CHAPTER 9

Exploded Boundaries

1815 – 1828

“The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their land and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress. . .”

“The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their land and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress. . .”

"I know of no country in which there is so little independence of mind and real freedom of discussion as in America."  Alexis De Tocqueville [1830s]

Bibliography

Albert Fishlow, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy (1965)

Robert Fogel, Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History (1964)

Oscar and Mary Handlin, Commonwealth: A Study of the Role of Government in the American Economy (1947)

Robert Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Source of American Freedom (1981)

Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Age of Jackson (1945)

Andrew Jackson

This 1845 painting captures the heroic, forceful side of Andrew Jackson that made him so appealing to many voters.

Erie Canal

In the days before railroads, canals were seen as the best way to move both people and goods into the interior. Here, workers excavate a lock designed to raise and lower canal boats in Lockport, New York, between 1817 and 1825.

Chapter Review

Explain the development of a national economy through financial and transportation developments.

Briefly describe the rise in popularity of Andrew Jackson. Describe the growth of the plantation South and its

increased reliance on cotton. Briefly explain the implications of the Missouri

Compromise for both white and black Americans. Explain the changes that took place in American politics

during the 1820s.

Identifications

James Monroe Henry Clay’s American System

national bank, internal improvements, protective tariffs John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster Chief Justice [Federalist] John Marshall

Cases: Dartmouth, Ogden, McCullough National Road Erie Canal Missouri Compromise Denmark Vesey Monroe Doctrine Bank War, Trail of Tears [next chapter]

I. New Borders

Whites continue to encroach on Native American lands Forts are built in all frontier areas Cherokees and other tribes adopt “civilized” ways but are still

repulsed Andrew Jackson achieves hero status battling Indians in

Florida Federal government works to build communication and

transportation networks

Lands Ceded by American Indians

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II. Building a National Economy

Cotton production brings tremendous growth to South, in large part due to slave labor

Northwest becomes fastest growing area Northeast becomes manufacturing and industrial center

of United States The American System included internal improvements,

protective tariffs, and a national bank

Redrawing the Nation’s Boundaries

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III. Regional Growth

Cotton moves across South Settlement of Northwest accelerates Northeast becomes land of farms and factories,

especially textiles

Migration Patterns in the Southeast

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Migration Patterns in the Northwest

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Cotton Mills in the North

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IV. Consequences of Expansion

British competition causes economic downturn in 1819, but Madison is re-elected

Question of statehood for Missouri brings on crisis in 1820 South Carolina reels from attempted revolt led by Denmark

Vesey Monroe Doctrine enunciates America’s stand on foreign policy

that holds until twentieth century

Election of 1828

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V. The Reinvention of Politics

Lafayette’s return to United States encourages Americans about their future

The 1824 presidential election shows unconcern of many Americans

John Quincy Adams is elected but does little as president Politics seems filled with conspiracies Democratic party emerges to help Andrew Jackson win

1828 election