Chapter 8, Section 4. In the North, slavery continued to exist until the 1840s By 1860, nearly 4...
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Transcript of Chapter 8, Section 4. In the North, slavery continued to exist until the 1840s By 1860, nearly 4...
Fighting Against Slavery
Chapter 8, Section 4
In the North, slavery
continued to exist until the 1840s
By 1860, nearly 4 million African Americans lived in slavery in the south The majority of
southerners were not slave holders
Southern economy depended on the labor of slaves
The Lives of Enslaved African Americans
Work was the dominant fact in the lives of
slaves Men, women, and children were expected and
forced to work whenever the slaveholder demanded it For most enslaved people, this meant every day
of their lives Those who could not perform the tasks
needed were of little use to slave holders
A Life of Work
Most enslaved people lived on
farms or plantations in the south Cotton was the leading crop and
was labor intensive Many slaves worked as: field
hands, planting, tending, picking, processing, and loading cotton Other plantation slaves worked
in the slaveholder’s house: cooking and cleaning
Some were skilled artisans and worked as blacksmiths, bricklayers, and carpenters
A Life of Work
Some slaves worked in cities
They worked in factories and mills, in offices, and in homes
Some worked in mines or in the forest as lumberjacks
A Life of Work
Enslaved people lived, for the most part, in
barely tolerable conditions Food, clothing, and shelter were typically
inadequate Medical care was non existent Enslaved African Americans had no right under
the law, which viewed them as property
A Life of Want
Many slaveholders treated their
slaves relatively well Did so to make sure their slaves were
loyal Did not make up for the fact they
were holding another human as property
Other slaveholders treated their slaves much harsher Punishments such as beating,
whipping, starving and threatening family members to keep slaves obedient
Many slaves were separated from their families Sold to different slaveholders
A Life of Fear
African Americans developed ways to survive
and bring some light into their lives Religion: Combination of African and Christian
beliefs provided hope for a better life after death
Story telling Songs: provided inspiration and a brief respite
from their hard lives
A Life of Hope
There were free blacks
who lived in the South They had either been
freed by their slaveholders or were free because their ancestors had been emancipated
These men and women faced harsh legal and social discrimination Aided people in escaping
slavery and spoke out for freedom
Anti Slavery Movements in the South
1776-1860 – 200 slave revolts
and plots occurred in the US Nat Turner Rebellion in 1830 was
the deadliest slave revolt Turner and 5 accomplices killed
Turner’s slaveholder and his family
Got 75 more followers and killed dozens more white people
Local militia captured rebels and killed 20
Other white people killed about 100 other slaves suspected of sympathizing
Slave Revolts
Some slaves escaped
Tried to reach the free states of the North or Canada or Mexico
No one knows exactly how many escaped: possibly 40,000-100,000
Most that escaped were soon captured, but some made it to freedom
Escape
Underground Railroad: an
informal, constantly changing network of escape routes
Sympathetic white people and free blacks provided escapees with food, hiding places, and directions to their next destination
Harriet Tubman was one of the famous workers on the Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad
A campaign to
abolish, or end, slavery
Supporters were called abolitionists
One of the largest reform movements of the Reform Era of the 1830s, 1840s, and 1850s
The Abolition Movement
Abolition movement was
rooted in religion Quakers condemned
slavery since colonial times
Second Great Awakening contributed to the rise of the abolitionist movement
Religious people saw slavery as morally wrong
Religious Roots
One of the most
outspoken abolitionists from Philadelphia
Wanted slavery to be abolished immediately
Published an abolitionist newspaper called The Liberator
Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society
William Lloyd Garrison
Women played a leading role in
the campaign Sarah and Angelina Grimke –
daughters of a South Carolina plantation owner Fought for the rights of slaves
and the rights of women Frederick Douglass – fought for
abolition and women’s rights. Escaped slavery at 20. Published the North Star Powerful speaker, intelligent and
educated
Leading Abolitionists
To slaveholders, abolition was an outrage Seen as an attack on their
livelihood, their way of life, and their religion
Southern ministers attempted to justify slavery through the Bible
Slaveholders and politicians said that slavery was essential to production of cotton and health of the economy (counted for 55% of the country’s exports)
Support and tolerance of slavery in the north so free blacks do not take factory jobs
Opposition to Abolition