CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPRIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY
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Transcript of CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPRIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY
CHAPTER 9
CELLULAR RESPRIRATION:
HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY
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Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems
NADH2
orNADH- + H+
Almost 40% of the energy in glucose is converted to ATP
Each glucose uses 2 ATP then produces 4 ATP for a net of 2 ATP it also reduces 2 NAD+’s to form 2 NADH2; 2-3C pyruvates are also formed
Substrate-level phosphorylation –the phosphate group is at a higher energy level on the phosphoenolpyruvate than it is on ATP so it can be directly transferred
FormingAcetyl-CoA
Occurs inside the matrix
For the 2 pyruvates from a glucose, it produces 2 NADH2, releases 2 CO2 and 2 acetyl groups each attached to a Coenzyme A
From each Acetyl-CoA 3 NADH2 X2 1 FADH2 for the 1 ATP 2 acetyl 2 CO2 groups
6 NADH2
2 FADH2
2 ATP 4 CO2
ADP
phosphate
active site
Lower potential energy
Higherelectronegativity
Electrons from 1 NADH2 cause transport of 6H+’s that produce 3 ATP
1 FADH2 only 4H+’sonly 2 ATP
H+ + OH- =H2O
2e- + 2H+’s + O H2O
Inner membrane-cristae
Cytochrome/proton pump/transport protein
OH- OH- 2H+ OH-
OH-
OH- OH- OH- OH-
ATP syntaseATP synthase
Matrix
Intermembrane
space cytochrome
Path of electrons
NADH22e-
2H+NAD
H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
FADH2 2e-
FAD
H+ H+ H+ H+
2e-
Chemiosmosis
Proton Motive Force
cytochromes
ADP P
ATPIn the matrix there is alwaysa surplus of free
OH- so any free H+ will immediately combine with them and form water
Each glucose uses 2 ATP then produces 4 ATP for a net of 2 ATP it also reduces 2 NAD+’s to form 2 NADH2; 2-3C pyruvates are also formed
Lower potential energy
Higherelectronegativity
Electrons from 1 NADH2 cause transport of 6H+’s that produce 3 ATP
1 FADH2 only 4H+’sonly 2 ATP
H+ + OH- =H2O
2e- + 2H+’s + O H2O
Inner membrane-cristae
Cytochrome/proton pump/transport protein
OH- OH- 2H+ OH-
OH-
OH- OH- OH- OH-
ATP syntaseATP synthase
Matrix
Intermembrane
space cytochrome
Path of electrons
NADH22e-
2H+NAD
H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
FADH2 2e-
FAD
H+ H+ H+ H+
2e-
Chemiosmosis
Proton Motive Force
cytochromes
ADP P
ATP
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