Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor...

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Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Muscle Review Muscle Review

Transcript of Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor...

Page 1: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Chapter 8Chapter 8Muscle ReviewMuscle Review

Page 2: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within…

a.Myofibrils

b.Motor units

c.Motor end plate

d.Motor nerve ending

Page 3: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Motor nerve ending

Page 4: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The synaptic vesicles contain…

a.Acetylcholine

b.Calcium ions

c.Myoglobin

d.actin

Page 5: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The process by which a motor neuron releases acetylcholine is

a.Exocytosis

b.Simple diffusion

c.Active transport

d.filtration

Page 6: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

What structures meet at the neuromuscular junction?

a.T-tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

b.The sarcolemma and the T-tubules

c.The axon of the motor neuron and the sarcolemma

d.The axon of the motor neuron and myosin

Page 7: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Motor nerve ending

Page 8: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The enzyme cholinesterase causes acetylcholine to…

a.Bind to actin

b.Be secreted

c.Decompose

d.Form crossbridges

Page 9: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The time following a stimulus when a muscle is unable to respond…

a.Refractory period

b.Relaxation period

c.Latent period

d.Summation

Not in notes check over in book.

Page 10: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Amount of oxygen required to convert lactic acid to glucose.

a.Refractory period

b.Oxygen debt

c.Anaerobic respiration

d.Aerobic respiration

Page 11: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

A motor unit includes

a.Muscle fibers only

b.Motor neurons only

c.Several motor neurons and one muscle fiber

d.Several muscle fibers and one motor neuron

Page 12: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

one

several

Page 13: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Creatine phosphate serves to

a.Cause the decomposition of ATP

b.Cause the decomposition of ADP

c.Supply energy for the synthesis of ATP

d.Supply energy for the change of ATP to ADP

Page 14: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The all-or-none response means…

a.All the muscles in a region contract together

b.All of the muscle fibers/cells within a muscle contract together

c.When a muscle fiber contracts, it contracts completely

Page 15: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Rigor mortis occurs because of

a.Excessive ATP, which prevents muscle relaxation

b.Lack of ATP, which prevents muscle relaxation (no ATP to release crossbridge between actin & myosin)

c.Excessive ATP which causes muscle contraction

Page 16: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The botulinus toxin that causes botulism acts by

a.Preventing the release of acetylcholine

b.Promoting the release of acetylcholine

c.Causing acetylcholine to be decomposed

d.Preventing the decomposition of acetylcholine

Page 17: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Smooth muscle is found

a.Attached to bones

b.Lining hollow organs and tubes

c.In the wall of the heart

Page 18: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Muscle tissue that is striated and involuntary

a.Skeletal

b.Smooth

c.Cardiac

d.Both cardiac and smooth

Page 19: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

A muscle cramp is likely due to a lack of

a.Actin

b.Myosin

c.ATP

d.ADP

Page 20: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Which of the following is the smallest

a.Myofilament

b.Myofibril

c.Myofiber

d.fascicle

Myofibril is the organelle within the muscle cell/fiber and the myofilaments (actin & myosin) are the proteins within the myofibril.

Page 21: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Multiunit smooth muscle

a.Is composed of sheets of muscle cells

b.Tends to display rhythmicity

c.Occurs in the walls of the stomach and intestines

d.None of these

a, b, & c are all characteristics of visceral smooth muscle.

Page 22: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Striations are seen in…

a.Osseous tissue

b.Smooth muscle

c.Skeletal muscle cells

d.Tendons and ligaments

Page 23: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Striations

Page 24: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Branching muscle cells with a single nucleus/cell and intercalated disks are found in…

a.Skeletal muscle

b.Cardiac muscle

c.Smooth muscle

Page 25: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.
Page 26: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Thick myofilament

a.Actin

b.Myosin

Page 27: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Myoglobin…

a.Stores oxygen in the muscle tissue

b.Binds to actin to shorten the myofibrils

c.Stores ATP

d.Separates one sarcomere from another

Page 28: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Connective tissue that separates the fascicles in skeletal muscle is called the

a.Epimysium

b.Endomysium

c.Perimysium

Page 29: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Connective componentsof muscle organ

Fascicle

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

Musclefiber

Page 30: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The sarcolemma is the

a.Storage site for calcium

b.Cell membrane of a myofiber

c.Cytoplasm of myofiber

Page 31: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The function of the intercalated disks in cardiac muscle tissue is to

a.Separate one sarcomere from another

b.Store ATP

c.Slow the rate at which calcium ions are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

d.Provide a mechanism by which all of the cells in a network can contract as a functional unit

Page 32: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The sliding filament theory states that when a muscle fiber shortens…

a.Actin filaments become shorter when they combine with myosin

b.Thin myofilaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere

c.Myosin heads rotate when they attach to actin, causing them to fold.

Page 33: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The function of calcium ions in skeletal muscle cell contraction is to

a.Bind to receptors on the sarcolemma

b.Bind to oxygen; for cellular respiration

c.Bind to the thin myofilament (actin) changing its shape so that the thick myofilament (myosin) can bind.

Page 34: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract when…

a.Calcium ions bind to the sarcolemma

b.Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma, causing the stimulus to spread through out the muscle cell

c.ATP is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

d.Oxygen binds to the hemoglobin

Page 35: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Sarcomeres are separated from one another by

a.I bands

b.H zone

c.A bands

d.Z lines

Page 36: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The region of the sarcomere that contains thin myofilaments, but not thick myofilaments is the

a.A band

b.I band

c.Z line

d.T-tubule

Page 37: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.
Page 38: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The aerobic processes of cellular respiration occur in the

a.Sarcoplasm

b.Mitochondria

c.T-tubules

d.nucleus

Page 39: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is to

a.Generate ATP

b.Store calcium ions

c.Break down acetylcholine

d.exocytosis

Page 40: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted to

a.Creatine

b.Lactic acid

c.ADP

d.Oxygen

Page 41: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Acetylcholine and ____ are the two neurotransmitters that affect smooth muscle.

Norepinephrine

Page 42: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Rhythmic motion produced by smooth muscle is called?

Peristalsis

Page 43: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

Muscle fatigue is due to an accumulation of _____

Lactic acid

Page 44: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The minimal stimulus needed to elicit a muscle contraction is _____

Threshold stimulus

Page 45: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

A broad fibrous sheet of connective tissue covering adjacent musces is called?

Aponeurosis

Page 46: Chapter 8 Muscle Review. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within… a.Myofibrils b.Motor units c.Motor end plate d.Motor nerve ending.

The enlargement of muscle fibers as a result of physical exercise is called?

Hypertrophy