Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance Northern Gannet.
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Transcript of Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance Northern Gannet.
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Chapter 9 Population Distribution and Abundance
Northern Gannet
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Late Spring – Mid-Summer
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Late Summer – Early Spring
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Across the Atlantic …
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POPULATION
Population: All the individuals of a Given Species in a Defined Area
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Distribution
Distribution: Size, Shape and Location of the area it occupies
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ABUNDANCE
Abundance: Total Number of Individuals of Northern Gannet in a Defined Area.
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DENSITY
Density: Number of Individuals per Unit Area50 m
60 Birdsin Box
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Distribution: Large ScaleSugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
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Distribution: Large ScaleSugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
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Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
POPULATION
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Distribution: Large Scale
Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
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Forrest Shreve (1878-1950)
Distribution: Large ScaleSaguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
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Distribution: Large ScaleSaguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
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Distribution: Large Scale Saguaro Cactus (Carneggia gigantea)
? ?
?
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DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale
Fig. 9.3 in Molles 2008
TIGER BEETLE (Cicindela longilabris)
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Fig. 9.4 in Molles 2006
DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale
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NORTH AMERICA VEGETATION TYPES
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Distribution: Medium ScaleElevation Gradients (Zonation)
Gila River Valley
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Arizona Sycamore
Pinon Pine
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Ponderosa Pine
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White Fir
(Trees of the Gila National Forest)
Distribution: Elevation Gradients
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Distribution: Small ScaleIntertidal Gradients (Zonation)
NICHE: Environmental Limits of a Species
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Fundamental Niche (Red)
FUNDAMENTAL NICHE: Physical Conditions under which a Species Might LiveIN ABSENCE OF COMPETITION FROM OTHER SPECIES
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Fundamental Niche (Green)
REALIZED NICHE: Physical Conditions under which a Species Might LiveLIMITED BY BIOTIC INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SPECIES
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~ 20,000 Years Ago
DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation
Sugar Maple
Eastern Hemlock
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DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation
Sugar MapleEastern Hemlock
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DISTRIBUTION: Large Scale Temporal Variation
European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)39
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DISTRIBUTION: Large ScaleTemporal Variation
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EUROPEAN STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris)
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Creosote (Larrea tridentata)
Regular (= Uniform) Pattern
1
2
PATTERN
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Regular (= Uniform) PatternPATTERN
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Parry’s Agave (Agave parryi)
4 6PATTERN
Clumped (= Aggregated) Pattern
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Cliff SwallowWilldebeast
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleClumped (= Aggregated) Pattern
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Cottonwood Mistletoe (Phoradendron macrophyllum)
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13
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleClumped (= Aggregated) Pattern
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Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleRandom Pattern
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9
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScaleRandom Pattern
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Fig. 9-10 in Molles 2006
DISTRIBUTION: Small ScalePattern: Random, Regular, Clumped
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Uniform
Temporal Variation in Pattern
Clumped
Random
Creosote(Larrea tridentata)
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Fig. 9.13 in Molles 2006
Temporal Variation in Pattern
Creosote (Larrea tridentata)
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PATTERN: Small ScaleMechanism for Regular Pattern
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Fig. 9.14 in Molles 2006
Mechanism for Regular Pattern
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Pattern at Multiple Spatial Scales
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21Christmas Bird Count (Winter)
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
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Fig. 9.15 in Molles 2007
American Crow Fish Crow
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
Christmas Bird Count (Winter)
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18 Breeding Bird Survey(Summer)
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
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Summer Distributions
Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
Fig. 9.16 in Molles 2006
Patterns at Large Spatial Scales
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1 http://www.kayaklakemead.com/sitebuilder/images/creosote_bush_range- 420x305.jpg
2 http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/boga/html/Larrea.divaricata.ka.JPG
3 http://www.tarleton.edu/~range/Edwards%20Pictures%2005/ Summer2005_Slides/su05%20247%20creosote.jpg
4 http://www.starr-nursery.com/images/Agave%20parryi%20nw02.jpg
5 http://misheli.image.pbase.com/u34/pinicola/upload/34660473. 020herdpressure.jpg6 http://wc.pima.edu/~bfiero/tucsonecology/plants/images/sw_paag01.jpg
7 http://visel.freeshell.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2006/01/cornfields.png
9 http://citybugs.tamu.edu/FastSheets/images/leafcutter_ant_mound.gif
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10 http://ars.sdstate.edu/faculty/smarta/Range415/Prairie%20dog%20need%20 to%20sort%20061.jpg
11 http://k53.pbase.com/o4/29/336929/1/62896394.jfMZnmhh.T2311Swallow NestCommune.jpg
12 http://www.delange.org/MistletoeChristmas/Dsc00094.jpg
13 http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/images/B999images/B999-8.jpg
14 http://www.tarleton.edu/~range/Edwards%20Pictures%2005/Summer2005 _Slides/su05%20247%20creosote.jpg
15 http://www.dartmouth.edu/~ravirg/images/creosote.root.jpg
16 http://www.wildlife-fantasy.com/artwork/songbirds.jpg
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17 http://www.miriameaglemon.com/photogallery/P6040258%20Floyd %20KCR.jpg
18 http://www.epa.gov/cludygxb/images/bbs-2.gif
19 http://www.coffeecreekwc.org/photos/birds/American_Crow.jpg
20 http://www.dpughphoto.com/images/fish%20crow%20ocracoke %2050906.JPG
21 http://www.challender.demon.co.uk/bird/trip/beardedt.jpg
22 http://www.truthorconsequencesnm.net/us_forest/mogollon -mts-o.jpg
23 http://www.delange.org/SycamoreArizona/Dsc00020.jpg
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24 http://www.avant-gardening.com/Pinon-Pine---Pinus-edulis.jpg
25 http://z.about.com/d/forestry/1/0/d/2/pp.jpg
26 http://www.friendsofsaguaro.org/sagdistributionmaplarge. gif
27 http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/images/shreve.jpg
28 http://nartowicz.users.btopenworld.com/seedlings/geometricus3.jpg
29 http://www.delange.org/Saguaro/DscSag2.jpg
30 http://www.theus50.com/images/state-quarters/vermont-quarter.jpg
31 http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/taxonomy/plants/spermatophyta/ angiosperms/dicotyledonae/aceraceae/sugar%20maple/JSC%209807 %20Sugar%20Maple.JPG
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32 http://www.lesinsectesduquebec.com/insecta/24-coleoptera/cicindela _longilabris-1.JPG
33 http://bailey.aros.net/nature/images/European%20Starling.jpg
34 Ricklefs, R.E. and G. Miller. 2000. Ecology, 4th edition. W.H. Freeman and Co.
35 http://www.birdbuzz.com/site/images/bird_id/red_eyed_vireo.jpg
36 http://www.gdargaud.net/Antarctica/Life/ManyEmperors.jpg
37 http://www.flyingover.net/files/photos/Golden%20eagle%20%20(c)% 20Arne%20Ader.JPG
38 http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2007/01/22/snow-in-tucson-january-of-2007/
39 http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/images/2007/08/29/shakespeare.jpg