Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution (1763-1775). Distance weakened authority Republicanism –...
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Transcript of Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution (1763-1775). Distance weakened authority Republicanism –...
Chapter 7:The Road to Revolution (1763-
1775)
Distance weakened authority Republicanism – citizens give up self
interests for the common good. Opposed to hierarchical and authoritarian
institutions
Mercantilism – wealth is power Measured by silver and gold Must export more than import
Navigation law of 1650 All commerce must initially go through Britain Americans must ship “enumerated” products
to Britain Currency shortage
Colonists bought more than they sold to Britain Barter and trade Paper money – led to depreciation
Britain felt colonists responsible for war debt
Navigation Laws (1763) British trade only
Sugar Act of 1764 Molasses Act 1733 3 pence tax on sugar and molasses
Quartering Act of 1765 Required colonies to provide food and housing
to British troops
George Greenville: Author of the Stamp Act
King George III
legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the colonies required to carry a tax stamp.
“No taxation, without representation!”
9 colonies met in NYC 14 point declaration of rights and
grievances formulated by John Dickinson Pledged loyalty to the king
Publications Andrew Oliver and Hutchinson effigies
hung Destroyed property of tax collectors No one to enforce it, when it became law Government offices shut down Boycott on British Goods
Existed in every colony Samuel Adams: head of Boston Chapter
Mainly workers and tradesmen Boston Gazette spread news and opinion Main objective to get stamp collectors to
resign Enforcement of Non-Importation
agreements
Organizer of the Committees of Correspondence Movement toward independence
Led the reaction to the Stamp Act and Boston Tea Party
Served in both Continental Congresses Too much of an agitator to be a good
politician
“Driven from every other corner of the earth, freedom of thought and the right of private judgment in matters of conscience direct their course to this happy country as their last asylum.” Samuel Adams (1776)
Repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 Passed the Declaratory Act in 1766
Stated Parliament had the right to make all laws for the colonies
Predecessor for future acts
“By one Act they have suspended the powers of one American legislature, & by another have declared they may legislate for us themselves in all cases whatsoever. These two acts alone form a basis broad enough whereon to erect a despotism of unlimited extent.” Thomas Jefferson
Sponsored by Charles Townshend Purpose to raise revenues for customs
enforcement and colonial officers Import duties on glass, lead, paint, paper,
and tea. Protested with petitions, boycotting, and
tar and feathering All but tea tax repealed in 1770
Started because of the failure to pay taxes
Townspeople threw snowballs A struck private fired into the crowd 11 injured and 5 killed British removed from Boston Crispus Attucks
Monopoly given to failing EIC Ships not able to enter the bay, most
turned away Hutchinson would not allow ship to leave
Boston until unloaded Son’s of Liberty, dressed as Indians, led
attack on ship, dumping 45 tons of tea
Prime Minister Lord North, author of the Boston Port Bill, forces the ”Intolerable Acts,” or tea, down the throat of America, a vulnerable Indian woman whose arms are restrained by Lord Chief Justice Mansfield, while Lord Sandwich, a notorious womanizer, pins down her feet and peers up her skirt. Behind them, Mother Britannia weeps helplessly. This British cartoon was quickly copied and distributed by Paul Revere
Boston Port Act – closed Boston Harbor until dumped tea was paid for
Massachusetts Government Act – revoked charter and forbid town meetings
Quartering Act – required colonists to provide housing for soldiers
Quebec Act – expanded territory No representative government Restored French law Allowed practice of Catholicism