Chapter 8 THE JAZZ AGE. Sec 1 The Politics of the 1920s Warren G. Harding Administration Born in...
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Transcript of Chapter 8 THE JAZZ AGE. Sec 1 The Politics of the 1920s Warren G. Harding Administration Born in...
Sec 1 The Politics of the 1920s
Warren G. Harding Administration
Born in in 1865, began political career in Ohio (rep)
Became Senator in 1914 and in 1920 ran for president
He promised “return to normalcy” after WWI
Was elected but in 1923, when traveling to Alaska became ill and die of a heart attack
VP Calvin Coolidge took office
Scandal- Teapot Dome
In 1922, Harding’s Sec of the Interior Albert B. Fall
Secretly allowed private interest to lease lands containing U.S. navy oil reserves at Teapot Dome (located in Wyoming and California)
Fall received bribes from private investors more than $300,000
He became the first cabinet member to go to prison
Policies of Prosperity
Cooling won the Rep Nomination in 1924 and became president.
Supply- Side Economics- lower taxes will boost the economy as business and individuals invest their money, thereby creating higher taxes revenues.
Cooling reduced taxes …. For wealthy from 75 to 25 %
The fed. budget decreased from $6.4 billions to 3 billions
Cooperative individualism- Herbert Hoover, Sec of Commerce (later became president) encouraged manufactures and distributors to from their own organization and volunteer information to the federal government in an effort to stimulate the economy.
Isolationism- a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
Dawes Plan
As a result of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to make huge cash payments to countries to pay for the war
In 1924, Charles D. Dawes negotiated an agreement with France, Britain, and Germany.
American banks will make loans to Germany to help it make reparations payments.
In exchange, Britain and France would accept less in reparation and pay back more on their war debts to the U.S.
Washington Conference & Kellogg-Briand Act
Representatives from 8 main countries met in D.C. to discuss disarmament.
Britain, France ,Italy, Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, China.
Kellogg-Briand Act:
The Washington Conference inspired French minister and U.S. Secretary of State.
On 8/27/1928, the U.S. and other 14 countries signed the act and agreed to abandon war and to settle all disputes by peaceful means.
Sec. 2 Growing Economy
Facts: Work Hours reduced from 12-8 21 out of 26 families owned a car but did not
have bathtubs with running water Henry Ford cut work days from 6 to 5 Mass production increased supply and
demand
Henry Ford
Ford introduced the assembly line (divided operations into simple tasks)
By 1914, Ford was building a car every 93 minutes
In 1908 Model T sold for $850… in 1914 sold for $490.
In 1914 Ford increased salary to $5
Consumer Products/ Airline and Radio Industry
Americans began use more sanitary/cleaning products
Electronic items: vacuums, refrigerators, washer, dryers changed society
In 1918, the first airmail service was introduced. Congress passed the Kelly Act in which contracted private planes to take their mail.
By 1928, 48 airlines were serving 355 American cities.
Edwin Armstrong in vented a special circuit to transmit sound… radio began after
By 1926 we had CBS, NBC and many talk and radio shows.
Credit was established in the 1920; 60% of the car and 75% radios bought on credit
Borrowing and paying
Crisis
No all Americans could experience the boom…farmers (high prices in technology) and African Americans
Section 3- A Clash of Values
Nativism and immigration policies:
Rise in racism and Nativism
Sacco-Vanzetti Case
KKK – began in the South after the Civil War, used violence to intimidate free African Americans
Began to decline after the 1920s
Increased Mexican immigration (700,000)
Sacco-Vanzetti
Prejudices and fear of the era
April 15, 1920- two men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory in Massachusetts
Nicola Sacco/ Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Newspaper reveled the men were anarchist (people who opposed to all forms of government)
July 14,1921 they were found guilty and sentence to death on 8/23/1927
Changes for Women
Right to vote
Attended college
Took jobs to established financial independence .
Fashion: short hair
Some became known as “flapper”: smoked cigarettes, drank prohibited liquors,make up, sleeveless dresses and short skirts.
Religion
They rejected Charles Darwin theory of evolution in which all life forms had developed from lower forms of life over millions of years.
Creationism- the belief that God created the world as described in the Bible.
Prohibition
The movement to ban alcohol sales
18th Amendment
In he 1920s Americans ignored the law about 540,000 were arrested.
Organized crime increases…
Al Capone (gangster of the era) bought
many police officer, judges, and
government officials.
21st amendment override the 18
http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos#america-goes-dry-with-prohibition
Section 4 Cultural Innovations
Bohemian lifestyle- allowed artist, musicians, and writers greater freedom of expression.
People began attending the movies
Baseball and boxing were extremely popular (thanks to motion pictures and radio)
College football also became very popular.
Scott Fitzgerald- The Great Gatsby
Ernest Hemingway- A Farewell to Arms
Mass Media- Radio, movies, newspaper …unified the nation!!!!!
Section 5 African Americans and Politics
Harlem Renaissance
http://www.history.com/videos/the-harlem-renaissance-an-artistic-explosion#the-harlem-renaissance-an-artistic-explosion
Jazz and Blues- popular in New Orleans