Chapter 8

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PCFifth Edition

Chapter 8

Understanding and Installing Hard Drives

2 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

Hard Drive Subsystem


Types of Hard Drive Interfaces

EIDE (Enhanced IDE) interface standards used by most hard drives

Other interface standards

SCSI

USB

IEEE 1394

……


EIDE Interface Standards Specify data transfer speed more than any

other factor Ultra ATA/100: most popular

Trend: parallel -> serial

Modes of transferring data between hard drive and memory

DMA transfer mode

PIO transfer mode


IDE Cabling Methods


IDE Cabling Methods (continued)


EIDE Interface Standards (continued)

Addressing Limitation

ATA/100 and earlier uses 28-bit addresses (< 137GB)

ATA/133 uses 48-bit addresses (> 137GB)


Configuring EIDE Drives EIDE standards support two IDE connections,

a primary and a secondary

Each connection can support up to two IDE devices Master device

Slave device


Configuring EIDE Drives (continued)


How Hard Drives Work


How Hard Drives Work (continued)


Tracks and Sectors on the Drive


Tracks and Sectors on the Drive (continued)


Hard Drive Controller

OS

BIOS

Hard drive controller

HD


CHS Mode

OS

BIOS


HD

(cylinder, head, sector)

complex

IDE/ATA Interface

BIOS Interface



Standard Max. Cylinders

Max.

Heads

Max. Sectors

Max. Capacity

IDE/ATA 65,536 16 256 128GB

BIOS 1024 256 63 8.4GB

Combination (Smaller of Each)

1024 16 63 504MB


ECHS Mode

OS

BIOS


HD


complex

IDE/ATA Interface

BIOS Interface


BIOS Translation


Standard Max. Cylinders

Max.

Heads

Max. Sectors

Max. Capacity

IDE/ATA 65,536 16 256 128GB

BIOS 1024 256 63 8.4GB

BIOS Translation

767 128 63 2.95GB


LBA Mode

OS

BIOS


HD

Block #

complex

IDE/ATA Interface

BIOS Interface

Block#

BIOS Translation

For ATA/100 and earlier, up to 137 GB For ATA/ATAPI-6, > 137 GB


Format a Hard Drive

Low-level format (usually done at the factory)

Partitioning the hard drive

High-level format


Low-Level Formatting

Occurs at the factory

Process of writing sector and track markings on the disk

Expected to last for the life of the drive


Extended

Partition a Hard Drive

Primary

Primary

Primary

Multiple primary partitions + one extended partition

Primary partition can install OS Extended partition cannot

Only one primary partition is bootable (active partition)

Each primary partition is a logical drive

The extended partition can contain multiple logical drives


High-level Formatting a Logical Drive Boot Record File System Records

File System Tables Root directories


File Systems FAT16

Supported by all Windows systems FAT32 (and VFAT)

Supported by Windows 95 Second Edition, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP

NTFS Supported by Windows NT, Windows 2000,

Windows XP Each logical drive has its own file system


When to Format a Drive

First install a new hard drive

Existing drive is giving errors

Suspect a virus has attacked the drive

Want to wipe a hard drive clean and install a new OS


Hands-on Project: Installing a new Hard Drive and Windows 20001. Set jumpers or DIP switches (primary + master);

physically install drive; attach power cord and data cable

2. Insert Windows 2000 CD and turn on the computer

3. Follow the instructions to1. Partition the hard drive into two partitions, one primary

(2GB) and one extended, each contains one logical drive

2. Format the logical drive C

3. Install Windows 2000 to drive C


Jumper Settings


Jumper Settings (continued)


Mounting the Drive in the Bay


Mounting the Drive in the Bay (continued)


Using Windows to Partition and Format a New Drive

Boot from Window setup CD

Follow on-screen directions to install Windows on new drive

The setup process partitions and formats new drive before it begins Windows installation

Chapter 8

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 8