Chapter 9: The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam
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Chapter 9: The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam. The Sasanid Empire (224-632). Sasanid Empire established in 224 and controlled Persia and Mesopotamia. Zoroastrianism – official religion. Religion began to replace citizenship, language, and ethnicity as a person’s link to a group. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Chapter 9: The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9:
The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Sasanid Empire (224-632)
Sasanid Empire established in 224 and controlled Persia and Mesopotamia.
Zoroastrianism – official religion. Religion began to replace citizenship,
language, and ethnicity as a person’s link to a group.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World Muhammad and His Message
Muhammad’s Early Life Born in Mecca. Entered caravan business.
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World Muhammad and His Message
Muhammad’s Early Life Muhammad’s Spiritual Transformation
Received revelations from Allah around 610 AD.
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World Muhammad and His Message
Muhammad’s Early Life Muhammad’s Spiritual Transformation The Quran
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Conflict at Mecca
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World Muhammad’s Migration to Medina (Yathrib)
Conflict at Mecca - 622 The Hijra – Flight marks the beginning of the
Islamic calendar.
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Conflict at Mecca The Hijra The Umma – single group formed to recognize
Muhammad as the “Messenger of God” and the core organization of the Islamic state.
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World Muhammad’s Migration to Medina
Conflict at Mecca The Hijra The Umma The “Seal of the Prophets”
Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad. “People of the book”
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca The Five Pillars of Islam
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca The Five Pillars of Islam
Profession of faith - Allah as God
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca The Five Pillars of Islam
Profession of faith - Allah as God Daily Prayer – 5 times a day.
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca The Five Pillars of Islam
Allah as God Daily Prayer Fasting during Ramadan
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca The Five Pillars of Islam
Allah as God Daily Prayer Fasting during Ramadan Alms for the weak and poor
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca The Five Pillars of Islam
Allah as God Daily Prayer Fasting during Ramadan Alms for the weak and poor Pilgrimage to Mecca - Hajj
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A Prophet and His World The Establishment of Islam in Arabia
Muhammad’s Return to Mecca The Five Pillars of Islam Islamic Law: The Sharia
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliphate 632-1258
The Expansion of Islam, 632-733 C.E.
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph The Expansion
of Islam
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam, 632-733 C.E.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Division of Islamic Followers Mohammad’s death in 632 caused a problem
with succession. Caliph or leader appointed as a spiritual and
political leader to continue the faith. Abu Bakr (632-634) united Bedouin tribes to protect
the new religion against outside threats.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9:The Rise of Islam
Sunni – Muslims that believe that any Muslim that is a true follower of the faith can be both the political and spiritual leader of Islam. Approximately 80-90% of all Muslims.
Shi’a (Shi’ite) – Muslims that believe that the true leader of the faith must be a direct descendent of Ali.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph The Expansion
of Islam
- Jihad
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
The Expansion of Islam, 632-733 C.E.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph The Expansion
of Islam The Umayyad
Dynasty- 661-750
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph The Expansion of Islam The Umayyad Dynasty Policy Toward Conquered Peoples
Allowed religious freedom. Non-Muslims paid a special tax.
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
The Caliph The Expansion of Islam The Shia The Umayyad Dynasty Policy Toward Conquered Peoples Umayyad Decline
Decadent living by leaders. Resentment from conquered peoples.
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Abbasid Dynasty
750-1258 Abu al-Abbas
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas The Abbasid Dynasty
Chapter 9:The Expansion of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas The Abbasid Dynasty Abbasid Administration
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Agricultural Village, ca 1200 C.E.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas The Abbasid Dynasty Abbasid Administration
Used Persian model of bureaucratic rule. Central authority in Baghdad Used judges and religious leaders to set moral
standards in each community.
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Expansion of Islam The Abbasid Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas The Abbasid Dynasty Abbasid Administration Abbasid Decline
Civil wars and provincial governors taking more authority than central ruler.
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and
Urban Growth The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and
Urban Growth The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops Effects of New Crops
Increase in food supplies Cotton – increased textile production
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and
Urban Growth The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops Effects of New Crops Agricultural Experimentation
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and
Urban Growth The Spread of Food and Industrial Crops Effects of New Crops Agricultural Experimentation Urban Growth
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading
Zone Overland Trade
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading
Zone Overland Trade Camels and Caravans
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading
Zone Overland Trade Camels and Caravans Maritime Trade
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Slave Market, ca 1200 C.E.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading
Zone Overland Trade Camels and Caravans Maritime Trade Banks
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading
Zone Overland Trade Camels and Caravans Maritime Trade Banks The Organization of Trade
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Formation of a Hemispheric Trading
Zone Overland Trade Camels and Caravans Maritime Trade Banks The Organization of Trade
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Changing Status of Women
The Quran and Women Harem Seclusion of women from men Women could own property; testify in court Women played an indirect role in Muslim society
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World The Changing Status of Women
The Quran and Women Veiling of Women
Strong patriarchal societies. Veiling present before Islam. Persian custom adopted by Muslims as the religion spread.
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values Establishment of religious schools – madraras Ulama (religious scholars), qadis (Islamic judges),
and missionaries spread the religion.
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values Sufis
Religious mystics
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values Sufis Sufi Missionaries
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition
Promotion of Islamic Values Sufis Sufi Missionaries Hajj
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia,
India, and Greece Persian Influences on Islam
Political organization. Language – (Arabic)
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia,
India, and Greece Persian Influences on Islam Indian Influences on Islam
Hindu numerals.
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia,
India, and Greece Persian Influences on Islam Indian Influences on Islam Greek Influences on Islam
Science Philosophical writings Medical writings and research
Chapter 9:The Expansive Realm of Islam
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9:Rise of Islam
Contributions: Astrology Medicine (Infectious diseases, hospital
organizations, value of cauterization, and cleanliness)
Optics and chemistry – Alchemy Commerce Industry
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9:Islamic Art
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9:Islamic Architecture
