Chapter 8

EARLY 1800’S

MAP 9.1 North America in 1800 In 1800, the new United States of America shared the North American continent with territories held by the European powers: British Canada, French Louisiana (secretly ceded that year to France by Spain), Spanish Florida, Spanish Mexico, and Russian Alaska, expanding southward along the Pacific coast. Few people could have imagined that by 1850, the United States would span the continent. But the American settlers who had crossed the Appalachians to the Ohio River Valley were already convinced that opportunity lay in the West.

1800

Rural Agricultural 94% in small communities (2K or less) International trade / shipping Port cities

NEW GOVT.

First change of parties Jefferson in office

JEFFERSONIAN VISION

Yeoman farmer Rural communities Republic Slavery Native Americans

Intercourse Act Expansion Indian resistance

MAP 9.5 Spread of Settlement: Westward Surge, 1800–1820 Within a period of twenty years, a quarter of the nation’s population had moved west of the Appalachian Mountains. The westward surge was a dynamic source of American optimism.

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

French $15 million Doubled land

WAR OF 1812

British presence War hawks Grievances

Naval blockades Backing Natives

MISSOURI COMPROMISE

1820 Imaginary border Missouri Maine Implications?

SOCIETY

Drinking Water, bad

ALCOHOL

Good Remedies “Spirits”

Distillation Rum, whiskey, etc. American drink

ALCOHOL

“cocktail” 1806

Drinking nation

BLACKS IN THE NORTH

Slavery abolished Men: farm hands, labor Women: servants, laundresses Basic rights minimized Black communities