Chapter 9 The Hydrosphere Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation, 9/e Animation Edition...
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Transcript of Chapter 9 The Hydrosphere Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation, 9/e Animation Edition...
![Page 1: Chapter 9 The Hydrosphere Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation, 9/e Animation Edition Victoria Alapo, Instructor Geog 1150.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d645503460f94a46e17/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9 The Hydrosphere
Physical GeographyA Landscape Appreciation, 9/e
Animation Edition
Victoria Alapo, InstructorGeog 1150
![Page 2: Chapter 9 The Hydrosphere Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation, 9/e Animation Edition Victoria Alapo, Instructor Geog 1150.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d645503460f94a46e17/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Hydrosphere
The Hydrologic Cycle
The Oceans
Permanent Ice
Surface Waters
Underground Water
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The Hydrologic Cycle
Earth Moisture Inventory (next slide)
Movement of WaterSurface to Air
Air to Surface
On and Beneath Surface
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Earth Moisture Inventory
Oceans: 97.2% Underground water: 0.5%
Glaciers: 2.0% Surface Water: 0.25% (Rivers / streams, only: 0.0001%)
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The Hydrologic Cycle
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Moisture BalanceOceans Versus Continents
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The OceansOceans and Seas
Seas, gulf and bays are landlocked or partially landlocked smaller bodies of water (see map & table, pg 264).See next slides for various oceans & seas.Pacific Ocean houses some of the world’s disastrous storms Pacific Ring of Fire (pg 425 & 430).
Characteristics of Ocean Waters (next slides)Movement of Ocean Waters
Tides – pg 269. Vertical movement of oceans caused by gravitational pull of the moon (know this).Currents – due to wind flow and Coriolis effect (pg 95)Waves – mostly shapes (pg 590)
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Oceans and Seas
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Four oceans
Characteristics of Ocean Waters
Chemical composition – 3.5% salt, by weight!Temperature – colder with depth, freezing point is 28 degrees.Density – denser with depth (more pressure)
Fig. 9-5
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Permanent IceGlaciers – 2% of water storage (also see interesting info on pg 271).
Oceanic Ice Forms
Permafrost Glaciers
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Oceanic Ice Forms
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Earth’s Largest Ice
Pack
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Extent of Permafrost
Permafrost –
Permanently frozen water in subsoil
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Surface WatersLakes – opposite of islands. Some formed by glaciers, others by tectonic forces. No size limit; very small lakes are ‘ponds’. Most are freshwater. See next slide and pg 275-277.
Swamps and Marshes
Rivers and Streams – interchangeable, but a stream is smaller.
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World’s Largest Lakes
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Human Alteration of Natural Lakes
Fig. 9-C. Aral Sea is shrinking due to dam construction and diversion of water for irrigation of agricultural land.
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Aral Sea
Fig. 9-18, pg 277
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Swamps and Marshes
• Fig. 9-20.
Swamps have trees
Marshes have grasses and rushes
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Major Drainage Basins
A drainage basin is all the land drained by a river and its tributaries, i.e. where all its water comes from.
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Rivers and Streams
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Underground WaterAquifers and Aquicludes (next slide)
Zone of SaturationWater Table – top of saturation zone (next slide)
Cone of Depression (next slides)
Zone of Confined Water – confined water btw 2 aquicludes (see Artesian Well slide)
Artesian Systems
The Ogallala Aquifer
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Aquifers and Aquicludes
Aquifers are permeable rock that holds water e.g. sandstone.
Aquicludes are impermeable materials which hinder water movement e.g. clay
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Cone of Depression
This is when water level drops in a well, in the shape of a ‘cone’, because water is being taken up faster than can flow in to replace it.
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Artesian Well
When a well is dug and the pressure is so high that the water rises to the surface. It “pumps itself”. Pg 283.
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Artesian System
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The Ogallala Aquifer
Found in the Great Plains (Midwest U.S.). Allows farmers to irrigate, but it’s being endangered.