Chapter 9 Government. Presidential Leadership 9.1 Presidential Powers 9.2 Roles of the President 9.3...
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Transcript of Chapter 9 Government. Presidential Leadership 9.1 Presidential Powers 9.2 Roles of the President 9.3...
![Page 1: Chapter 9 Government. Presidential Leadership 9.1 Presidential Powers 9.2 Roles of the President 9.3 Styles of Leadership.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/56649e575503460f94b50368/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9Government
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Presidential Leadership
• 9.1 Presidential Powers• 9.2 Roles of the
President• 9.3 Styles of Leadership
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9.1 Presidential Powers
• Constitutional Powers• Informal Sources of Power• Limits on Presidential Power
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Constitutional Powers• The Founders wanted a
strong executive branch to hold the legislative branch in check.
• Article II grants the president broad but vaguely described powers.
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Constitutional Powers• He heads the executive
branch, is commander in chief, conducts foreign policy, and has judicial powers.
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Informal Sources of Power
• Presidents have added to their powers by their actions.
• During national crises, presidents like Lincoln, FDR, and George W. Bush greatly expanded the powers of the presidency.
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Informal Sources of Power• Modern presidents claim
their ideas and policies represent a mandate from the people.
• They use all forms of mass media to build support for their ideas.
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Limits on Presidential Power
• Congress limits presidential authority by overriding vetos.
• It can also impeach and remove a president from office for clear abuse of power.
• The federal courts also limit the president’s power.
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Only two presidents have ever been impeached.• Andrew
Johnson • Bill Clinton
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What about Richard Nixon?
• He resigned before the House could impeach him.
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Limits on Presidential Power
• The federal courts also limit the president’s power.
• The Supreme Court can overturn presidential actions. Ex: Truman in Youngstown Sheet and Tube v. Sawyer (1952).
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What decision did the Supreme Court make against Truman in Youngstown Sheet and Tube v. Sawyer (1952)?
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Limits on Presidential Power
• The federal bureaucracy can limit presidential power by obstructing programs or failing to carry them out properly.
• Public opinion can limit the president’s actions.Ex: LBJ’s policies in Vietnam
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9.2 Roles of the President
• Seven Key Roles of the President
• Head of State• Chief Executive• Chief Legislator• Economic Planner• Party Leader• Chief Diplomat• Commander-in-Chief
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Seven Key Roles of the President
• Head of State• Chief Executive• Chief Legislator• Economic Planner• Party Leader• Chief Diplomat• Commander-in-Chief
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Head of State
• The president represents the nation at ceremonial functions.
• He is a symbol of the entire United States.
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Chief Executive• The President heads the 2 million
person executive branch.• He influences how laws are
executed through executive orders, presidential appointments, removal of appointed officials, and impoundment.
• He grants pardons, reprieves, or amnesty.
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Chief Legislator
• The President proposes legislation to Congress, usually in the State of the Union Address.
• He must work harder for congressional support when the opposition party controls Congress.
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The Johnson Treatment
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Chief Legislator
• He may use political favors to gain congressional support.
• He has the threat of the veto to influence Congress.
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Economic Planner• The President has gained
great economic powers since the New Deal.
• He promotes high employment, production, and purchasing power.
• He is required to prepare the federal budget each year.
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Party Leader
• The President helps raise party funds and plan campaign strategies.
• He uses political patronage to appoint party members to government jobs.
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Chief Diplomat
• The President directs foreign policy and oversees foreign affairs information agencies.
• He has sole power to make treaties, with Senate approval.
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Chief Diplomat
• He may make executive agreements with foreign nations.
• Executive agreements have the force of treaties but do not require congressional approval.
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Chief Diplomat
• He has the sole power to recognize foreign governments.
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Commander-in-Chief• The President has the power
to wage (not declare) war and makes key military policy decisions.
• He supports war efforts on the home front during wars.
• He may use the military to end disorders or help in natural disasters.
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9.3 Styles of Leadership
• Increased Responsibilities• Leadership Qualities and
Skills• Presidential Isolation• The Use of Executive
Privilege
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Increased Responsibilities• The Founders expected Congress
to lead the nation. • Modern presidents have
provided strong leadership for the nation.
• Presidents provide leadership in introducing bold new ideas.
• They also respond to crises at home and abroad.
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Leadership Qualities and Skills
• Presidents must know and understand the people of the United States.
• They must be able to communicate effectively and to explain their policies clearly in order to inspire public support.
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Leadership Qualities and Skills• Presidents must know
when the time is right to introduce new policies or make key decisions.
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Leadership Qualities and Skills• Successful presidents must:– be flexible and open to new
ideas; – be able to compromise; – have political courage – be willing to go against public
opinion when they think it is necessary for the nation’s interests.
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Presidential Isolation• The special treatment risks
isolating presidents from information and advice they should have to carry out their duties effectively.
• Presidents may discourage staffers from disagreeing with them or giving them unpleasant advice.
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Presidential Isolation• Advisers sometimes flatter the
president with only good news and favorable opinions to maintain access to the president.
• Top staffers or advisors control access to the president.
• Dealing with White House staff is time-consuming.
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The Use of Executive Privilege
• Presidents invoke executive privilege to keep discussions and advice confidential.
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The Use of Executive Privilege
• Modern presidents have claimed that executive privilege also protects their communications with other members of the executive branch.
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The Use of Executive Privilege
• The Supreme Court has ruled that executive privilege is constitutionally based.