Classification Notes. Scientists classify organisms based upon similarities.
Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based...
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Transcript of Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based...
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Chapter 9Classification
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• Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities.
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• Classifying organisms help biologists answer questions like
–How many species are there?
–What are the characteristics of each?
–What are the relationships between species?
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Carolus Linnaeus
• Swedish physician and botanist
• Lived in 1700’s
• Founded taxonomy, the science of identifying, classifying and naming living things
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• Binomial Nomenclature– Also known as binomenclature
– Elephas maximus– Tyrannosaurus rex
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Cladograms (branching diagrams)
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• Cladograms– Show close evolutionary
relationships
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•Which is the closest relative to Hibiscus?•Which is the most distant relative to Hibiscus?•Which plants have seeds?
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Scientific Names
• 2 words, Genus and Species
• Genus is capitalized and species is lower case
• Examples:– Indian elephant – Elephas maximus– Humans – Homo sapiens
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• Scientific names are usually Greek or Latin in origin
• The short cut for writing scientific names is to use the first letter of the genus and the full name of the species
• Example: – Escherichia coli is E. coli
• Organisms can have many common names but only one scientific name
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• Dichotomous Keys-– A tool that aids in identifying
unknown organisms– Consists of several pairs of
descriptive statements that have only two alternating responses
– (think of the choose your own adventure books)
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Dichotomous Keys
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The 6 Kingdoms
•Archaebacteria•Prokaryotes (no nucleus)•Single cell•Live in extreme conditions (hot or cold)•Live in Yellowstone Hot Springs
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Eubacteria
•Single celled•Live everywhere•Prokaryotes – no nucleus
•E. coli
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Protista
•Single or multi cellular•Eukaryotes – nuclei present•Simple organisms•Believed to have given rise to the other kingdoms•Protozoa, algae, slime molds, Euglena
•Paramecium
•Euglena
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Fungi
•Multicellular•Eukaryotes – nuclei•No photosynthesis occurs•Food is obtained by breaking down materials around (decomposers)•Mushrooms, molds
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Why don’t you cut off mold on bread and eat it?
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Plantae
•Multicellular•Eukaryotes – nuclei•Uses photosynthesis to produce food•Usually green
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Animalia
•Multicellular•Eukaryotic –nuclei•No cell walls•Most move (exceptions in sea sponges and corals)•Nervous systems