. 5.18: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Deovdurga Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of gram panchayat of Deovdurga taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.5: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Deovdurga Taluk


General 47 14.87 31 15.50



OBC 97 30.70 57 28.50

Total 316 100.00 200 100.00

188

Table No. 5.18. Discusses the caste and gender wise distribution and

gram panchayat member sin Deovdurga taluk.

It is observed from the table that there are 316 and 200 gram panchayat

members in Deovdurga taluka male and female respectively. Among the

male members, the highest number 108 with 34.18% are belonging to

scheduled tribes, followed by 97 with 30.70% are belonging to OBC, 64 with

20.25% are belonging to scheduled caste and the lowest number 47 with

14.87% are belonging to general category.

The female distribution of gram panchayat in Deovdurga taluka reveals

that among the total (200), the highest number 71 with 35.50% are belonging to

scheduled tribes, followed by 57 with 28.50% are belonging to scheduled caste

and the lowest number 31 with 15.50% are belonging to general category.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists more

number of gram panchayat member both from male and female belonging to

scheduled tribes in Deovdurga taluka. The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.5.

189

Table No. 5.19: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Raichur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Raichur taluk, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.6: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Raichur Taluk


General 6 54.55 6 46.15



OBC 1 9.09 3 23.08

Total 11 100.00 13 100.00

190


taluk panchayat member in Raichur taluk.

It is observed from the table that there are 24 taluk panchayat members

in Raichur taluk. Among the total 11 members are male and 13 are female.

Among the male members, the highest number 6 with 54.55% are belonging

to general category, followed by 2 members with 18.18 are belonging to

scheduled tribes and scheduled caste equally and the lowest number 1 with

9.09% are belonging to OBC.

The female distribution of taluk panchayat members shows that the

highest number 6 with 46.15 are belonging to general category, followed by

2 members with 15.38% are belonging to scheduled tribes and scheduled caste

equally and the lowest number 3 with 23.08 are belonging to OBCs.

The over all observations of the table is that in Raichur taluk panchayat

there exists are than 18% of members belonging to scheduled tribes. It is

depicted in Graph No. 5.6.

191

Table No. 5.20: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Devdurga Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Devdurga taluk, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50

General Scheduled Tribe(ST)

ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.7: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Devdurga Taluk


General 5 50 5 45.45

Scheduled Tribe (ST) 3 30 4 36.36

Scheduled Caste (SC) 2 20 2 18.18

OBC 0 0 0 0.00

Total 10 100 11 100.00

192

Table No. 5.20. Discuses the caste and gender wise distribution of taluk

panchayat members in Devdurga taluk.

It is identified from the table that there are 21 taluk panchayat member

in total. Among the total 10 are male and 11 are female. The caste wise

distribution of numbers in taluk panchayat of Devdurga reveals that the

highest number, 5 with 50% are belonging to general category, the second

highest number 3 with 30% are belonging to scheduled tribes, followed by

2 members with 20% are belonging to scheduled caste and no representation

from backward caste.

The female wise distribution of members reveals that out of the total (11) the

highest number 5 with 45.45% are belonging to general category, followed by

4 with 36.36% are belonging to scheduled tribes, 2 with 18.18% are belonging to

scheduled caste and there is no representation belonging to backward caste.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists the second highest

number of members belonging to scheduled tribe in the institutions of taluk

panchayat of Devdurga taluk. The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.7.

193

Table No. 5.21: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Manvi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Manvi taluk, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.8: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Manvi Taluk


General 7 50.00 8 50.00



OBC 1 7.14 1 6.25

Total 14 100.00 16 100.00

194


taluk panchayat member in Manvi taluk panchayat.

It is observed from the table that there are 30 taluk panchayat members

in total. Among the total 14 are male and 16 are female. The caste wise

distribution of taluk panchayat members belonging to male shows that the

highest number 7 with 50.00% are general category, followed by 3 members

with 21.43% belonging to scheduled tribes and scheduled caste equally and

1 member with 7.14% is belonging to backward caste.

The female wise distribution of taluk panchayat members reveals that

out of the total (16) the highest number 7 with 50.00% are belonging to general

category, followed by 4 members with 25.00% are belonging to scheduled

tribes and 3 with 18.75% are belonging to scheduled caste, and one member

with 6.25% is belonging to backward caste.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists the second

highest number of taluk panchayat members belonging to scheduled tribes in

Manvi taluk panchayat. The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.8.

195

Table No. 5.22: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Lingasugur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Lingasugur taluk, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50

General ScheduledTribe(ST)

ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.9: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Lingasugur Taluk


General 6 50.00 7 50.00

Scheduled Tribe(ST) 2 16.67 3 21.43


OBC 1 8.33 1 7.14

Total 12 100.00 14 100.00

196

Table No. 5.22. Discusses the caste and gender wise distribution of taluk

panchayat member in Lingasugur taluk.

The table shows that there are 26 taluk panchayat members in total in

Lingasugur taluk. Among the male member, the highest number 6 with 50.00%

are belonging to general category, followed by 3 with 25.00% are belonging to

scheduled castes, 2 members with 16.67% are belonging to scheduled tribes and

one member with 8.33% is belonging to backward castes.

The female distribution of members reveals that out of 14 members, the

highest number 7 with 50.00% are belonging to general category, followed by

3 members with 21.43% are belonging to scheduled tribes and scheduled castes

equally and only one member with 7.14% is belonging to backward caste.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists the third highest

number of members belonging to scheduled tribe male and the second highest

number of members belonging to scheduled tribe female in the institution of

taluk panchayat of Lingasugur taluk. The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.9.

197

Table No. 5.23: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Sindhanur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Sindhanur taluk, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.10: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Sindhanur Taluk


General 7 50.00 8 50



OBC 3 21.43 3 18.75

Total 14 100.00 16 100

198


taluk panchayat member in Sindhanur taluk.

The above table reveals that the members belonging to male are 14 in

total. Out of the total, the highest number 7 with 50.00% are belonging to

general category, followed by 3 with 21.43% are belonging to backward castes

and 2 members with 14.29% are equally belonging to scheduled tribes and

scheduled caste.

The female distribution of members reveals that the highest number 8

with 50.00% are belonging to general category 3 members with 18.75% are

belonging to scheduled caste and backward caste and the lowest number

2 with 12.5% are belonging to scheduled tribe.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists the lowest

number of participation belonging to scheduled tribes in taluk panchayat of

Sindhanur taluk. The same is discussed in Graph No. 5.10.

199

Table No. 5.24: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Raichur District

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of zilla panchayat of Raichur taluk, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.11: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Raichur District


General 9 52.94 9 50.00



OBC 1 5.88 1 5.56

Total 17 100.00 18 100.00

200

Table No. 5.24. Discusses the caste and gender wise distribution of zilla

panchayat members in Raichur district.

It is observed from the table that there are 17 and 18 male and female

zilla panchayat members in Raichur district respectively. Among the male

zilla panchayat members the highest number 9 with 52.94% are belonging to

general category, followed by 4 members with 23.53% are belonging to

scheduled tribes, 3 members with 17.65% are belonging to scheduled castes

and one member with 5.88% is belonging to backward castes.

The female distribution of zilla panchayat members in Raichur district,

reveals that the highest number 9 with 50.00% are belonging to general category,

4 members with 22.22% are belonging to scheduled tribes and scheduled castes,

and one member with 5.56% is belonging to backward castes.

The over all observation of the table is that from both male and

female members of zilla panchayat there exists the second highest number of

members belonging to scheduled tribes in Raichur district. It is depicted in

Graph No. 5.11.

201

Table No. 5.25: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Gulbarga Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Gulbarga taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.12: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Gulbarga Taluk


General 111 31.01 76 25.00



OBC 130 36.31 81 26.64

Total 358 100.00 304 100.00

202


gram panchayat members in Gulbarga taluk.

The table shows that there are 358 and 304 males and female members

in gram panchayats of Gulbarga taluk. Out of the total 358, there are only

3 members with 0.84% from male and 34 members with 11.18% from female


The over all observation of the table is that there exists 0.84% male

representation and 11.18% female representation of scheduled tribes. Further

the table reveals that there will not be a development of scheduled tribes in

the institutions of gram panchayat of Gulbarga taluk as there is the lowest

participation of scheduled tribes.


203

Table No. 5.26: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Jewargi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Jewargi taluk, 2010.

05

1015202530354045


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.13: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Jewargi Taluk


General 131 41.59 75 34.25



OBC 115 36.51 60 27.40

Total 315 100.00 219 100.00

204


gram panchayat members in Jewargi taluk.

It is observed from the table that out of the total 315 (male), there are

only 6 members with 1.90% are belonging to scheduled tribes and out of the

total 219 (female), there are 34 members with 15.53% are belonging to

scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists less than 2% of

representation belonging to male scheduled tribes and less than 16% of

representation belonging to female scheduled tribes in the institutions of

gram panchayat in Jewargi taluk.


205

Table No. 5.27: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Chincholi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Chincholi taluk, 2010

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.14: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Chincholi Taluk


General 62 29.95 35 25.74



OBC 79 38.16 43 31.62

Total 207 100.00 136 100.00

206


gram panchayat members in Chincholi taluk.

It is observed from the table that out of the total 207 (Male) members,

there are only 4 members with 1.93% belonging to scheduled tribes and

14 members with 10.29% of female members belonging to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists less number of

representation of male members and less than 11% of female members

belonging to scheduled tribes in the institutions of gram panchayat in

Chincholi taluk.

The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.14.

207

Table No. 5.28: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Chittapur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Chittapur taluk, 2010.

05

1015202530354045


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.15: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Chittapur Taluk


General 135 36.29 81 45.00



OBC 130 34.95 77 42.78

Total 372 100.00 180 100.00

208


gram panchayat members in Chittapur taluk.

It is observed from the table that out of the total 382 male members,

there is only one member with 0.27% belonging to scheduled tribe.

From female representation out of the total 180 members, there are 35

members with 19.44% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists more male

representation of scheduled tribes and medium female representation

belonging to scheduled tribes in the institutions of gram panchayat in

Chittapur taluk.


209

Table No. 5.29: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Afzalpur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Afzalpur taluk, 2010.

0

10

20

30

40

50


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.16: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Afzalpur Taluk


General 116 46.77 67 39.41



OBC 88 35.48 51 30.00

Total 248 100.00 170 100.00

210


gram panchayat members in Afzalpur taluk.

It is observed from the table that the male members in gram

panchayats of Afzalpur taluk in total are 248, out of the total 4 members with

1.61% are belonging to scheduled tribes. And out of the total 10 female

members, there are 27 members with 12.94% are belonging to scheduled

tribes.

The overall observation of the table is that there exists less than 2%of

male representation belonging to scheduled tribes and less than 13% of female

representation belonging to scheduled tribes.


211

Table No. 5.30: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sedam Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Sedam taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.17: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sedam Taluk


General 88 34.51 52 30.59



OBC 92 36.08 50 29.41

Total 255 100.00 170 100.00

212


gram panchayat members in Sedam taluk.

It is observed from the table that there are 255 male members and

170 female members in working of gram panchayats in Sedam taluk. Out of

the total (255) male members, there are only 3 members with 1.18% members

belonging to scheduled tribes and 23 members with 13.53% are belonging to

female scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that in the institutional of gram

panchayats there exists low level of participation of male and below 14% of

participation of female members belonging to scheduled tribes in Sedam

taluk.


213

Table No. 5.31: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Aland Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Aland taluk, 2010.

0

10

20

30

40

50


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.18: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Aland Taluk


General 147 50.00 93 32.52



OBC 138 46.94 86 30.07

Total 294 100.00 286 100.00

214


gram panchayat members in Aland taluk.

It is observed from the table that out of the total (294) male one

member with 0.34% and 40 members with 13.99% of female members are in

the institutions of gram panchayat in Aland taluk.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists less than 5%

representation of male and less than 14% of female representation belonging

to scheduled tribes in Aland taluk.


215

Table No. 5.32: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Gulbarga Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Gulbarga taluk, 2011.

Table No. 5.33: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Aland Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Aland taluk, 2011.

Table No. 5.34: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Afzalpur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Afzalpur taluk, 2011.


General 6 75.00 4 50.00



OBC 0 0.00 1 12.50

Total 08 100.00 08 100.00


General 7 58.33 7 46.67



OBC 2 16.67 3 20.00

Total 12 100.00 15 100.00


General 4 57.14 5 50.00



OBC 2 28.58 2 20.00

Total 7 100.00 10 100.00

216

Table No. 5.35: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Jewargi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Jewargi taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.36: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Chincholi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Chincholi taluk, 2011.

Table No. 5.37: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Sedam Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Sedam taluk, 2011.


General 5 50.00 5 45.45



OBC 3 30.00 3 27.28

Total 10 100.00 11 100.00


General 5 55.56 6 50.00



OBC 1 11.11 1 8.33

Total 9 100.00 12 100.00


General 5 71.42 4 40

Scheduled Tribe (ST) 0 0 1 10

Scheduled Caste (SC) 1 14.29 4 40

OBC 1 14.29 1 10

Total 7 100 10 100

217

Table No. 5.38: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Chittapur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Chittapur taluk, 2011.

Table No. 5.32, 5.33, 5.34, 5.35, 5.36, 5.37 and 5.38 discuss the caste and

gender wise distribution of taluk panchayat members in Gulbarga, Aland,

Afzalpur, Jewargi, Chincholi, Sedam and Chittapur taluks.

The above table reveals that the male participation of scheduled tribes

in the working of taluk panchayats in Gulbarga district. The table shows that

out of 8 members there are no male representation in Gulbarga taluk

panchayat, out of 12 members in Aland taluk panchayat, out of 7 in Afzalpur

taluk panchayat, out of 10 in Jewargi taluk panchayat, out of 9 in Chincholi

taluk panchayat, out of 7 members in Sedam taluk panchayat, out of 9 in

Chittapur taluk panchayat.

The participation of female representation of scheduled tribes in taluk

panchayats of Gulbarga district reveals that in Gulbarga taluk panchayat, out

of 8 female members there is 1 member with 12.50%, in Aland taluk, out of

15 female members there is 1 member with 6.67%, in Afzalpur taluk out of


General 6 66.67 4 50.00



OBC 1 11.11 2 25.00

Total 9 100.00 8 100.00

218

01020304050607080


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Gulbarga Taluk

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Aland Taluk

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Afzalpur Taluk

219

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Jewargi Taluk

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Chincholi Taluk

01020304050607080


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Sedam Taluk

220

01020304050607080


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Chittapur Taluk

Figure No. 5.19: Discuss the caste and gender wise distribution of taluk panchayat members in Gulbarga, Aland, Afzalpur, Jewargi, Chincholi,

Sedam and Chittapur taluks.

10 members there is 1 member with 0.11%, in Jewargi taluk panchayat, out of

11 member there is only one member with 9.09%, in Chittapur taluk out of

8 members, 1 member with 12.50% in Sedam taluk, out of 10 members,

1 member with 10% in district taluk, out of 12 members 1 member with 8.33%

are belonging to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that there is no political

participation of male belonging to scheduled tribes in the institution of taluk

panchayats and there is nominal participation of female in the institutions of

taluk panchayats in Gulbarga taluk. The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.19.

221

Table No. 5.39: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Gulbarga District

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of zilla panchayat of Gulbarga taluk, 2011.

05

1015202530354045


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.20: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Gulbarga District


General 3 37.5 4 44.44



OBC 2 2.5 3 33.33

Total 8 100 9 100.00

222


panchayat member in Gulbarga district.

It is observed from the table that out of the total 8 male members and

9 female members there is no representation of members belonging to

scheduled tribes in the institutions of zilla panchayat of Gulbarga district.

The over all observation of the table is that in the working of zilla

panchayat of Gulbarga district there is no political participation of scheduled

tribes.


223

Table No. 5.40: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Yadgir Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Yadgir taluk, 2010.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.21: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Yadgir Taluk


General 125 33.97 81 29.14



OBC 128 34.78 86 30.94

Total 368 100.00 278 100.00

224


gram panchayat member in Yadgir taluk.

It is observed from the table that out of the total 368 male members,

19 members with 5.16% are belonging to scheduled tribes. And out of

278 females members 44 with 15.83% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that in the institutions of gram

panchayat in Yadgiri taluk there exists less number of male participation and

just 15% of female participation belonging to scheduled tribes.


225

Table No. 5.41: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Shorapur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Shorapur taluk, 2010.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.22: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Shorapur Taluk


General 128 28.44 85 28.05



OBC 157 34.89 94 31.02

Total 450 100.00 303 100.00

226


gram panchayat members in Shorapur taluk.

The table reveals that there are 450 and 303 male and female gram

panchayat in Shorapur taluk. Out of the total 450 male members, the third

highest number i.e., 78 with 17.33% are belonging to scheduled tribes and out

of the total 303 female members 63 members with 20.79% are belonging to

scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that there exists the political

participation of scheduled tribes in the institutions of gram panchayats in

Shorapur taluk of Yadgir district.


227

Table No. 5.42: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Shahapur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Shahapur taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.23: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Shahapur Taluk


General 118 32.07 80 29.86



OBC 130 35.32 81 30.22

Total 368 100.00 268 100.00

228


gram panchayat members in Shahapur taluk.

The table shows that there are 368 males members and 268 female

members belonging to gram panchayats in Shahapur taluk of Yadgir district.

Out of the total 368 male members, 29 with 7.88% are belonging to scheduled

tribes and out of the total 268 female members 41 with 15.29% are belonging

to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that in the institutions of Gram

panchayat in Shorapur taluk, there exists less than 8% of male participation

and 15% of female participation belonging to scheduled tribes.


229

Table No. 5.43: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Yadgir Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Yadgir taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.44: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Shahapur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Shahapur taluk, 2011.

Table No. 5.45: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Shorapur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Shorapur taluk, 2011.


General 6 50.00 7 50.00



OBC 2 16.67 2 14.29

Total 12 100.00 14 100.00


General 6 50 7 53.85



OBC 2 16.67 2 15.38

Total 12 100 13 100


General 7 50.00 8 50.00



OBC 1 7.14 2 12.50

Total 14 100.00 16 100.00

230

0 10 20 30 40 50

General

Scheduled Tribe(ST)

Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Yadgir Taluk

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

General

Scheduled Tribe(ST)

Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Shahapur Taluk

0 10 20 30 40 50

General

Scheduled Tribe(ST)

Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Shorapur Taluk

Graph No. 5.24: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Yadgir, Shahapur and Shorapur Taluk

231

Table No. 5.43, 5.44 and 5.45 discusses the caste and gender wise

distribution of taluk panchayat members in the participation of taluk

panchayats of Yadgir district.

The above table shows that there are 12 male taluk panchayat members

in Yadgir taluk panchayat and 14 male taluk panchayat members in Shorapur

taluk panchayat and 12 male taluk panchayat members in Shahapur taluk.

It is observed from the table that in Yadgir taluk panchayat, there is 1 member

with 8.33%, in Yadgir taluk panchayat, there are 3 members with 21.43% and

in Shorapur taluk panchayat, and in Shahapur taluk panchayat there is

1 member with 8.33% belonging to scheduled tribes.

The female participation of scheduled tribes in the institution of

taluk panchayat, reveals that there are 14 members in total in Yadgir taluk

panchayat, 16 members in Shorapur taluk panchayat and 13 members in

Shahapur taluk panchayat belonging to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the tables is that there exists less number

of political participation of male from scheduled tribes and nominal

participation of female scheduled tribes in the working of taluk panchayat in

Yadgir district.


232

Table No. 5.46: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Yadgir District

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of zilla panchayat of Yadgir taluk, 2011.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

General

ScheduledTribe(ST)

Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.25: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Yadgir District


General 5 55.56 6 46.15



OBC 1 11.11 2 15.39

Total 9 100.00 13 100.00

233


panchayat member in Yadgir taluk.

It is observed from the table that there are 9 male and 13 female zilla

panchayat members in Yadgir zilla panchayat.

It is identified from the table that out of the total 9 male members there

is only 1 member with 11.11% and out of the total 13 female members there

are 2 members with 15.38% belonging to scheduled tribes in the institution of

zilla panchayat in Yadgir district.


panchayat institutions in Yadgir district, there exists nominal male

representation and 15% of female participation of scheduled tribes in Yadgir

zilla panchayat.


234

Table No. 5.47: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Bidar Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Bidar taluk, 2010. Table No. 5.48: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Basavkalyan Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Basavkalyan taluk, 2010.

Table No. 5.49: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Bhalki Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Bhalki taluk, 2010.


General 112 31.90 71 30.08



OBC 123 35.05 74 31.36

Total 351 100.00 236 100.00


General 96 26.15 63 24.70



OBC 127 34.60 80 31.38

Total 367 100.00 255 100.00


General 123 37.04 78 32.77



OBC 117 35.25 72 30.26

Total 332 100.00 239 100.00

235

Table No. 5.50: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Aurad Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Aurad taluk, 2010. Table No. 5.51: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Humanbad Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Humanabad taluk, 2010.


General 104 30.86 78 30.47



OBC 123 36.50 76 29.68

Total 337 100.00 256 100.00


General 93 26.05 64 26.44



OBC 124 34.74 77 31.82

Total 357 100.00 242 26.44

236

05

10152025303540


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Bidar Taluk

05

10152025303540


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Basavkalyan Taluk

05

10152025303540


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Bhalki Taluk

237

05

10152025303540


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Aurad Taluk

05

10152025303540


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Humanbad Taluk

Graph – 5.26: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Bidar, Basavkalyan, Bhalki, Aurad and Humanbad Taluk

238

Table No. 5.47, 5.48, 5.49, 5.50 and 5.51 discuss the caste and gender

wise distribution of gram panchayat member in Bidar taluk.

In Bidar taluk, there are 351 male and 236 female gram panchayat members. It

is observed from the table that from male there are 53 members with 15.09% and from

female there are 44 members with 18.65% belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Basavakalyan taluk, there are 367 male and 255 female members

working in gram panchayats. It is observed from the table that out of the total 367

(Male) members, there are 65 members with 17.72% and from female out of the

total (255), 53 members with 20.78% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Bhalki taluk, there are 332 male and 238 female gram panchayat

members. It is observed from the table that from male out of the total there

are 20 members with 6.03% and from female out of the total, there are

36 members with 15.12% belonging to scheduled tribes.

It is observed from the table that in Aurad taluk there 337 male

members and 256 male gram panchayat members. Out of the total male

members, there are 17 members with 5.04% and from females out of the total

(256) 38 members with 14.85% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Humanabad taluk there are 357 male and 247 female gram

panchayat members. The table showing that out of the total from male there

are 61 members with 17.08% and from females there are 47 members with

19.42% belonging to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the tables are that in Bidar district there

exists average participation of male and female in the working of gram

panchayats belonging to scheduled tribes. It is depicted in Graph No. 5.26.

239

Table No. 5.52: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Bidar Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Bidar taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.53: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Aurad Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Aurad taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.54: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Humnabad Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Humanabad taluk, 2011.


General 6 54.54 6 50



OBC 1 9.09 2 16.66

Total 11 100.00 12 100.00


General 6 54.54 6 50



OBC 1 9.09 2 16.66

Total 11 100.00 12 100.00


General 6 54.54 6 46.15



OBC 1 54.54 6 46.15

Total 11 100.00 13 100.00

240

Table No. 5.55: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Bhalki Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Bhalki taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.56: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Basavakalyan Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Basavakalyan taluk, 2011.


General 6 54.54 6 50



OBC 2 18.18 2 16.66

Total 11 100.00 12 100.00


General 6 54.54 7 50



OBC 1 9.09 1 7.14

Total 11 100.00 14 100.00

241

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Bidar

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Aurad

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Humnabad

242

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Bhalki

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Basavakalyan

Graph No. 5.27: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Bidar, Aurad, Humnabad, Bhalki and Basavakalyan Taluk

Table No. 5.52, 5.53, 5.54, 5.55 and 5.56 discusses the caste and gender

wise distribution of taluk panchayat members in the institutions of taluk

panchayats in Bidar district.

It is observed from the above tables that there are 11 males members in

Bidar taluk panchayat, 12 male members in Aurad taluk panchayat,

9 male members in Humnabad taluk panchayat, 11 male members in Bhalki

taluk panchayat and 10 male members in Basavakalyan taluk panchayat of

243

Bidar district. Out of total in Bidar taluk 2 members with 18.18%, 1 member

with 8.33% in Aurad taluk, 2 members with 22.22% in Humnabad taluk,

1 member with 9.09% in Bhalki taluk and 1 member with 10.00% in

Basavakalyan taluk belonging to scheduled tribe male members.

The female distribution of taluk panchayat members in Bidar district

reveals that out of the total, 2 members with 16.67% in Bidar taluk,

1 member with 10.00% in Aurad taluk, 3 members with 18.75% in Humnabad

taluk and 1 member with 8.33% in Bhalki taluk and 4 members with 26.67% in

Basavakalyan taluk are belonging to female representation from scheduled

tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that in the working of taluk

panchayat institutions in Bidar district, there exists nominal representation of

male and partial participation female.


244

Table No. 5.57: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Bidar District

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of zilla panchayat of Bidar district, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.28: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Bidar District


General 8 57.15 8 47.06



OBC 1 7.15 2 11.76

Total 14 100.00 17 100.00

245


panchayat members in Bidar district.

It is observed from the table that there are 14 male and 17 female zilla

panchayat members in Bidar zilla panchayat.

It is identified from the table that out of the total 14 male members,

there are only 2 members with 14.28% and out of the total 17 female members,

there are 3 members with 17.65% belonging to scheduled tribes in the

institution of zilla panchayat in Bidar district.

The over all observation of the table is that in the working of

zilla panchayat institutions in Bidar district, there exists nominal male

representation and around 18% of female participation belonging to

scheduled tribes in Bidar zilla panchayat. The same is depicted in

Graph No. 5.28.

246

Table No. 5.58: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Koppal Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Koppal taluk, 2010. Table No. 5.59: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Gangavathi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Gangavathi taluk, 2010. Table No. 5.60: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Kushtagi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Kushtagi taluk, 2010.


General 158 40.20 95 25.75



OBC 138 35.11 185 50.14

Total 393 100.00 369 100.00


General 163 33.47 101 32.06



OBC 167 34.29 100 31.75

Total 487 100.00 315 100.00


General 139 41.74 84 63.68



OBC 118 35.44 67 29.26

Total 333 100.00 229 100.00

247

Table No. 5.61: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Yellburga Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Yellburga taluk, 2010.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Koppal

05

10152025303540


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Gangavathi


General 145 42.27 89 37.39



OBC 122 35.57 71 29.83

Total 343 100.00 238 100.00

248

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Kushtagi

05

1015202530354045


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Yellburga

Graph No. 5.29: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat

Members in Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi and Yellburga Taluk

Table No. 5.58, 5.59, 5.60 and 5.61 discusses the caste and gender wise

distribution of gram panchayat members in Koppal district.

In Koppal taluk the total male gram panchayat members are 393, and

female gram panchayat members are 369. Among the total 393 of male

members, 29 with 7.38% are belonging to scheduled tribes and out of the total

369 female members, 38 members with 10.30% are belonging to scheduled

tribe.

249

It is observed from the table that there are 487 male gram panchayat

members in Gangavati taluk. Among the total 487 male members, 75 with

15.40% are belonging to scheduled tribes. Among the total female members

315, there are 56 members with 17.78% belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Kustagi taluk, there are 333 and 229 male and female gram

panchayat members respectively. Out of the total 333 male members there are

only 28 members with 8.41% and out of the total 229 female members,

39 with 17.03% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Yelburga taluk, there are 343 male gram panchayat members and

238 female gram panchayat members. Out of the total 343, 28 members with

8.16% are male gram panchayat members and out of the total 238, 39 with

16.39% are female gram panchayat members belonging to scheduled tribes.

The findings of the tables are that there exists less number of political

participation of both male and female belonging to scheduled tribes in the

institutions of gram panchayat in Koppal district.


250

Table No. 5.62: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Koppal Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Koppal taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.63: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Gangvathi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Gangavathi taluk, 2011.

Table No. 5.64: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Kushtagi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Kushtagi taluk, 2011.


General 6 50.00 7 50.00



OBC 3 25.00 3 21.43

Total 12 100.00 14 100.00


General 8 53.33 8 47.06



OBC 2 13.33 3 17.65

Total 15 100.00 17 100.00


General 5 55.56 6 46.15



OBC 2 22.22 3 23.08

Total 9 100.00 13 100.00

251

Table No. 5.65: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Yellburga Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Yellburga taluk, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Koppal

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Gangavathi


General 6 60.00 6 46.15



OBC 2 20.00 3 23.08

Total 10 100.00 13 100.00

252

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Kushtagi

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Yellburga

Graph No. 5.30: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat

Members in Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi and Yellburga Taluk Table No. 5.62, 5.63, 5.64 and 5.65 discusses the caste and gender wise

distribution of taluk panchayat members in the institution of taluk panchayat

in Koppal district.

It is observed from the table that in Gangavathi taluk, out of 15 male

members, there are only 2 members with 13.33% in Koppal taluk, out of

12 male members there is only 1 member with 8.33% belonging to scheduled

tribes. In Kustagi taluk, out of the total 9 male members there are 1 member

253

with 11.11%, out of 10 male members, there is only 1 member belonging to

scheduled tribes in Yellburga taluk panchayat.

As per as concerning of female representation, out of 17 female

members there are 3 members with 17.65% belonging to scheduled tribes in

Gangavathi taluk panchayat, in Koppal taluk panchayat, out of the total

14 female members, there is 1 member with 7.14% belonging to scheduled

tribes. In Kustagi taluk, out of the total 13 female members there are only

2 members with 15.38% belonging to scheduled tribes. In Yelburga taluk

panchayat out of the total 13 female members there are only 2 members with


The over all observation of the table is that in the institutions of taluk

panchayat in Koppal district there exists less number of political participation

of male members belonging to scheduled tribes and positive participation of

female belong to scheduled tribes.


254

Table No. 5.66: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Koppal District

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of zilla panchayat of Koppal district, 2011.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.31: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Koppal District


General 7 53.85 7 50.00



OBC 3 23.08 3 21.43

Total 13 100.00 14 100.00

255

It is observed from the above table that there are 13 male and

14 female zilla panchayat members in Koppal zilla panchayat. Among the

male members, out of the total (13) there is only 1 member with

7.69% belonging to scheduled tribe. As per as concerning of female members

out of the total (14), there are 2 members with 14.29% belonging to scheduled

tribes.

The overall observation of the table is that in the working of zilla

panchayat in Koppal district, there exists nominal participation of male and

meagre participation of female belonging to scheduled tribes.


256

Table No. 5.67: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Bellary Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Bellary taluk, 2011.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.32: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Bellary Taluk


General 115 24.06 75 23.89



OBC 165 34.52 99 31.53

Total 478 100.00 314 100.00

257

Table No. 5.67. Caste and gender wise distribution of gram panchayat

member in Bellary taluk.

It is observed from the table that there are 478 and 314 male and female

gram panchayat members in Bellary taluk. Out the total among the male

members, 113 with 23.64% members are belonging to scheduled tribes. As per

as concerning of female members out of the total 80 with 25.48% are


The over all observation of the table is that there is more political

participation of male and female belonging to scheduled tribes in the working

of gram panchayat in Bellary taluk.


258

Table No. 5.68: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Kudilegi Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Kudilegi taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.33: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Kudilegi Taluk


General 61 17.84 41 15.95



OBC 111 32.46 76 29.57

Total 342 100.00 257 100.00

259


gram panchayat member in Kudilegi taluk.

The table shows that there are 342 male and 257 female gram

panchayat members in the institutions of gram panchayat in Kudilegi taluk. It

is observed from the table that among the male members, there are

100 members with 29.24% belonging to scheduled tribes. As per as concerning

of female members, out of the total, 91 with 35.41% are belonging to

scheduled tribes.

The overall observation of the table is that in the working of gram

panchayat in Kudilegi taluk there exists more participation of male and

females belonging to scheduled tribes.


260

Table No. 5.69: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Hospet Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Hospet taluk, 2010.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.34: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Hospet Taluk


General 54 22.98 30 19.61



OBC 76 32.34 50 32.68

Total 235 100.00 153 100.00

261


gram panchayat member in Hospet taluk.

The table shows that there are 235 male and 153 female gram

panchayat members in the working of the institutions of gram panchayats in

Hospet taluk. The table reveals that out of the total 235 (male), there are

46 members with 18.57% belonging to scheduled tribes. As per as concerning

of female, out of the total 153, 31 members with 20.26% belonging to

scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the table is that in the working of gram

panchayat in Hospet taluk there exists more participation of scheduled tribes

both male and female.


262

Table No. 5.70: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Huvinhadigele Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Huvinhadigele taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.35: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Huvinhadigele Taluk


General 72 33.49 47 30.32



OBC 79 36.74 45 29.03

Total 215 100.00 155 100.00

263


gram panchayat member in Huvinhadigele taluk.

The table reveals that in total there are 215 and 155 male and female

gram panchayat members respectively in Huvinhadigele taluk. Among the

male members out of the total, there are 12 members with 5.58% belonging to

scheduled tribes. As per as concerning of female, out of the total 155, there are



panchayat in Huvinhadigele taluk there exist lower participation of male and

normal participation of female belonging to scheduled tribes.


264

Table No. 5.71: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Hagarabommanhalli Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Hagarabommanhalli taluk, 2010.

05

10152025303540


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.36: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Hagarabommanhalli Taluk


General 81 35.37 47 31.54



OBC 77 33.62 47 31.54

Total 229 100.00 149 100.00

265


gram panchayat members in Hagarabommanhalli taluk.

The table shows that there are 229 male and 149 female members in the

institutions of gram panchayat in Hagarabommanhalli taluk. Among the male

members, there are 28 members with 12.23% belonging to scheduled tribes.

As per as concern of females, out of the total there are 23 members with



panchayat institution in Hagarabommanhalli taluk there exists less

participation of male members and average participation of female members.


266

Table No. 5.72: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sandur Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Sandur taluk, 2010.

0

5

1015

2025

3035


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.37: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sandur Taluk


General 50 19.92 36 20.93



OBC 86 34.26 53 30.81

Total 251 100.00 172 100.00

267

The table reveals that there are 251 male and 172 female members in

the working of gram panchayats in Sandur taluk. Out of the total from male

members, 41 members with 16.33% belonging to scheduled tribes. As per as

concerning of female members, out of total 32 members with 18.60%



panchayats in Sandur taluk there exists positive participation of scheduled

tribes.


268

Table No. 5.73: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sirguppa Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Sirguppa taluk, 2010.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male Female

Graph No. 5.38: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Gram Panchayat Members in Sirguppa Taluk


General 75 28.52 45 26.32



OBC 88 33.46 54 31.58

Total 263 100.00 171 100.00

269


gram panchayat member in Sirguppa taluk.

The table reveals that there are 263 male and 171 female members in

the institutions of gram panchayat in Sirguppa taluk. Among the male

members, out of the total, 49 members with 18.63% are belonging to

scheduled tribes. As per as concern of female members, out of the total,

35 members with 20.47% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

The overall observation of the table is that in the working of gram

panchayats in Sirguppa taluk there exists relatively more participation of

male members and normal participation of female members belonging to

scheduled tribes.

The same is depicted in Graph No. 5.38

270

Table No. 5.74: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Bellary Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Bellary taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.75: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Hagarabommanhalli Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Hagarabommanhalli taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.76: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Huvinhadgile Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Huvinhadgile taluk, 2011.


General 8 53.33 8 50.00



OBC 1 6.67 1 6.25

Total 15 100.00 16 100.00


General 4 66.67 4 44.44



OBC 0 0.00 2 22.22

Total 6 100.00 9 100.00


General 4 57.14 4 66.67



OBC 1 14.29 1 16.67

Total 7 100.00 6 100.00

271

Table No. 5.77: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Kudilige Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Kudilige taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.78: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Sandoor Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Sandoor taluk, 2011. Table No. 5.79: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Hospet Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Hospet taluk, 2011.


General 5 50 6 46.15



OBC 0 0 0 0.00

Total 10 100 13 100.00


General 4 44.44 5 50.00



OBC 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total 9 100.00 10 100.00


General 4 57.14 4 44.44



OBC 0 0.00 1 11.11

Total 7 100.00 9 100.00

272

Table No. 5.80: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat Members in Siraguppa Taluk

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of taluk panchayat of Siraguppa taluk, 2011.

Table No. 5.74, 5.75, 5.76, 5.77, 5.78, 5.79 and 5.80 discuss the caste and

gender wise distribution of taluk panchayat members in Bellary district.

It is observed from the tables that there are 15 male members and

16 female members in the institution of taluk panchayat in Bellary taluk. Out

of the total 15 (male) there are 3 members with 20.00% and out of 16 (female)

members there are 4 members with 25.00% belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Hagarabommanhalli taluk, there are 6 male and 9 female members

in the institutions of taluk panchayats. It is observed from the table that

among the male, out of the total (6) there is only 1 member with 16.67% and

among the female, out of the total (9) 1 member with 11.11% belonging to

scheduled tribes.

In Huvinahadgail taluk there are 7 male and 6 female members

working in taluk panchayat. It is observed from the table that among the male

members, out of the total, there is no representation of male member and

1 member with 16.67% from female belonging to scheduled tribes is working

in taluk panchayat.


General 4 57.14 5 50

Scheduled Tribe (ST) 1 14.29 2 20


OBC 1 14.28 1 10

Total 7 100 10 100

273

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Bellary

01020304050607080


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Hagarabommanhalli

01020304050607080


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Huvinhadgile

274

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Kudilige

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Sandoor

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Hospet

275

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Scheduled Caste(SC)

OBC

Male Female

Siraguppa

Graph No. 5.39: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Taluk Panchayat

Members in Bellary, Hagarabommanhalli Huvinhadgile Kudilige Sandoor Hospet Siraguppa Taluk

In Kustigi taluk there are 10 male and 13 female members working in

taluk panchayat. It is observed from the table that among the total from male,

there are 3 members with 30% and from female out of the total,

there are 4 members with 30.77% belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Sandur taluk, in total there are 9 male and 10 female members in the

institutions of taluk panchayat. It is observed from the table that among the

male members, out of the total (9) there are 2 members with 22.22% and from

female members, out of the total 10 members, 3 members with 30.00% are


In Hospet taluk, there are 7 male and 9 female taluk panchayat

members. The table shows that out of the total from male members, there are

1 member with 14.29% and from female, out of 9 members, there are


276

In Siraguppa taluk, there are 7 male and 10 female members in the

institutions of taluk panchayat. The table shows that out of the total among

the male members there is 1 member with 14.29% and from female out of the

total, 2 members with 20% are belonging to scheduled tribes.

The over all observation of the tables are that in the working of taluk

panchayats in Bellary taluk there exists medium participation of both male

and female belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Hagarabommanhalli taluk panchayat, there exists no participation

of male members and minimum participation female members belonging to

scheduled tribe.

In Huvinahadgail taluk panchayat there exists no participation of male

members and minimum participation of female members belonging to

scheduled tribes.

In Kudligi taluk panchayats there exists more participation of male and

female belonging to scheduled tribe.

In Sandur taluk panchayat, there exists more participation of male and

female participation of members belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Hospet taluk panchayat there exists an average participation of male

and female members belonging to scheduled tribes.

In Siraguppa taluk panchayat there exists less participation male and

meager participation female members belonging to scheduled tribes.


277

Table No. 5.81: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Bellary District

Source: Compiled from the data collected from the documents of zilla panchayat of Bellary district, 2010.


ScheduledCaste (SC)

OBC

Male

Female

Graph No. 5.40: Caste and Gender Wise Distribution of Zilla Panchayat Members in Bellary District


General 9 52.94 8 40.00



OBC 1 5.88 2 10.00

Total 17 100.00 20 100.00

278


panchayat members in Bellary district.

It is observed from the table that among the male members there are

4 with 23.53% and from female members, 4 with 20.00% are belonging to

scheduled tribes.


panchayat in Bellary district, there exists more participation of scheduled

tribes.


279

CONCLUSION:

The profile of Hyderabad Karnataka Region reveals that the region is

situated in the northern part of Karnataka state. The climate is mostly semi

arid the region is spread between three river basins of south India i.e.,

Tungabadra, Krishna and Godavari. The region has good mineral resource

bases. Agriculture is the main stay of the population. However, due to heavy

dependency on rain, subdivision and fragmentation of agricultural land and

lack of diversification in the cropping pattern have hampered the agriculture

development. Though the region has been endowed with valuable natural

resources, such as gold, manganese, iron ore lime stone etc., their exploitation

is not up to the mark due to poor industrial base. On the contrary the region

has good potential for the development of agro-based industries so these

industries are to be developed from the point of view of providing

employment opportunities to the masses of the region. The infrastructure

facilities have also not been developed properly. Thus, the region has all the

characters of an underdeveloped area.

280

REFERENCES:

1. Brijbhasi (2001). “The World Atlas Book” Published by Brijbhasi Books

and Printers, Mathura, p. 44.

2. Government of Karnataka Gazetteer (2001). “A Hand Book of

Karnataka”. Bangalore, p. 16.

3. Ibid, p. 6.

4. Directorate of economic and statistics 2004 – 05.

5. Final Report, High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional

Imbalances, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, 2002, pp. 299 – 300.

6. Government of India, Census of India 1991 and 2001, Karnataka series

7. Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,

Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance, 1991 and 2001.

8. Government of Karnataka, Human Development in Karnataka Report,

1999.

9. Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore,

Karnataka at a glance, 1990-91 and 2000-01.

10. Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore,

Karnataka at a glance 1990-91 and 2000-01. PHC – Public Health

Centres

11. Govt. of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore

Karnataka at a glance 1990–91 and 2004–05.

12. Statistical abstract of Karnataka 1993-94 and 2004-05, Directorate of

Economics and Statistics, Bangalore

Chapter – V Profile of Hyderabad Karnataka...

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