Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses...

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Chapter 8 A Tour of the Cell

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Transcript of Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses...

Page 1: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Chapter 8

A Tour of the Cell

Page 2: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

How can we see cells?

Light microscope– Uses light and lenses to magnify

Electron microscope– Uses beam of electrons– Gives a 3-D picture

Not a flashcard.

Page 3: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Electron vs. Light

What can you see without a microscope?

Not a flashcard.

Page 4: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Here are some pictures of cellsView the size of cells

Not a flashcard.

Page 5: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell TypesCell Types

Bone Cell

Muscle Cell

Nerve Cell

Cartilage Cell

Blood Cell

Small IntestineCell

Not a flashcard.

Page 6: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Discovery of the Cell

Made possible by the development of the microscope

Robert Hooke first used a microscope in 1665

Examined a thin slice of cork Found similar formations, “a great many little

boxes,” when looking at stems of trees, carrots, and ferns

Cells – named after the small rooms in which monks lived

Page 7: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cork cells Not a flashcard.

Page 8: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell Theory

The 3 Parts to the Cell Theory:

All living things are composed of one or more cells

Cells are the basic units of life

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Page 9: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

There are 2 types of cells

ProkaryoticExample: bacteria

EukaryoticExamples: plant & animal

Page 10: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Which is Bigger?

Bacteria Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell

Small Bigger Biggest

Not a flashcard.

Page 11: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell Type: Prokaryotic

No true nucleus No organelles

with membranes

Page 12: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell Type: Eukaryotic

Has at least 1 true nucleus

Has organelles with membranes

Page 13: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Page 14: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Why aren’t cells large?

As cell size , the surface area to volume ratio

Rates of chemical exchange may then be inadequate for cell size

Cell size, therefore, remains small

Page 15: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell Size

Not a flashcard.

Page 16: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Surface Area to Volume RatioNot a flashcard.

Page 17: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Unicellular vs. Multicellular

UnicellularMade of only ONE cell

or MulticellularMade of more than one cell

Page 18: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Organelles

There are 16 organelles I would like you to know.

Be able to label each of them and describe their functions.

Not a flashcard.

Page 19: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell Wall

Not in animal cells

Provides: protection shape support

Page 20: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell Membrane

Made of phospholipids Selectively permeable Maintains homeostasis

Page 21: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

The Cell Membrane…

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Not a flashcard.

Page 22: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cytoplasm

Clear fluid that surrounds the organelles

Jelly-like

Page 23: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

The Cytoskeleton

Fibrous network in cytoplasm Provides support and maintains shape Made of microtubules

Page 24: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Nucleus

The cell’s control center

Contains DNA RNA is made here

Page 25: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus

Produces ribosomes

Page 26: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Mitochondria

Makes energy The more

mitochondria, the more energy the cell can produce! (muscle cells)

Page 27: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A folded membrane attached to the nucleus

‘Intra-cellular highway’

Page 28: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Ribosomes

Small and ‘circular’ Assembles amino acids to make proteins

Page 29: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Vessicles

Small packages that transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

Page 30: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Golgi Apparatus

Flattened sacs Packages proteins and lipids to leave the cell

Page 31: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Lysosomes

sacs of enzymes digests particles

Page 32: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Vacuoles

Stores food, enzymes, and waste

Plants: only 1 LARGE

Page 33: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Chloroplasts

Found only in plants Contains chlorophyll (green) Converts sunlight to useable energy

Page 34: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Elodea Cells Not a flashcard.

Page 35: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Centrioles

Used in cell replication; only in animal cells Pulls chromosomes apart

Page 36: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cilia vs. Flagella

Locomotive appendages:

Cilia is short and hairlike (large #’s)

Flagella is longer and whiplike (small #’s)

Page 37: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Real Pictures of Cilia

Cilia

Not a flashcard.

Page 38: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

It’s all connected! Not a flashcard.

Page 39: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Difference Between Plant & Animal Cells

Plant Cells Have: A Cell wall Chloroplasts Larger vacuole No centrioles

Page 40: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

A Plant Cell Not a flashcard.

Page 41: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

A Real Plant Cell Not a flashcard.

Page 42: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Another Plant Cell

Important Info!

Not a flashcard.

Page 43: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

An Animal Cell Not a flashcard.

Page 44: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Another Animal Cell Not a flashcard.

Page 45: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

Cell Cheer!

Page 46: Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.

The End!

See you soon!


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