Chapter 9 The Human Population
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Transcript of Chapter 9 The Human Population
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Chapter 9The Human PopulationMr. ManskopfNotes also at http://www.manskopf.com
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Chapter 9 Big IdeaThe size and growth rate of human population has changed drastically over the last 200 years. Those changes have led to profound changes to almost every place on Earth.
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Section 1: Studying Human PopulationsDescribe how the size and growth rate for human population has changed over historyWhat factors lead to population changesAnalyze populations using Age Structure DiagramsTerms: Demography, Age Structure, Survivorship, Fertility, Migration, Life Expectancy
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Describe what you see on this graphHow long did it take to get to 1 billion, than 2, 3,4,5,6How many people are living today?
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Why do you think it took off around the late 1880s?
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Studying Human PopulationsDemography: the study of human populationHow many people live where?How long are you expected to live?How many children are you likely to have.
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Exponential GrowthExponential Growth: rapid growth often seen as J-Shaped curve on a graphCan that growth continue?
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Forecasting Population SizeWill new schools be needed?Should we be building more housing?Should farming practices be improved?Predictions like this often wrong because human behavior changes
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Forecasting Population SizeAge Structure: the distribution of ages in a populationAge Structure Diagrams aka population pyramidsWhat is useful about these diagrams?
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What are these age-structure diagrams showing?What are the reproductive years Why is that important in forecasting future population growth?
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Which type of countries are going to see most of the population growth?Which type of countries do people live longer lives? Survivorship: percent of population likely to survive a given age
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What causes population to rise?Population Changes =(births + immigration) (deaths + emigration) For world population growth we are only concerned about births and deaths.
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Fertility RatesFertility Rates: number of babies born each year per 1,000 womenTotal fertility rateReplacement rate fertility
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Fertility and WomenTwo main factors impact fertility rates worldwideEducation level of women (knowledge of family planning)Economic level of womenGenerally, on average, more education, more wealth = lower fertility rates
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What does this graph show?How has U.S. fertility rates changed?
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Migration: movement INTO (immigration) or OUT of (emigration) an areaPopulation Change = (births + immigration) (deaths + emigration) U.S. growth continues because of both births and immigration
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Death rates on the decline people living longerWhy?
Population Change = (births + immigration) (deaths + emigration) Better hygiene, sewage disposal, clean water, medicines, education, access to food, nutrition
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Life ExpectancyLife Expectancy: average number of years members of a population are expected to liveImprovement in most of worldLower INFANT MORTALITY
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Compared to our neighbors
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Major changes in U.S. over last 100+ years
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Demographic TransitionEvery Country Goes Through ItExplain what you see on this chart
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Stage 1 : High Birth AND Death rates = little population change Stage 2 : Death Rates Fall, Birth Rates Still High = Population Growth Stage 3: Death Rates Low, Birth Rates Drop = Population Growth Slows Stage 4: Death Rates Low, Birth Rate Low = Population DeclinesDESCRIBE EACH STAGE: WHAT DO YOU SEE?
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CalculationsA town currently has a population of 20 people. If 10 people are born, 8 people die, 3 immigrate and 1 emigrate, what is the population?
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CalculationsUSA currently has a population of 320,000,000 people. If 5,000,000 people are born, 2,000,000 people die, 200,000 immigrate and 50,000 emigrate, what is the population?
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Rule of 70: Doubling TimeCurrently, a city has a population 10 million. When will it reach 20 million if the population is growing at 10%?
How long will it take a population to go from 200 to 400 if it grows at 5% a year?
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Section 1 ReviewDescribe how the size and growth rate for human population has changed over historyWhat factors lead to population changesAnalyze populations using Age Structure DiagramsTerms: Demography, Age Structure, Survivorship, Fertility, Migration, Life Expectancy
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Population Age StructureFig. 10-14 p. 184
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Section 2 : Population TrendsWhat are problems associated with rapid human population growth?Compare developed and developing (lesser developed) countries.Investigate strategies for reducing population growth.Terms: arable land, urbanization, suburban sprawl, developed and developing countries.
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Problems With Rapid GrowthLack of infrastructure to support populationWater suppliesSewersRoadsSchoolsPowerplantsHospitalsHousing
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Problems With Rapid GrowthUsing up resources too quicklyWater suppliesFood Supplies, VegetationWood/fuels : wood supplies critical to life in many regions
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Problems With Rapid GrowthUnsafe water suppliesSewage mixing with water suppliesCholera, Dysentery, Typhoid 1 Billion lack clean water 3 million/yr die
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Clean Water LackingIf the millions of women who haul water long distances had a faucet by their door, whole societies could be transformed.
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Problems With Rapid GrowthLand becomes scarceArable land : land that can grow cropsTradeoffs made : agriculture, housing, natural habitats Which do you think typically wins out?
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Problems With Rapid GrowthUrbanization: movement of people from rural areas to citiesMuch of world is going throughIncreased demand on infrastructure
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Problems With GrowthIn U.S.Suburban sprawl: work in cities live in suburbsDecay of inner citiesIncreased trafficLoss of farmlandDecreased wildlife habitat
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Suburban Sprawl
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Diverse World PopulationDeveloped CountriesUS, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most of Europe. High Per Capita GDP. (1.2 billion people)
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Comparing a developed countrytoModerately DevelopedtoDeveloping (lesser developed)
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Diverse World PopulationDeveloping (lesser developed) 5.2 billion people living with very little 97% of population growth.
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Percent of WorldsDeveloping countriesDeveloped countriesPopulationPopulation growthWealth and incomeResource usePollution and waste19810.11.6851588127525
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Most fertility rates are dropping toward replacement levels
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Strategies for Controlling GrowthPublic AdvertisementsEconomic IncentivesLegal PunishmentsEmpowering WomenInvestments in Education and Family Planning
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Growth Is Slowingbut still growing
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Section 2 ReviewWhat are problems associated with rapid human population growth?Compare developed and developing (lesser developed) countries.Investigate strategies for reducing population growth.Terms: arable land, urbanization, suburban sprawl, developed and developing countries.