Chapter 9: Section 3
description
Transcript of Chapter 9: Section 3
![Page 1: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9: Section 3The Crusades
![Page 2: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The CrusadesThe Crusades
Series of wars beginning in 1096 and lasting for about 200 years.
Muslims and Christians fought for control over the Middle East – the Holy
Land.
![Page 3: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Alexius I (Byzantine Empire) asks
Pope Urban IIPope Urban II to help get rid of the Turks (Muslim).
![Page 4: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Council of Clermont (1095)
“From Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople comes a grievous report. An accursed race…has violently invaded the lands of those Christians and has depopulated them by pillage and fire.”
“Both knights and footmen, both rich and poor….must strive to help expel the Turks from our Christian lands before it is too late…Christ commands it. Remission of sins will be granted…”
![Page 5: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“GOD WILLS IT!”Why did the Pope want the Crusades?
- increase his power
- hoped Christians would fight Muslims not each other
- Knights want to win wealth and land
- Knights want adventure
![Page 6: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Christians win Jerusalem.
Christians massacre Muslims and Jews in the area.
![Page 7: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Second Crusade - Christians lose
Jerusalem to Muslims.
- Muslim military leader SALADIN
Third Crusade
- Christians fail to regain Jerusalem
- Saladin allows Christians to visit Jerusalem.
![Page 9: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fourth Crusade• Crusaders sack Constantinople – looting
and pillaging
• Meanwhile, Muslims take over Jerusalem and massacre the Christians
![Page 10: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IMPACT OF CRUSADES
• Hatred between Catholics, Muslims and Orthodox Christians
• Trade increases and expands (Europeans love Middle Eastern products)
• Serfdom slowly disappears ($ is key!)• Monarchs more powerful• Pope’s power is high at first, but loses
quickly
![Page 11: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
RECONQUISTARECONQUISTA
• Spain’s attempt to “reconquer” Spain for the Catholics
• Ferdinand and Isabella rule Spain– Huge supporters of Catholic Church– INQUISTION – church court that accuses
people of heresy• JEWS and MUSLIMS left Spain, converted or were
killed.• 150,000 people left Spain – ruins economy and
culture
![Page 12: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Section 4
Learning and Culture FlourishLearning and Culture Flourish
![Page 13: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Medieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities
• Cathedral schools first universities• Better educated clergy• Women and Universities
– Not allowed to attend university–Limits types of jobs and skills acquired–Christine de Pizan –
»earned $ through writing very unusual
![Page 14: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“New Learning”
• Muslim manuscripts that were translated into Latin are coming to Europe
• Philosophy –• Christians believe on faith; Church is final
authority– Thomas Aquinas - Summa Theologica = faith
and reason live in harmony- Very little scientific advances; all knowledge
must fit with Church teaching
![Page 15: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Medieval Literature
• Vernacular – everyday language of common people (begins to be the way people write)
• Epics - long narrative poems• Dante’s Divine Comedy –
– Hell, purgatory and heaven• Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales - follows pilgrims to Thomas Becket’s tomb; many
characters who tell a story each
![Page 16: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Architecture and ArtArchitecture and Art
Romanesque StyleRomanesque StyleRoman like structure Long barrel like roofThick walls to support heavy roofNo windowsDark and gloomy
![Page 17: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Gothic Style Gothic Style Flying buttresses (stone supports outside Flying buttresses (stone supports outside church)church)High walls High walls (carries eye towards heavens)(carries eye towards heavens)Pointed archesPointed archesHuge stained glass windowsHuge stained glass windowsPeople began to build many – People began to build many – gave inspirationgave inspiration
![Page 18: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Art in Stone & GlassArt in Stone & Glass-Carved sculptures portrays -Carved sculptures portrays scenes from Bible and scenes from Bible and everyday lifeeveryday life
- - Rose windowRose window (circle (circle stained glass window in stained glass window in front fascade)front fascade)
-Stained-glass windows-Stained-glass windowsReligious education for Religious education for the illiteratethe illiterate
![Page 19: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Illuminated Illuminated manuscriptsmanuscripts-Gothic style applied Gothic style applied to painting and to painting and illuminationillumination ( (artistic artistic decoration of books)decoration of books)
-Contains designs Contains designs and paintings of and paintings of biblical scenes and biblical scenes and daily lifedaily life
- Bold and brilliant - Bold and brilliant colors; detailcolors; detail
![Page 20: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Section 5:Section 5:A Time of CrisisA Time of Crisis
![Page 21: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
BLACK DEATHBubonic Plague
- disease spread by flees on rats
-Hit port cities first
-Kills about 1/3 of the people in Europe
![Page 22: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Effects of Black Death
• Workers die production decreases
• Less products = more demand = higher prices Inflation – rising prices
• People can’t afford to farm or buy products
![Page 24: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Upheaval in the Church
- 2-3 popes at a time- schism – split in the church
- Council at Constance (1417)- Chose one Pope for
Rome
HereticsJohn Wycliffe
-Bible not Church is the official authority.
- Jan Hus (follower) executed
![Page 25: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hundred Years’ War
![Page 26: Chapter 9: Section 3](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062316/568167dd550346895ddd3a2f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Englishlongbow
French Crossbow