For Wednesday Read chapter 23, sections 1-2 Homework: –Chapter 22, exercises 1, 8, 14.
Chapter 8 Sections 1-4
description
Transcript of Chapter 8 Sections 1-4
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Chapter 8Sections 1-4
By:Kelsey GarrisonBrittany Ramsey
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Seismology• The study of earthquakes. The
scientists who study the earthquakes are called seismologists.
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Fault• A break in the Earth’s crust along
which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another. Earthquakes occur along faults due to this sliding.
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Deformation • The change in the shape of a rock in
response to stress. • Rock along a fault deforms mainly in two
ways-in a plastic manner, like a piece of molded clay, or in a n elastic manner, like a rubber band.
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Elastic rebound• The sudden return of elastically
deformed rock to its original shape. • Elastic rebound occurs when more
stress is applied to rock than the rock can withstand.
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Seismic waves• Waves of energy that travel through the
earth.• Different types of seismic waves travel at
different speeds and move the materials that they travel through differently.
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P waves• Travel through solids, liquids, and
gases-fastest seismic waves. Because p waves are always the first seismic waves to be detected, they are also called primary waves.
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S waves• Shear waves-second fastest seismic
wave. Also, S waves are slower than P waves and always arrive second; thus, they are also called secondary waves.
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Seismographs• Are instruments located at or near
the surface of the earth that record seismic waves.
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Seismogram• A tracing of earthquake motion
created by a seismograph. • Seismologists use seismograms
to calculate when an earthquake started.
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Epicenter• Thon the Earth’s e point surface directly above an
earthquakes starting point. • The most common method by which
seismologists find an earthquake’s epicenter is the
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Focus• The point inside the Earth where
an earthquake begins.
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Gap hypothesis• States that sections of active faults
that have had relatively few earthquakes are likely to be the sites of strong earthquakes in the future.
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Seismic gaps• The areas along a fault where relatively
few earthquakes have occurred.
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Moho• A place within the Earth
where the speed of seismic waves increases sharply. It marks the boundary between the Earth’s crust and mantle.
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Shadow zone• An area on the Earth’s surface where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquakes can be detected.