Chapter 8: The Civil War Chapter Notes 1/9/14. 1858-MN becomes a state ◦ At this time, Americans...
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Transcript of Chapter 8: The Civil War Chapter Notes 1/9/14. 1858-MN becomes a state ◦ At this time, Americans...
![Page 1: Chapter 8: The Civil War Chapter Notes 1/9/14. 1858-MN becomes a state ◦ At this time, Americans think of the nation in 2 parts: the North and the South.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083007/56649e375503460f94b27cc2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8: The Civil War
Chapter Notes1/9/14
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1858-MN becomes a state◦At this time, Americans think of the
nation in 2 parts: the North and the South
Many similarities and many differences
North: big cities, big factories & small farms producing enough food for a growing pop.
South: few large cities & factories; slow growing pop.; farms grow many crops; 3 main crops: tobacco, sugar, cotton
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WHAT WAS DRIVING A WEDGE BETWEEN THEM?
SLAVERY
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Who could vote in the U.S. at this time?
Because there weren’t many industries in the South, they couldn’t attract a lot of workers.
Population in the North increased, and the South stayed the same
Problem!South wanted to balance slave
and free statesIssue: slavery expanding to new
states and territories
DIVISIONS
OF
NORTH &
SOUTH
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Slaves in North America in 1619Abolitionist: someone who wants to get rid
of slaveryMany in the North worried that if slavery
spread, it would be harder for free whites to find work
MN Territory 1849-1858: Slavery illegalMN State 1858
◦Constitutional ban on slavery◦Slavery did exist (>25 people)◦Slaves brought by:
Army Govt. workers Visitors Few who moved to MN
Most MN against slavery by 1860
SLAVERY
&
ABOLITION
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Manifest Destiny=problem◦Slave states vs. Free states
Many compromises in Congress◦Missouri Compromise◦CA=free; UT & NM slave territories◦No slave trade in DC◦Fugitive slave laws
Kansas-Nebraska◦“Bleeding Kansas”
1854: Whig Party break-off to form Republican party
1860: 1st Republican President=Lincoln1860: South Carolina secedes from Union
◦Starts Civil War
ROAD TO
CIVIL
WAR
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North ◦Advantages: population, money, industries,
allies◦Disadvantages: land, long supply and
communication linesSouth
◦Advantages: trained generals/military leadership, land
◦Disadvantages: needed more resources, alliesCivil War
◦4 years◦1,000,000 casualties◦Emancipation Proclamation: freed all slaves in
US Shifted goal of war to ending slavery Renewed hope in Union soldiers—win war in 1865
◦Congress passes 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
CIVIL
WAR
&
AFTERMATH
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Chapter 8: The Civil War
Chapter Notes1/9/14
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Land of the Free?Before 1800, people all over had slaves
◦North changed because they came around to thinking it was morally wrong and found it was unprofitable for them
◦Southern farmers needed cheap labor for their plantations; ex. picking cotton New cotton plant + invention of cotton gin = $$$
Northerners didn’t want slavery to spread to the West as new states came
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Differences between the North and the South in the years before the war?
North◦Big cities, big factories, and farms
that produced food and goods for a growing pop.
◦Slavery not allowedSouth
◦Few large cities and factories, fewer railroad
◦Slow growing pop.◦Slavery allowed
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SIDEBAR: Dred & Harriet ScottBrought to Ft. Snelling in MN
(free state)When owner went back to MO
(slave state) he took the Scotts with him
Scotts sued: since they had lived in a free territory, they should be free◦11 yrs in court--> U.S. Supreme
Court decided they were property and not citizens and that their owner, a U.S. citizen, couldn’t be deprived of his property
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How did people in MN react to slavery and the visiting Eliza Winston?
1860-MN had mixed feelingsEliza Winston—slave for a
Southern family who came to MN on vacation for a visit◦MN was a free state◦Met with freed African American
couple who contacted a judge She was taken into custody that night
with the judge ruling the next day she was free
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Home of the Brave
1860 election—Rep. Abraham LincolnSoutherners saw it as a threat to their
way of life as they depended on slaverySouthern states seceded to form the
Confederate States of America◦Lincoln refuses to see the country divided --
> WAR BOTH need armies
◦First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment formed at this time
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What happened to Charley Goddard during the Civil War?Charley Goddard: 15 yr old
who lied about his age to enlist; trained at Ft. Snelling and shipped out with 1st MN Reg. for D.C.
Age 16: excited to fight; injured--> had to sit out in First Battle of Bull Run
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What happened to Charley Goddard during the Civil War?Age 17: Battle of Antietam—
bloodiest day in history (26,000 men killed/wounded)
Age 18: Battle of Gettysburg-1st MN very important at the frontlines because they were able to hold off Confederate soldiers until Union reinforcements arrived
1st MN Reg. was one of twenty-two MN units to serve in Civil War
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SIDEBAR: HomefrontMinnesotans were doing all they
could to support the war effort◦Sent supplies, raised money,
provided companionship, and sent letters/care packages to soldiers
Life goes on--> While the men were gone, everyone else in the family had to step up and take on extra duties
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Land of the FreeEmancipation Proclamation—
presidential decree that stated as of January 1, 1863, the slaves in the Confederate states were free◦Made it clear that the war wasn’t just
about preserving the Union
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What problems did Robert Hickman encounter?Robert Hickman—African
American man who was born a slave in Missouri◦Could read, write, and preached
ministry◦Headed to MN with a group of 300
slavesReactions of Minnesotans-->
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the North defeated the South in 1865◦1,000,000 casualties◦South in ruins◦MN—not really affected◦MN economy doing well◦What did MN learn?
In MN, family life was upset by war & casualties
During Civil War, another war had started in southern MN—the Dakota War
AFTERMATH