Chapter 8
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Chapter 8 Copyright 2006 Vandeveer , Menefee, Sinclair 1 Learning Outcomes: Group Behavior Describe the types of groups. Outline the reasons people join groups. Describe the five states of group development. Explain the punctuated equilibrium model. Discuss the three types of teams. Review the issues critical to team organization and success. Explain groupthink, groupshift, and escalation of commitment.
Transcript of Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Copyright 2006 Vandeveer, Menefee, Sinclair
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Learning Outcomes: Group Behavior
Describe the types of groups. Outline the reasons people join groups. Describe the five states of group
development. Explain the punctuated equilibrium
model. Discuss the three types of teams. Review the issues critical to team
organization and success. Explain groupthink, groupshift, and
escalation of commitment.
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Group Defined
A group is a collection of two or more interacting individuals with a stable pattern of relationships who share common goals and who perceive themselves as being a group.
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Types of Groups
Formal Groups
Command Groups
Task Groups
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Types of Groups Formal groups are defined by the
organizational structure: Command groups – Groups defined
by the organizational chart, i.e., the engineering group.
Task groups – Focus is on completing a task, i.e., quality circles.
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Types of Groups
Informal Groups
Interest Groups
FriendshipGroups
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Types of Groups
Informal groups are groups that form to respond to common interests or social interaction: Interest groups – People working
together for a common interest.
Friendship groups – The focus is on people bonding together and sharing common characteristics.
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Why do People Join Groups?
Security Status Self-esteem Power Goal achievement
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Why Do People Join Groups? Security – By joining a group, individuals can reduce the
insecurity of “standing along.” People feel stronger, have fewer self-doubts, and are more resistant in threats when they are part of a group.
Status – Inclusion in a group that is viewed as important by others provides recognition and status for its members.
Self-esteem – Groups can fulfill social needs. People enjoy the regular interaction that comes with group membership. For many, the on-the-job interactions are their primary source of fulfilling their needs for affiliation.
Power – There is strength in numbers. What cannot be achieved individually often becomes possible through group action.
Goal achievement – There are times when it takes more than one person to accomplish a particular task – there is a need to pool talents, knowledge, or power in order to complete a job.
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Group Development Forming – caution, confusion, uncertainty. Storming – tension, hostility, and
intragroup conflict. Norming – group norms and developing of
close relationships. Performing - focusing on the
accomplishment of the task. Adjourning – getting closure.
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The Five Stage Model: Team Cooperation and Synergy
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
High
Low
Negative PositiveNeutralSynergy
TeamCooperation
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Types of Teams
Problem-solving teams – Quality Circles (10-12 members)
Cross-functional work teams Self-managed or self-directed
work teams (10-15 members)
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Three Types of TeamsProblem-Solving
Self-Managed
Cross-Functional
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Team Cooperation and Synergy A team is a group whose members
have complementary skills and are committed to a common purpose or set of performance goals for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
The difference between a work group and a work team is the ability to create positive synergy.
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The Punctuated Equilibrium Model
Per
form
ance
Phase 1
FirstMeeting
Phase 2
Completion
Transition
Time = 0 A Time = A/2
Low
High
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Other Team Issues . . . Size Team skills Authority Geography Goals
Timing Leadership Reward systems Group decisions Trust
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Other Team Issues . . . Groupshift – groups shifts to become
more conservative or more risky due to lack of individual responsibility.
Groupthink - occurs when group conformity overrides reality.
Escalation of commitment - is staying with a course of action beyond where it is reasonable.
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Summary Groups will vary in size depending
on their function. Successful groups must contain
members with technical skills, problem-solving and decision-making skills and strong interpersonal skills.
People know and are matched to their jobs and skills.
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Summary Teams members must be
committed to the team. Members know what has to be done
(goals) and achieve this focus. Members are accountable to each
other. Members have high mutual trust.
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Looking Ahead Read Chapter 9 – Leadership
Work the self-assessments
Have a great day!!!
