CHAPTER 9SECTION 3

SOCIETY AND CULTURE

KEY TERMS

• Astrolabe• Ibn Rushd• Ibn Sina• Ibn Khaldun• Caligraphy• Minarets • Rumi• Omar Khayyam

MUSLIM SOCIETY

• The rise of Muslim cities• Damascus was the

center of learning• Cordoba, Baghdad,

Jerusalem• Were symbols of

strength• Baghdad the most

imprressive

MUSLIM SOCIETY

• Islamic texts provided quidance on how to deal with• Family life• Slavery• Economy

RISE OF MUSLIM CITIES

• Baghdad had a circular design• 3 protective walls• Caliph’s palace of

marble and stone• Market places

outside the walls• Population 1

million

FOUR SOCIAL CLASSES

• Upper class- Muslim at birth• Converts to Muslim

were second class• Protected people-

Jews and Christians were third class• Slaves were the

lowest class

THE FAMILY AND WOMEN

• Qur’an says men are the mangers of women’s affairs• “righteous women

were obedient”• Men and women are

equal as believers• Muslim women had

more economic and property rights than Europeans

THE FAMILY AND WOMEN

• Expected to submit to men• To divorce his wife

a man had to say ‘I dismiss thee” three times • Divorce final n

three months

THE FAMILY AND WOMEN

• Responsibilities varied by income• Wife of a poor man

worked the fields• Wealthier supervised

servants• Women had access to

education• Women raised then

children• Over time women

became more isolated

SLAVERY

• Most slave came from non-Muslim groups• Some became well

educated• Required that slaves

be treated fairly• Freeing slaves

praised as religious act

THE ECONOMY

• Built largely on commerce• Merchants became

middle men• Trade was a subject

of Muhammad's teachings• Expanded use of

coinage

MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP EXTENDS KNOWLEDGE

• Rulers wanted qualified physicians to take care of them• Mathematicians

and astronomers to calculate times for prayer• Quest for truth

MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP EXTENDS KNOWLEDGE

• Muhammad supported scholarship• Muslim leaders saved

the knowledge after the fall of Rome• Umayyad's and

Abbasids collected and translated knowledge• House of Wisdom

ARTS AND SCIENCE FLOURISH

• Researchers, editors, linguists, and technical advisors• Developed standards

for research• Some used Greek

ideas in a new way• Would set the stage

for medieval learning

MEDICINE

• Had to pass rigorous test to practice• Did eye surgery• Used a needle to

draw the film of blindness out

• Ibn Sina-most famous medical scholar of his time

OTHER FIELDS OF STUDY

• Geographers were needed for pilmgrages• Measured earth’s

circumference with accuracy• Ibn Khaldun-wrote

a history of the world

MUSLIM LITERATURE

• Qur’an is the standard of Arabic literature• Literature was

strong- stories of life in the desert.• Stories of India and

Persia• Stories from the 10

century

MUSLIM ART AND ARCHITECTURE

• Only Allah can create life images• Calligraphy- art of

beautiful handwriting• Decorative

woodwork, glass, ceramics, textiles • Building created a

cultural blending

MEDICAL ADVANCES

• Medicine, mathematics, astronomy• Relied on scientific

observation and experimentation• Muslims liked to

conduct experiments• Al-Razi- greatest

physician of the time wrote paper on small pox and clean air

MATH AND SCIENCE STRETCH HORIZONS

• Believe that math was the basis of all knowledge• Algebra- art of

bringing unknowns together• Ibn-al-Haytham-

wrote on book on how we see• Study on optics used

for telescopes and microscopes

PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION BLEND VIEWS

• Translated Greek works• Some tried to blend

Greek and Muslim• ‘The ideal man”• Morally perfect• East Persian• Arab in faith• Iraq education• Hebrew in business• Disciple of Christ in

conduct• Pious as a Greek monk

• Lasted for three empires• Ottoman• Safavid• Mughal• Muslim scholars

would be used at the beginning of the Renaissance