Chapter 10: Electronic Commerce Security Electronic Commerce, Seventh Annual Edition.
Chapter 9 Strategies for Purchasing and Support Activities Electronic Commerce.
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Transcript of Chapter 9 Strategies for Purchasing and Support Activities Electronic Commerce.
Chapter 9
Strategies for Purchasing
and Support Activities
Electronic Commerce
Objectives
Improving purchasing, logistics, and other support activities
Creating network organizations that extend beyond traditional limits
EDI, how it works, and how it is moving to the Internet
Internet improvements to supply chain management
Software packages for business-to-business e-commerce and supply chain management
Purchasing, Logistics, andSupport Activities
Purchasing activities Identifying and evaluating vendors Selecting specific products Placing orders Resolving issues after receiving the
ordered goods or services Specialized Web sites exist that offer
high levels of product knowledge
Neoforma Product Sourcing Web SiteFigure 9-1
Neoforma Product Sourcing Web Sitehttp://www.neoforma.com/corp/solutions/prods/marketplace.html
Logistic Activities
Providing the right goods in the right quantities in the right place at the right time
Managing the inbound movements of materials and supplies and the outbound movements of finished goods and services
Support Activities
Includes the general categories of Finance and administration
Making payments, processing customer payments, budgeting and planning
Human resources Hiring, training, evaluating employees, benefits
administration
Technology development Networking, published research, connecting
outside sources of R&D services
DigitalWork Small Business Support Activities PageFigure 9-2
DigitalWork Small Business Support Activities Pagehttp://www.digitalwork.com/launch.html
Electronic Data Interchange
The computer-to-computer transfer of business information between two businesses that uses a standard format
In the 1950s, companies began to use computers to store and process internal data and information
By the 1960s, companies began exchanging transaction information with each other on punched cards or magnetic tape
Electronic Data Interchange Standards
In the mid-1980s, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe built a common set of EDI standards based on a US ANSI model
In 1987, the EDI for Administration, Commerce, and Transport (EDIFACT, or UN/EDIFACT) was developed
UN/EDIFACThttp://www.unece.org/trade/untdid/welcome.htm
Commonly Used UN/EDIFACT Transaction SetsFigure 9-4
Paper-Based Purchasing Process
Paper-based purchasing process results in a paper document created at each information processing step that must be delivered to the department handling the next step
Paper-based transfers between buyer and vendor can be delivered via mail, courier, or fax
The Paper-Based Purchasing ProcessFigure 9-5
EDI Purchasing Process
Mail service is replaced with the data communications of an EDI network
Flows of paper have been replaced with computers running EDI translation software
The EDI Purchasing ProcessFigure 9-6
Value Added Networks
Trading partners can implement the EDI network and EDI translation process in several ways, each using one of two basic approaches
Direct connection Indirect connection
Direct Connection EDI vs. Indirect Connection EDIthrough a VAN
Figure 9-7
Direct Connection BetweenTrading Partners
Requires each business in the network to operate its own on-site EDI translator computer
EDI translator computers are connected to each other using modems or dedicated leased lines
Trading partners using different protocols can make direct connection options difficult to implement
Indirect Connection BetweenTrading Partners
Companies use the services of a value-added network (VAN)
The VAN provides communications equipment, software, and skills needed to receive, store, and forward electronic messages containing EDI transaction sets
The VAN often supplies the software needed to connect to its services
Advantages of Using aValue Added Network
Users support only one communications protocol
The VAN records activity in an audit log, providing an independent record of transactions
The VAN can provide translation between different transaction sets
The VAN can perform automatic compliance checks to ensure the transaction set is in the specified EDI format
Disadvantages of Using aValue Added Network
Most VANs require an enrollment fee, a monthly maintenance fee, and a transaction fee
VANs can be cumbersome and expensive for companies with trading partners using different VANs
Inter-VAN transfers do not always provide a clear audit trail
EDI on the Internet
Viewed as a replacement for expensive leased lines and dial-up connections
Small companies can get back in the game of selling to large customers the demanded EDI capabilities of their suppliers
Concerns about security and lack of audit logs continue to be a major roadblock
EDI instruction sets that provide instructions to banks are called Financial EDI (FEDI)
Many trading partners are reluctant to send FEDI transfers for large sums of money over the Internet
Companies may opt to establish an indirect connection through a VAN for the added security for FEDI transaction
Financial EDI
Supply Chain Management
Money can be saved and product quality can be improved through active negotiations with suppliers
Supply chain management is used to establish long-term relationships (supply alliances) with a small number of very capable suppliers (tier one suppliers)
Supply Chain Management
By working together, supply chain members can reduce costs and increase the value of the product or service to the ultimate customer
With clear communication along the supply chain, each participant can know the demands of the ultimate customer and plot a strategy to meet those demands
Technology in the Supply Chain
The Internet and the Web can be very effective communication enhancers
Software can allow members to review past performance, monitor current performance, and predict future production levels of products
Interesting paper on car spares: http://www.supplychain-forum.com/doc/1-automotive-EXEL.pdf
Advantages of Internet and Web Technologies in Supply Chain Management
Figure 9-9
Software for Purchasing, Logistics, and Support Activities
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is designed to integrate manufacturing, finance, distribution, and other internal business functions into one information system
Major ERP vendors include Oracle and SAP
Supply Chain Management Software
Includes demand forecasting tools and planning capabilities to allow all supply chain members to coordinate their activities and adjust their production levels
Summary
Improving purchasing, logistics, and other support activities
Creating network organizations that extend beyond traditional limits
EDI, how it works, and how it is moving to the Internet
Internet improvements to supply chain management
Software packages for business-to-business e-commerce and supply chain management