Chapter 8: Corrections

Chapter 8: CorrectionsChapter 8: Corrections

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Careers in Criminal Justice

Sage Publications Inc.


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• Corrections involves supervising juveniles and adults who have been arrested for criminal offenses, as well as those convicted or sentenced at later stages.

• It is more than just being guards, keeping the prisoners safe and preventing escape.

• The system as a whole contributes to a safer community


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The correctional system includes:

•The rehabilitation of prisoners who will inevitably be

released.

• Supervision of those sentenced to community programs.

•Determination and supervision of those who receive parole.

•Supervision of those who receive alternative sentences.


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Covering all of these responsibilities gives rise to a variety of positions, such as:•State Correction Officer, •County Correctional Officer, •City Jail Detention Officer, •Probation Officer, •Parole Officer, •Juvenile Detention Officer, •Correction Advisor, •Treatment Officer, •Corrections Counselor, •Juvenile Review and Release Specialist, •Community Corrections Officer, •Warden.


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State Correctional officer

Being a correctional officer for a state prison, or a detention officer for a county or city, is a law enforcement type of job with arrest powers and the authority for use of force.

The Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) employs over 10,000 professionals.

To work for ADC, you need to be 21 years old and have a high school diploma or GED.


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• You would need to be a U.S. citizen, possess a valid Arizona driver’s license, and have no felony convictions.

• Your first step in the hiring process would be an entrance exam.

• You would be assessed through written and oral tests in the areas of general knowledge, human relations, reading comprehension, observation, communication skills, and your ability to follow directions.


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• You would also be asked to submit your proof of age, residency, diploma, and possession of a driver’s license.

• The next step is to pass a medical examination covering hearing, vision, lab work, and medical history.

• The following step in the process is the physical fitness test in which you would need to meet the minimum standards of aerobic fitness, muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility.


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• To accomplish this you might do exercises, such as push-ups, sit-ups, a lift of a certain weight, a stretch test, and a stair step test.

• The next test would be the psychological assessment to determine if you fit the profile of a successful correctional officer.

• A psychologist evaluates these tests and if there are any discrepancies, the psychologist has the empowerment to retest you.


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• The final step is the drug screening.

• When you take your first exam you would be asked to sign a consent form for the screening and would later take that test once you are contacted and asked to appear.

• For this you are given 48 hours in which to complete the drug screening test.


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• Correctional officers attend an academy, which is usually much shorter than police academies.

• The Arizona Correctional Officer’s Training Academy (CODA), which is located in the foothills of Tucson, Arizona, is a seven week live-in academy where room and board is provided for the recruits.

• While you attend the academy you receive a salary and benefits.


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• The training curricula at CODA is divided into nine basic areas, which are ethics and professionalism, inmate management, legal issues, communications, officer safety, applied skills, security custody and control, conflict and crisis management, and medical and mental health issues.

• Trainees are tested weekly through various assessment exercises.


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• A vital component of the training is physical fitness in which participation is mandatory.

• There are standards you must meet for aerobic, muscular, and flexibility requirements.

• Firearm and self defense classes are taught at the academy in hopes of keeping the public, staff, and inmates safe.

• To graduate you would have to demonstrate efficiency in self defense.


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• As part of the firearms educations, you would be trained in chemical agents, use of force, and target identification and discrimination.

•A key ingredient to the training at CODA is on-the-job experience.

•Midway through the seven-week training, you would be assigned to an institution in which you are shown a glimpse of the duties and responsibilities of a professional correctional officer.


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• Once out of the academy, with a salary between $32,916 - $39,664, you would be assigned to one of the 10 ADC facility in Arizona and start your career.

• Your job would be to maintain order in an institution satiated with disorderly guests.

• You would do more than just watch for problems to occur.


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• Inmates are better off being active, so you would be supervising work activities and other organized affairs.

• You would find yourself settling disputes and enforcing rules while conducting searches and moving prisoners to their destinations, such as visitations, court or parole hearings, or medical needs.


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• If you lean towards becoming a Correctional Officer, you will be more successful if you have the “gift of gab.”

•Just as police officers need to be good actors and deceivers, Correctional Officers need to be able to work with brilliant deceivers while being genuine, firm, and respectable.

•Most inmates are willing to conform to the rules and verbal commands if they feel respected.


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• If your long range goal is law enforcement with a city, county, state, or federal agency, correctional work gives you an opportunity for relevant experience.

• You will acquire valuable practice in communicating with your superiors, peers, and criminals.

• You will have a lead on most police academy recruits in the area of officer safety and use of force strategies.


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• If your initial dream job is a police officer, but you have used too many drugs or committed too many crimes to qualify, you may find satisfaction in a correctional job.

• In police work you are often (but not always) given a polygraph test and you are faced with mandatory reporting of every crime you ever committed.

• To work for ADC, you are not required to take a polygraph test, and the criminal history requirement is “no felony conviction.”


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• The department will do a thorough background check in hopes of weeding out any bad apples, but just like corruption that ultimately surfaces in police departments, there are correctional officers who commit vile acts, such as smuggling in contraband, or physically and sexually abusing inmates.

• Agencies do their best to find model employees.


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County Detention Officer

• Detention officers work in county jails.

• People arrested by county officers and those arrested by state or city departments (and not released within 24 hours) are normally housed in county jails while awaiting their case resolution.

• County jails also house criminals sentenced to one year or less.


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• If you worked as a Detention Officer for Guilford County Sheriff’s Department in Greensboro, North Carolina, you would monitor inmates to ensure a safe and secure environment for sheriff’s office personnel, civilian staff, and those incarcerated.

• Your pay range would be $33,963 - $45,850, but there are also some incentives that can boost your salary.

• You would be paid extra for a Bachelor’s degree, Spanish fluency, military service, and rotating shifts.


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• The qualifications to work for Guilford County include:

• Be a citizen of the United States and at least 21 years of age at time of employment.

• Be a resident of Guilford County, or one of the contiguous counties.

• Be able to perform all of the essential job functions of an inexperienced officer (unassisted) at a pace and level of performance consistent with the actual job requirements.


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• High School Graduate or G.E.D and weight proportionate with height.

• Pass a drug test and a complete medical examination by a licensed physician, including psychological testing and evaluation.

• Pass a comprehensive background investigation by the sheriff's office, which includes work history, fingerprints, and photograph.


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• Candidate must be of good moral character and must not have been convicted of a felony or a serious misdemeanor by a local, state, federal, or military court.

• Applicants must not currently be in bankruptcy or have unpaid past due accounts or judgments.


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• The hiring process for Guilford County S.D. begins with an application, either on-line or in writing.

• The next steps include orientation, physical fitness test, written test, oral interview, background investigation, psychological exam, and medical exam.

• Guilford County S.D. does not require a polygraph for their detention officers or deputies.


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City Jailer

• Police procedures require certain suspects to be handcuffed and transported to the police station for further follow up.

• Police departments need the ability to temporarily detain those who are arrested during routine police work.

• At the station an officer needs to be able to make phone calls, collect records, run computer queries, interview victims, witnesses, and suspects, eat lunch, and use the restroom.


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City Jailer

• Leaving a suspect unsupervised is usually unauthorized and can be unsafe to the prisoner and co-workers.

• About half of the police departments in the United States employ fewer than 10 sworn personnel, thus making it unlikely they have a full time jail.

• The smaller police departments often get by with lockable interview rooms or holding cells.


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City Jailer

• Officers depend on each other to watch arrestees while they move around the building to accomplish routine tasks.

• The larger departments that can afford a full time jail are also taxed with the expenditure for a full time jail staff.

• City jailers take on a huge responsibility as they process prisoners, attend to prisoner’s needs, and transport them to court or county jail.

• This type of work isn’t for everyone.


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City Jailer

• Jailers face the possibility of assaults from prisoners just like county detention officers and correctional officers.

• City jailers search prisoners (already searched once by officers), finding drugs and dangerous weapons hidden under clothing, under the hair, and in body cavities.

• Prisoners sometimes escape from jailers, usually during court transports.


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City Jailer

• Prisoners in city jails have been killed during fights with each other, during fights with officers, and by suicide.

• Each time an incident like this happens, city departments face possible payouts in law suit settlements.


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City Jailer

• To work as a city jailer in Avondale, Arizona, you would provide care, custody, and control of inmates in city jail.

• You would transport inmates (adults and juvenile) and their property to proper locations ensuring that documentation is completed properly, administer work furlough, and work inmate programs at the discretion of the supervisor.

• You would complete all bookings and processes for newly arrested subjects on misdemeanor or felony offenses.


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City Jailer

• You would maintain proper accountability and use of supplies for staff and inmate population.

• You would have full responsibility for a clean, safe environment of the jail.

• You would conduct numerous counts of the inmate population, conduct fire and safety inspections, and ensure that inmates are released appropriately.


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City Jailer

• Your responsibility would include supervision of visitations, notification of the victims when the inmate is released, warrant pick-ups, and servicing Orders of Protection and Injunctions against Harassment.

• As a jailer you would assist in the functions of patrol units to pick-up and transport prisoners when required.

• You would assist the general public with their questions regarding the status of housed inmates.


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City Jailer• You would direct callers to appropriate agencies and provide notary service for patrol when juveniles are referred.

• Your job duties would include maintaining daily logs of shift activities and creating and maintaining arrest files on all prisoners processed through the police department.

• Processing prisoners would include paperwork, searching for contraband, fingerprinting, interviewing for any medical conditions, packaging prisoner property, and taking photos.


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City Jailer• You would need to ensure timely court appearances for all prisoners, escort prisoners to city court for appearances, prepare bond receipts, and collect bonds.

• You would supervise inmate visitation by contacting visitors, making sure they are allowed to visit, checking visitors for warrants and contraband, supervising actual visits, tracking number of visitors per inmate, searching inmate upon returning to jail, and performing interviews as required.


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City Jailer• The Jailer also purchases food and prepares meals for inmates.

• The Jailer handles inmate work details by classifying inmates (often called trustees) that are allowed to work, instructing what is expected of them, and transporting inmates to off site locations.

• They may respond to various locations to assist patrol or detectives on scene by taking custody of prisoners from actual scenes.


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City Jailer• Qualifications for most Jailer positions include: High school diploma or GED, no felony convictions, and no dishonorable discharge from the U.S. Armed Forces.

• Any equivalent combination of experience, education, or training, which provides the required knowledge, skills, and abilities.

• Must obtain Terminal Operator Certification, CPR, First Aid, and Impact Weapons and Firearms Certifications.


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City Jailer• Must pass the physical fitness test, panel interview, extensive background investigation, polygraph examination, psychological evaluation, medical exam, and pre-employment drug test.

•Candidates with prior experience may provide a valid diploma from an approved Correctional/Detention Officer Academy, or proof of comparable tenure and law enforcement experience as a certified peace officer.


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City Jailer• The physical fitness test for Avondale Jailer position includes a pass/fail 1.5 mile run in 14:15 minutes, 23 pushups in one minute, and 31 sit-ups in one minute.

• These physical fitness tests are the minimum requirements to pass, but the Cooper Age and Gender Base Standards for Law Enforcement are used to determine an overall fitness percentage that will be averaged.

•The pay for this position is $18.05 - $26.17 hourly


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Police Service Officer

• Some smaller agencies combine different positions together in order to accomplish their needs within the scope of the available budget.

• In Killeen, Texas the Jailer is also a detective and communications specialist.

• This position is titled Police Service Officer.


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• This person has the following responsibilities:

• Receives initial reports, via phone or in person, of potential offenses from citizens.

• Documents initial reports using accepted law enforcement report writing techniques.

• Interviews victims to document initial reports to assist the officer in developing leads and tips and interviews witnesses and takes statements of crimes reported.


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• Additional responsibilities include:

• Notarizes complaints and statements.

• Analyzes and evaluates information reported and determines if reported offenses are a violation of a civil and/or penal code.

• Summons ambulances and law enforcement officers as needed.


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• Investigates and prepares initial report for minor vehicular damage reported.

• Prepares criminal cases for giving testimony and provides testimony in court proceedings.

• Carries out duties in compliance with federal, state, county, and city laws and ordinances.

• Provides citizens with assistance with matters, such as crime prevention, drug abuse resistance education, and traffic safety.


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• Maintains communication and coordination with other law enforcement agencies regarding the location of wanted persons and service of their warrants.

• Books, searches, and releases prisoners, maintaining security in the jail.

• Administers and supervises meal time feeding, visitation, counseling, and work assigned to prisoners, monitoring all phone calls and jail access and egress.


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• Responds to and investigates incidents, crimes, disturbances, disputes, fights, and abuse of drugs, among prisoners, taking appropriate action, which includes physical restraint.

• Responsible for answering questions from bondsmen, lawyers, family members, and courts.


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• Provides backup in performing responsibilities as a Communications Officer.

• Includes entering data into the Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) for Bell County Communications Center (BCCC) and operation of the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) and Texas Crime Information Center (TCIC) terminal.

• May assist in training of new personnel as they are hired.


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• You qualify for this position if you have a high school diploma or GED and are able to complete the 200-hour Public Service Officer Training Course.

• You would also have to undergo a security clearance, a background check, a psychological test, a polygraph test, and be able to obtain a notary license.


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• Within the first year of employment you would have to obtain a Department of Public Safety Texas Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (TLETS) terminal operator certificate and 911 training.

•You could not have been convicted of or placed on court ordered community supervision or probation for any offense above a class B misdemeanor or for a class B misdemeanor within the last 10 years.

• This position pays $13.57 per hour.


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Parole / Probation Officer

• Probation officers supervise convicted criminals that were originally sentenced to probation in lieu of jail or prison.

• Parole officers supervise those who serve time in prison and receive an early release.

• Other than that, both jobs are much the same.

• There is a lot of autonomy and empowerment with these positions.


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• Some agencies require their probation and parole officers to carry firearms.

• The expectations of this work include keeping the public safe from harm, holding the offenders accountable, and helping them succeed.

• Like many government jobs, the pay is mediocre and the workload is massive.


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• A typical work day for a probation or parole officer might include home visits, office appointments, court hearings, and stake outs.

• There are more cases assigned per officer than can be handled proficiently, so some clients are insufficiently checked up on.

• The probation and parole officers generally have to rely on police officers to contact them if one of their clients gets arrested.


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• Typical duties for a Parole/Probation Officer in El Dorado, Arkansas include reviewing policies, procedures, regulations, and conditions of parole or probation and establishing the frequency of office visits.

• You would observe and possibly participate with the counseling of parolees/probationers during office visits and refer them to various agencies for assistance.


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• You would maintain chronological history of contacts with parolees/probationers and actions taken related to parole or probation records and prepare reports.

• You would make home and community visits to verify parole/probation information and recommend follow-up visits.


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• Assist in the administering of board, court ordered, and random drug tests on parolees/probationers and observe or assist in writing parole violation warrants or probation violation reports when test results are positive.

• Observe the serving of warrants and make arrests of parole violators, and assist in contacting the appropriate authority to issue warrants for the arrest of probation violators.


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• Assist in parole/probation violationinvestigations by providing support in researching criminal activity and technical violations and assist in the writing of the summary of the investigation.

• Observe or assist in submitting progress reports to other states regarding the behavior, residence, and employment information of interstate compact parolees/probationers being supervised in Arkansas


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Parole / Probation Officer• Knowledge of the characteristics of human behavior.

• Ability to observe and learn parole or probation programs.

• Ability to observe and learn caseload management.

• Ability to observe and learn court and/or hearing procedures.

• Ability to qualify with firearms and exercise self-defense tactics.

• Ability to assist in the conducting of parole and probation investigations.


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• Education requirement - Bachelor’s degree in Criminal

Justice, Sociology, Psychology, Social Work, Rehabilitation

Counseling, Political Science, Social Behavior Science,

Rehabilitation Science, or other human behavior fields with

management emphasis.


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Parole / Probation Officer• If you were interested in becoming a Juvenile Probation Officer in Roanoke, Virginia, your job would be to ensure the protection of citizens of the commonwealth by providing effective and meaningful supervision, counseling services, and case management to juveniles on probation and/or parole, and their families.

• This position is responsible for thorough assessment of case and treatment needs, evaluation of appropriate community resources, and monitoring of progress.


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Parole / Probation Officer• The minimum qualifications for this position include knowledge of the criminal justice system, including court proceedings.

• You would need experience in interviewing, counseling, and case management.

• Some additional qualifications include the ability to interpret regulations, guidelines, and statues, and to identify and use community resources and agency services.


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Parole / Probation Officer• You need the ability to interact and communicate effectively both orally and in writing with diverse socio-economic populations.

• It is preferred if you have a degree in criminal justice, social work, psychology, or related field, and experience counseling maladaptive juveniles in a court setting.

• You would undergo a pre-employment drug screen and background investigation.


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Parole / Probation Officer• The investigation includes a fingerprint check, local agency check, employment verification, education verification (relevant to employment), and a credit check.

• The consideration for an interview is based solely on the information on your application.

• Any incomplete part of the application could disqualify you.

• This agency, like many agencies, allows a resume and cover letter to be attached.


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Juvenile Rehabilitation Counselor• You can find a variety of positions related to probation, parole, and community corrections depending on what state you are in.

• Probation and parole officers are more or less supervisors, where Juvenile Rehabilitation Counselors (JRCs) are more like teachers.

• In Phoenix, Arizona, these life coaches are called Transition to Adulthood Specialists.


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Juvenile Rehabilitation Counselor

• In New York, New York, they are called Retention Specialists.

• JRCs in Olympia, Washington are part of the Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation Administration (JJRA), which is under the umbrella of the Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS).

• To work as a JRC in Olympia, your job description would include managing a caseload of one to two youth under close supervision.


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• Assist in the development and implementation of treatment

plans, providing individual and group counseling, assisting

in the facilitation of groups, serving as a back up to

counselors, assisting residential counselors in providing

supervision and services to youth and families with a

complex range of disorders and treatment needs, fulfilling

the reporting and documentation requirements.


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• Additionally, you would monitor and assess youth compliance with treatment plans, program requirements, and risk to self or others within the treatment milieu. Y • You would need to communicate effectively with residential counselors and supervisors regarding appropriate intervention as needed, teach and reinforce use and generalization of skills.


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• Your job would also entail performing routine security duties including headcounts, living unit building security checks, room searches for contraband, pat down or strip searches of youth, and assisting in search and apprehension of escapees.

• Transporting youth to community appointments as necessary.

• Supervising and assigning chores.


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• You may also find yourself administering urine analysis tests or arranging for another staff member to collect a UA sample. • To be considered for a position like this in Olympia, you would need a Bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution.

• There are also combinations of education and experience that could qualify you.


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Home Detention Officer• In Scottsdale, Arizona, there is a position titled Home Detention Officer.

• The HDO supervises clients ordered to the home detention program at the felony and misdemeanor level.

• In this position you would perform a variety of clerical, administrative, and investigative duties, and would be responsible for the intake, tracking, and reporting to the courts or probation/parole officer on all violations.


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Home Detention Officer• Your duties would include:

• Conducting intakes for court ordered clients and attending court hearings.

• Tracking and reporting on all compliance, non-compliance, and violations.

• Outreaching clients who have not scheduled or have missed intake appointment.

• Inputting schedules for the clients and answering any of their concerns.


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Home Detention Officer• Your duties would include:

• Ordering any equipment needed and collecting money from clients when necessary.

• Tracking and monitoring sobrietors issued to clients and addressing calibration concerns.

• Checking messages from previous night and returning the phone calls.

• Conducting duties at off-site locations, which requires some travel.


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Home Detention Officer

• The qualifications for this position is a high school diploma

or equivalent, thorough knowledge of the court processes

and applicable court rules, highly developed knowledge of

computerized office programs, the ability to prepare and

compose effective and accurate reports and correspondence,

ability to communicate with the general public.


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Home Detention Officer

• You would need the ability to work effectively with criminal justice professionals including judges, attorneys, and probation and parole officers.

• You would also be required to pass a criminal background investigation as well as a pre-employment drug test.

• The pay for this position is comparable to other probation officer positions around the country.


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Probation Aide

• Sacramento, California uses Probation Aides.

• Under close supervision you would learn to apply the

principles and techniques of probation work, supervise and

counsel individuals detained in, committed to, or sheltered in

one of several county juvenile institutions, supervise minors

assigned to work projects, and provide close supervision of

minors placed on home supervision.


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Probation Aide• In Sacramento this position is an on-call job, thus you would be required to be immediately available when needed.

• The required knowledge base to be a Probation Aide includes:

• Principles and techniques applicable to the care and rehabilitation of juvenile delinquents.

• The growth, development, needs, and problems of minors, symptoms of behavior disorders, and group dynamics.


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Probation Aide• Codes, standards, and regulations governing, and treatment of juveniles in juvenile hall, camps, ranches, or schools.

• Principles of investigation and laws governing search, seizure, and preservation of evidence.

• Counseling techniques, basic housekeeping techniques, hygienic standards, motivational techniques, crisis intervention, self-defense, appropriate use of force, and security techniques.


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Probation Aide• The minimum qualification for Probation Aides is the equivalent of an Associate of Arts degree from an accredited college or university.

• Up to one year of the required education may be substituted by experience in full-time, or equivalent part-time, paid law enforcement or correctional work in a probation agency, parole agency, or correctional institution.


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Probation Aide• You would also need to:

• Be a citizen of the United States or a permanent resident alien who is eligible for and has applied for citizenship. Any permanent resident alien shall be disqualified from holding the position if his or her application for citizenship is denied.

• Be at least 18 years of age.


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Probation Aide• You would also need to:

• Be fingerprinted for the purposes of searching local, state, and national fingerprint files to disclose any criminal record.

• Be found to be free from any physical, emotional, or mental condition that might adversely affect the exercise of the powers of a peace officer


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Probation Aide• There would also be a criminal history and background check done for this position.

• Candidates found having been convicted of a felony will be disqualified.

• You would be expected to perform a wide variety of physical tasks, such as standing, walking, running, stooping, bending, climbing stairs and lifting of individuals, which requires strength, coordination, endurance, and agility.


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Probation Aide• In addition, there may be occasional contact with hostile individuals, and you may be subjected to physical and verbal abuse while restraining individuals.

•The pay for this position is $25.31 hourly.


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Parole Board Hearing Officer

• A Parole Board has similar power and authority as a judge has in sentencing defendants to prison time.

• Just like at the initial sentencing, decisions are based on a variety of criteria, such as the seriousness of the offense, the prior record, probation/parole history, and the input from victims.

• The parole board also looks at the conduct of the person while in prison and considers resources available.


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• To be a Parole Board Hearing Officer in Noble County, Ohio, you would review journal entries, conduct risk assessments, complete post release control screenings, and conduct violation hearings in the field for parolees who have been charged with violating conditions of their community supervision. • You would arrange for witnesses, documents, and other evidence to be presented at hearings.


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• Your responsibility would include interacting and

corresponding with defense attorneys, law enforcement

officials, prosecutors, and other criminal justice officials

about the preparations for, and conducting of, release

violation hearings at local jails, correctional institutions,

halfway houses, or other community agencies.


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• You would conduct interviews with inmates and witnesses,

research applicable statutes and regulations, assist in the

development, enforcement, and interpretation of policies and

procedures, assure due process, analyze and rule on

motions, objections, timeliness of hearing, and the

admissibility of evidence.


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• As a Parole Board Hearing Officer you would review and

evaluate reports to determine if community sanction or

confinement in a state correction facility is warranted, and if

so, for how long.

• You would also consider public safety when rendering

determination, write required reports, and maintain

necessary records.


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• Other duties include participating in reentry initiatives and

maintaining and promoting public and human relations,

which includes preparing and delivering speeches, and

responding to telephone inquiries and written

correspondence to include public record requests from

members of the community and various other criminal justice

systems.


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• Other responsibilities include reviewing all available information on inmates eligible for release consideration hearings, and then conducting such hearings.

• You would make recommendations to parole board members for the purpose of evaluating factors leading to a determination and decision of release of individuals from adult correctional institutions throughout the state.


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• You would meet with unit management personnel, victims, victim’s families, offenders’ families, and attorneys prior to parole hearings to obtain any pertinent information not reflected in institution or electronic files.

• You would evaluate the testimony, evidence, and case file information and facilitate the full board open hearings, clemency hearings, central office board reviews, and sexually violent predator hearings as required.


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• To be considered for the position of Parole Board Hearing

Officer, you would need to have completed undergraduate

core coursework in Criminal Justice, Criminology, Political

Science, or Public Administration, and have five years of

additional experience in investigations, or the supervision of

adult felons, which includes interviewing, participation in

criminal court, or parole board release or violation

proceedings.


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• You could also count three years of experience in

administrative or court hearings that include presenting

witnesses and evidence, submitting and ruling on motions,

objections, briefs and arguments, taking testimony, and

researching and interpreting applicable law such as the

position of prosecutor, defense counsel, magistrate,

administrative law judge, hearing officer, or arbitrator.


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• It meets the qualification requirements if you have

completed an associate core coursework in Criminal Justice,

Criminology, Political Science, or Public Administration and

have seven years of additional experience in investigation

and supervision of adult felons.

• This position pays $49,649.60 - $72,841.60


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Diversity in Probation and Parole Work

• The entry of women into correctional work parallels that of police work.

• It has taken some time, but currently women hold positions in all categories of correctional jobs in all 50 states as probation officers, parole officers, detention officers, supervisors, and administrators.

• Just like police work, women continue to prove their value and enjoy higher levels of respect and acceptance by their male counterparts.


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• Equally similar is the value women bring to the work through their different way of approaching the job.

• Like police work, women are considered less likely to need to use force due to their less-threatening approach and polished verbal skills. • Almost a third of correctional employees in the U.S. are non-white, Mississippi having the highest percentage of minority employees and Utah having the least.


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• Initiatives to increase minority recruitment include

correctional representatives attending job fairs, advertising

with media that is predominantly minority based, working

closer with community-based organizations such as NAACP,

Urban League, and La Raza, and soliciting applicants from

historically black colleges


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Discussion Questions

1.Applicants for correctional jobs are rarely polygraphed? Do you feel they should be? Why or why not? What other careers would you recommend include polygraphs in the hiring decisions?

2.In correctional work and police work, a personnel file is kept that stores records of internal investigations even if the officer investigated is found innocent of the allegations. Do you feel this is a necessary procedure? Why or why not?

3.What advantages or disadvantages are there in having women working in corrections? What about Minorities? Does your opinion change with certain positions in the correctional system?

Chapter 8: Corrections

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Transcript of Chapter 8: Corrections